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Risk factors for liver disease among adults of Mexican descent in the United States and Mexico

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第37期24卷 4281-4290页

作者： Yvonne N Flores Zuo-Feng Zhang Roshan Bastani Mei Leng Catherine M Crespi paula ramírez-palacios Heather Stevens Jorge Salmerón Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud Delegación MorelosInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialCuernavacaMorelos 62000México UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research Los AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Department of Biostatistics Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCA 90095United States University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA 98195United States Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Academic Epidemiology Research UnitAvenida Universidad 3000Ciudad UniversitariaCoyoacánMexico City 04510México Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional Instituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMorelos 62100México

AIM To compare the prevalence of chronic liver disease(CLD) risk factors in a representative sample of MexicanAmericans born in the United States(US) or Mexico, to a sample of adults in Mexico.METHODS Data for Mexican-Americans in the US were obtained from the 1999-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES), which includes persons of Mexican origin living in the US(n = 4274). The NHANES sample was restricted to Mexican-American participants who were 20 years and older, born in the US or Mexico, not pregnant or breastfeeding, and with medical insurance.The data in Mexico were obtained from the 2004-2013 Health Worker Cohort Study in Cuernavaca, Mexico(n =9485). The following known risk factors for liver disease/cancer were evaluated: elevated aminotransferase levels(elevated alanine aminotransferase was defined as > 40 IU/L for males and females; elevated aspartate aminotransferase was defined as > 40 IU/L for males and females), infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C,metabolic syndrome, high total cholesterol, diabetes,obesity, abdominal obesity, and heavy alcohol use. The main independent variables for this study classified individuals by country of residence(i.e., Mexico vs the US) and place of birth(i.e., US-born vs Mexico-born).Regression analyses were used to investigate CLD risk factors.RESULTS After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics,Mexican-American males were more likely to be obese,diabetic, heavy/binge drinkers or have abdominal obesity than males in Mexico. The adjusted multivariate results for females also indicate that Mexican-American females were significantly more likely to be obese, diabetic, be heavy/binge drinkers or have abdominal obesity than Mexican females. The prevalence ratios and prevalence differences mirror the multivariate analysis findings for the aforementioned risk factors, showing a greater risk among US-born as compared to Mexico-born MexicanAmericans. CONCLUSION In this study, Mexican-Americans in the US had more risk factors for CLD than thei

关键词： Liver disease Risk factors Health disparities Mexico Mexican Americans Latinos

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Land-use change and windstorms legacies drove the recolonization dynamics of laurel forests in Tenerife, Canary islands

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 113-124页

作者： Vicente Rozas Maria A.Garcia-Lopez Jose M.Olano Gabriel Sanguesa-Barreda Miguel Garcia-Hidalgo Susana Gomez-Gonzalez Roberto Lopez-Rubio Jose M.Fernandez-palacios Ignacio Garcia-Gonzalez Laura Lozano-Lopez paula Garcia-Gonzalez Ana I.Garcia-Cervigon EiFAB-iuFOR Universidad de ValladolidCampus Duques de Soria42004SoriaSpain Departamento de Biologia-IVAGRO Universidad de CadizCampus Rio San Pedro11510Puerto RealSpain Center for Climate and Resilience Research(CR)2 Blanco Encalada 20028370449SantiagoChile Area de Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Rey Juan Carlosc/Tulipan s/n28933MostolesSpain Grupo de Ecologia y Biogeografia Insular Universidad de La Laguna38206La LagunaTenerifeSpain BIOAPLIC Departamento de BotanicaEscola Politecnica Superior de EnxenariaCampus TerraUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaLugo27002Spain

Laurel forests are quite relevant for biodiversity conservation and are among the island ecosystems most severely damaged by human activities.In the past,Canary laurel forests have been greatly altered by logging,livestock and agriculture.The remains of laurel forests are currently protected in the Canary Islands(Spain).However,we miss basic information needed for their restoration and adaptive management,such as tree longevity,growth potential and responsiveness to natural and anthropogenic disturbances.Using dendrochronological methods,we studied how forest dynamic is related to land-use change and windstorms in two well-preserved laurel forests on Tenerife Island.Wood cores were collected from over 80 trees per stand at three stands per forest.We used ring-width series to estimate tree ages and calculate annual basal area increments(BAI),cumulative diameter increases,and changes indicative of released and suppressed growth.Twelve tree species were found in all stands,with Laurus novocanariensis,Ilex canariensis and Morella faya being the most common species.Although some individuals were over 100 years old,61.8%-88.9% of the trees per stand established between 1940 and 1970,coinciding with a post-war period of land abandonment,rural exodus and the onset of a tourism economy.Some trees have shown growth rates larger than 1 cm diameter per year and most species have had increasing BAI trends over the past decades.Strong growth releases occurred after windstorms at both sites,but the effects of windstorms were site-dependent,with the 1958 storm affecting mainly the eastern tip of the island(Anaga massif)and the 1991 storm the western tip(Teno massif).Given the great ability of laurel forest trees to establish after land use cessation and to increase growth after local disturbances such as windstorms,passive restoration may be sufficient to regenerate this habitat in currently degraded areas.

关键词： Canary islands Dendroecology Disturbance Forest structure Macaronesia Management cessation Tree rings

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