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Physical Activity, Mediterranean Diet and Biomarkers-Assessed Risk of Alzheimer’s: A Multi-Modality Brain Imaging Study

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Advances in Molecular Imaging 2014年第4期4卷 43-57页

作者： Dawn C. Matthews Michelle Davies John Murray Schantel Williams Wai H. Tsui Yi Li Randolph D. Andrews Ana Lukic pauline mchugh Shankar Vallabhajosula Mony J. de Leon Lisa Mosconi ADM Diagnostics Chicago USA Department of Psychiatry New York University School of Medicine New York USA Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA

Increased physical activity and higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) have been independently associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Their association has not been investigated with the use of biomarkers. This study examines whether, among cognitively normal (NL) individuals, those who are less physically active and show lower MeDi adherence have brain biomarker abnormalities consistent with AD. Methods: Forty-five NL individuals (age 54 ± 11, 71% women) with complete leisure time physical activity (LTA), dietary information, and cross-sectional 3D T1-weigthed MRI, 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans were examined. Voxel-wise multivariate partial least square (PLS) regression was used to examine the effects of LTA, MeDi and their interaction on brain biomarkers. Age, gender, ethnicity, education, caloric intake, BMI, family history of AD, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, presence of hypertension and insulin resistance were examined as confounds. Subjects were dichotomized into more and less physically active (LTA+ vs. LTA-;n = 21 vs. 24), and into higher vs. lower MeDi adherence groups (n = 18 vs. 27) using published scoring methods. Spatial patterns of brain biomarkers that represented the optimal association between the images and the groups were generated for all modalities using voxel-wise multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. Results: Groups were comparable for clinical and neuropsychological measures. Independent effects of LTA and MeDi factors were observed in AD-vulnerable brain regions for all modalities (p β load and lower glucose metabolism) were observed in LTA- compared to LTA+ subjects, and in MeDi- as compared to MeDi+ subjects. A gradient effect was observed for all modalities so that LTA+/MeDi+ subjects had the highest and LTA+/MeDi+ subjects had the lowest AD-burden (p < 0.001), although the LTA × MeDi interaction was significant

关键词： Alzheimer’s Disease Mediterranean Diet Physical activity PET Imaging Amyloid Glucose Metabolism MRI Early Detection Brain Aging

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FDG and Amyloid PET in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Risk for Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

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Advances in Molecular Imaging 2014年第2期4卷 15-26页

作者： John Murray Wai H. Tsui Yi Li pauline mchugh Schantel Williams Megan Cummings Elizabeth Pirraglia Lilja Solnes Ricardo Osorio Lidia Glodzik Shankar Vallabhajosula Alexander Drzezga Satoshi Minoshima Mony J. de Leon Lisa Mosconi New York University School of Medicine New York USA University of Cologne Cologne Germany University of Washington Seattle USA Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA

Having a parent affected by late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major risk factor for cognitively normal (NL) individuals. This study explores the potential of PET with 18F-FDG and the amyloid-β (Aβ) tracer 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) for detection of individual risk in NL adults with AD-parents. Methods: FDG- and PiB-PET was performed in 119 young to late-middle aged NL individuals including 80 NL with positive family history of AD (FH+) and 39 NL with negative family history of any dementia (FH-). The FH+ group included 50 subjects with maternal (FHm) and 30 with paternal family history (FHp). Individual FDG and PiB scans were Z scored on a voxel-wise basis relative to modality-specific reference databases using automated procedures and rated as positive or negative (+/-) for AD-typical abnormalities using predefined criteria. To determine the effect of age, the cohort was separated into younger (49 ± 9 y) and older (68 ± 5 y) groups relative to the median age (60 y). Results: Among individuals of age >60 y, as compared to controls, NL FH+ showed a higher frequency of FDG+ scans vs. FH- (53% vs. 6% p < 0.003), and a trend for PiB+ scans (27% vs. 11%;p = 0.19). This effect was observed for both FHm and FHp groups. Among individuals of age ≤60 y, NL FHm showed a higher frequency of FDG+ scans (29%) compared to FH- (5%, p = 0.04) and a trend compared to FHp (11%) (p = 0.07), while the distribution of PiB+ scans was not different between groups. In both age cohorts, FDG+ scans were more frequent than PiB+ scans among NL FH+, especially FHm (p < 0.03). FDG-PET was a significant predictor of FH+ status. Classification according to PiB status was significantly less successful. Conclusions: Automated analysis of FDG- and PiB-PET demonstrates higher rates of abnormalities in at-risk FH+ vs FH-subjects, indicating potentially ongoing early AD-pathology in this population. The frequency of metabolic abnormalities was higher than that of Aβ pathology in the younger c

关键词： Alzheimer’s Disease Early Detection Positron Emission Tomography Amyloid Imaging Glucose Metabolism Normal Aging

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Studies on Toxicity,Anti-stress and Hepato-protective Properties of Kombucha Tea

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第3期14卷 207-213页

作者： pauline，T. KAVIMANI，S DefenceInstituteofPhysiologyAlliedSciences TimarpurLucknowRoadDelhi－110054India MotherTherasaInstituteofHealthScience IndiraNagarGorimeduPondichery－6India

Objective\ The objective of the study was to evaluate toxicity, anti_stress activity and hepato_protective properties of Kombucha tea. Method\ Kombucha tea was fed orally for 15 days using three different doses i.e. normal dose, five and ten times the dose. Rats were then sacrificed and various biochemical, and histological parameters were estimated. Anti_stress activity was evaluated either by 1) by exposing animals to cold and hypoxia and estimating the levels of malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione in plasma/ blood or 2) by subjecting the animals to restraint stress and recording faecal output. Hepato_toxicity was induced by challenging the animals to an acute dose of paracetamol (1 gm/kg) orally and determining the plasma levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA. Results\ The effect of oral administration of different doses of K_tea to albino rats was examined and the results indicate that K_tea has no significant toxicity as revealed by various biochemical and histopathological parameters. K_tea has been found to prevent lipid peroxidation and fall in reduced glutathione level when rats were exposed to cold and hypoxia in simulated chamber. Further, K_tea has also been found to decrease the Wrap_restraint faecal pellet output in rats. K_tea has also been found to decrease paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity significantly. Conclusion\ The study shows that K_tea has anti_stress and hepato_protective activities.

关键词： Lipid Peroxidation Yeasts Administration Oral Animals Bacteria Beverages Cold Dose-Response Relationship Drug Glutathione Liver Male Oxidative Stress Protective Agents Rats Rats Sprague-Dawley

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Computation of Shock Profiles in Radiative Hydrodynamics

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第10期6卷 1118-1136页

作者： Jean-Francois Coulombel pauline Lafitte CNRS Laboratoire Paul Painleve and Project Team SIMPAF INRIA FutursUniversite Lille 1Cite Scientifique59655 VILLENEUVE D’ASCQ CedexFrance Laboratoire Paul Painleve and Project Team SIMPAF INRIA Futurs Universite Lille 1Cite Scientifique59655 VILLENEUVE D’ASCQ CedexFrance

This article is devoted to the construction of a numerical scheme to solve the equations of radiative *** use this numerical procedure to compute shock profiles and illustrate some earlier theoretical results about their smoothness and monotonicity *** first consider a scalar toy model,then we extend our analysis to a more realistic system for the radiative hydrodynamics that couples the Euler equations and an elliptic equation.

关键词： Radiative transfer shock profiles Euler equations numerical profiles

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Three decades of unveiling the complex chemistry of C-nitroso species with computational chemistry

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第1期9卷 223-264页

作者： pauline Bianchi Jean-Christophe M.Monbaliu Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis MolSys Research UnitUniversity of LiègeB-4000 Liège(Sart Tilman)Belgium

C-Nitroso species are characterized by a unique nitrogen–oxygen combination located next to a carbon backbone,which confers them a unique ambiphilic and high reactivity towards nucleophilic,electrophilic but also radical *** this ambivalence can be seen as a strong asset for developing versatile synthetic aminohydroxylation and/or hydroxylamination processes mainly through nitroso Diels–Alder,nitroso ene,and nitrosoaldol reactions,it also contributes to complex optimization and rationalization arising from the many competitive pathways,that is,the occurrence of regioisomers and stereoisomers,as well as dimerization and tautomerization *** reactivity profiles are usually seen by synthetic organic chemists as major hurdles to overcome,despite the armada of analytical and purification methods available to them,and hence to achieve selective and exploitable developments of such *** rise of computational chemistry and resources has certainly changed their perspectives,since it provides a very different angle to gather insights on intrinsic properties,reactivity,and *** silico chemistry also provides a robust alternative to time and resource-consuming synthetic work and can therefore contribute to alleviate wasteful preparations by guiding the chemist toward the best combination of reagents to achieve high selectivity and *** synergistic combination of synthetic organic chemistry and computational chemistry,within the specific context of the complex chemistry of C-nitroso species,is discussed in this *** review aims at giving an overview of the molecular and chemical properties obtained through computational chemistry as an enabling support for the rationalization and optimization of reactions relying on ambiphilic C-nitroso species over the 3 last *** provides clear,concise,and illustrated guidelines for the synthetic chemist in search of inspiration through computations.

关键词： chemistry reactivity isomers

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Targeting gut microbiota in osteoporosis:impact of the microbial based functional food ingredients

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： pauline Duffuler Khushwant S.Bhullar Jianping Wu Department of Agricultural Food&Nutritional Science University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5Canada

Osteoporosis is the most common bone disorder,characterized by low bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration of the bone tissue,which increases the susceptibility to *** the past decade,emerging research findings reported the implication of gut microbiota on bone health and osteoporosis *** patients or individuals with a lower bone mineral density exhibit an alteration of the gut microbiota at several taxonomic *** reports demonstrate that gut microbiota regulates bone metabolism through the modulation of the gut function(mineral availability and absorption,gut integrity),the immune system,and the endocrine ***,based on the vital role of gut microbiota on bone health,it has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of bone loss and the treatment of ***-based functional food ingredients,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and fermented foods,have been developed to alter the gut microbiota composition and function and thus,to provide benefits to the host bone *** promising initial results,microbial-based therapies are still under ***,additional animal studies and clinical trials are needed to understand the interactions between gut microbiota and bone metabolism before further applications.

关键词： Dysbiosis Bone health Probiotic Prebiotic Fermented food Synbiotic

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Otitis media with effusion in children: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.A review

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Journal of Otology 2019年第2期14卷 33-39页

作者： pauline Vanneste Cyril Page Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Amiens University Hospital

Otitis media with effusion(OME)is a frequent paediatric *** condition is often asymptomatic,and so can easily be ***,OME can lead to hearing loss that impairs the child's language and behavioural *** diagnosis is essentially clinical,and is based on otoscopy and(in some cases)*** endoscopy is only indicated in cases of unilateral OME or when obstructive adenoid hypertrophy is *** media with effusion is defined as the observation of middle-ear effusion at consultations three months *** must be evaluated(using an age-appropriate audiometry technique)before and after treatment,so as not to miss another underlying cause of deafness(*** deafness).Craniofacial dysmorphism,respiratory allergy and gastro-oesophageal reflux all favour the development of *** a certain number of medications(antibiotics,corticoids,antihistamines,mucokinetic agents,and nasal decongestants)can be used to treat OME,they are not reliably effective and rarely provide long-term *** benchmark treatment for OME is placement of tympanostomy tubes(TTs)and(in some cases)adjunct *** TTs rapidly normalize hearing and effectively prevent the development of cholesteatoma in the middle *** contrast,TTs do not prevent progression towards tympanic atrophy or a retraction *** enhances the effectiveness of *** children with adenoid hypertrophy,adenoidectomy is indicated before the age of 4 but can be performed later when OME is identified by nasal *** must be followed up until OME has disappeared completely,so that any complications are not missed.

关键词： Otitis media with effusion Tympanostomy tube Ventilation tube Grommet Child

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Determination of the standardized ileal digestible calcium requirement of Ross broilers from hatch to day 14 post-hatch

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 122-129页

作者： Carrie L.Walk Raffaella Aureli pauline Jenn DSM Nutritional Products Delves RoadHeanorDerbyshireDE757SGUnited Kingdom Research Center for Animal Nutrition and Health DSM Nutritional ProductsVillage-Neuf68128France

An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible(SID)calcium requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 *** 308(n=360)male broilers were obtained on day of hatch and allocated to 1 of 5 treatments in battery *** were 6 birds per cage and 12 pens per *** treatments were formulated to contain 0.60%,0.46%,0.32%or 0.18%SID *** final treatment was formulated using total Ca to meet or exceed all nutrient requirements,including 0.90%total Ca and 0.49%non-phytate P(nPP),using the same *** treatment was the reference diet for comparison and validation of the SID Ca *** and feed were weighed at placement and on d *** and ileal contents were obtained on d 14 and excreta was collected per pen and pooled on d *** were analyzed using JMP Pro and requirements were estimated using 3different non-linear regression *** the SID Ca content in the diet from 0.18%to 0.60%improved(quadratic,P<0.05)body weight gain and mortality corrected feed conversion ratio(mFCR).The estimated SID Ca requirement to optimize gain or m FCR was between 0.39%and 0.52%.Tibia ash percent and weight increased(quadratic,P<0.05)as SID Ca content in the diet increased and the estimated SID Ca requirement was between 0.32%and 0.58%.Phosphorus utilization was improved in birds fed diets formulated using SID Ca compared with birds fed the reference *** conclusion,the SID Ca requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 was estimated between 0.534%and 0.398%when quadratic,straight-broken line,or quadratic-broken line regressions were *** results agree with previously published data evaluating the SID Ca requirement of fast-growth broilers from hatch to d 10.

关键词： Apparent ileal digestibility Digestible calcium Requirements Retention Tibia ash

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NRF2 signaling cascade in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:bridging the gap between promise and reality

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1006-1012页

作者： pauline Tarot Christelle Lasbleiz Jean-Charles Liévens MMDN Univ MontpellierEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance CNRS ParisFranceEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a very disabling disease due to the degeneration of motor *** include muscle weakness and atrophy,spasticity,and progressive ***,there is no treatment to reverse damage to motor neurons and cure amyotrophic lateral *** only two treatments actually approved,riluzole and edaravone,have shown mitigated beneficial *** difficulty to find a cure lies in the complexity and multifaceted pattern of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** mechanisms,abnormal RNA metabolism,nucleocytoplasmic transport defects,accumulation of unfolded protein,and mitochondrial dysfunction would in fine induce oxidative damage and vice versa.A potent therapeutic strategy will be to find molecules that break this vicious *** the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 signaling may fulfill this objective since nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 has a multitarget profile controlling antioxidant defense,mitochondrial functioning,and *** here discuss the interest of developing nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2-based therapy in regard to the pathophysiological mechanisms and we provide a general overview of the attempted clinical assays in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis C9orf72 NRF2 oxidative defense oxidative stress sulforaphane superoxide dismutase 1 TDP43

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Electrolyte Solvation Structure Design for High Voltage Zinc-Based Hybrid Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第4期6卷 239-247页

作者： pauline Jaumaux Shijian Wang Shuoqing Zhao Bing Sun Guoxiu Wang Centre for Clean Energy Technology School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimo NSW 2007Australia

Zinc(Zn)metal anodes have enticed substantial curiosity for large-scale energy storage owing to inherent safety,high specific and volumetric energy capacities of Zn metal ***,the aqueous electrolyte traditionally employed in Zn batteries suffers severe decomposition due to the narrow voltage stability ***,we introduce N-methylformamide(NMF)as an organic solvent and modulate the solvation structure to obtain a stable organic/aqueous hybrid electrolyte for high-voltage Zn *** is not only extremely stable against Zn metal anodes but also reduces the free water molecule availability by creating numerous hydrogen bonds,thereby accommodating high-voltage Zn‖LiMn_(2)O_(4)*** introduction of NMF prevented hydrogen evolution reaction and promoted the creation of an Frich solid electrolyte interphase,which in turn hampered dendrite growth on Zn *** Zn‖LiMn_(2)O_(4)full cells delivered a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%over 400 cycles.

关键词： aqueous electrolytes electrolyte solvation structures high-voltage zinc batteries hybrid batteries

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