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Spatiotemporal characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges and bidirectional leader of the lightning

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 212-224页

作者： Krehbiel paul New mexico Institute of mining and Technology Socorro New Mexico 87801 USA

The three-dimension spatiotemporal development characteristics of positive cloud-to- ground (CG) lightning discharges have been analyzed by using the data measured by the lightning mapping array system with high time and space resolution. The results indicate that a positive CG lightning discharge can be divided into three stages based on the characteristics of its development. The first stage is discharge process in cloud with a long duration preceding the return stroke. This process with an average of 370 ms propagated at velocity of 105 m/s and produced intensive radiation with a magnitude equal to that of the negative leader. During this stage, the lightning channels de-veloped horizontally in the positive charge region with few branches as the negative polarity break-down. During the stage after the return stroke of the positive CG lightning, the lightning channels propagated at velocity of 2 times faster than that before the return stroke. This stage involved lots of positive fast impulses and corresponded to the continuing current process producing less and dis-persed radiation points and more intensive radiation powers. During the final stage of the positive CG lightning, the lightning channels developed at velocity equal to that before the return stroke and the radiation points appeared mainly at the ends of channel. The spatiotemporal development character-istics of the positive CG lightning are very different from that of the negative CG lightning. All of the radiation points of the positive CG lightning appeared in the positive charge region of cloud. Little or no radiation was detected during the positive leader just before the return stroke. The duration of the positive CG lightning was an average of 730 ms. The positive CG lightning discharges with lasting time of 500―600 ms were 43%. 90% of the positive CG lightning discharges involved one return stroke, the most return stroke number being four. The current of the return stroke was an average of 36.5

关键词： positive CG lightning, radiation characteristics, bidirectional leader.

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molecular and carbon isotopic compositions of gas inclusions of deep carbonate rocks in the Tarim Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第5期47卷 445-452页

作者： paul Farrimond Fossil Fuels and Environmental Geochemistry Drummond Building University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne NE17RU UK

Gaseous components of gas inclusions in deep carbonate rocks (>5700 m) from the Tacan 1 well were analyzed by online mass spectrometry by means of either the stepwise heat-ing technique or vacuum electromagnetism crushing. The carbon isotopic compositions of gases released by vacuum electromagnetism crushing were also measured. Although the molecular compositions of gas inclusions show differences between the two methods, the overall charac-teristics are that gas inclusions mainly contain CO2, whilst hydrocarbon gases, such as CH4, C2H6 and C3H8, are less abundant. The content of CO is higher in the stepwise heating experi-ment than that in the method of vacuum electromagnetism crushing, and there are only minor amounts of N2, H2 and O2 in gas inclusions. methane d 13C values of gas inclusions in Lower Ordovician and Upper Cambrian rocks (from 5713.7 to 6422 m; -52—63) are similar to those of bacterial methane, but their chemical compositions do not exhibit the dry character in comparison with biogenic gases. These characteristics of deep gas inclusions may be related to the migration fractionation. Some deep natural gases with light carbon isotopic characteristics in the Tazhong Uplift may have a similar origin. The d 13C1 values of gas inclusions in Lower Cam-brian rocks (7117—7124 m) are heavier (-39), consistent with highly mature natural gases. Carbon isotopic compositions of CO2 in the gas inclusions of deep carbonate rocks are similar (from -4 to 13) to those of deep natural gases, indicating predominantly an inorganic origin.

关键词： Tarim Basin, deep carbonate rock, gas inclusion component, carbon isotope.

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The USP7 protein interaction network and its roles in tumorigenesis

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第1期9卷 41-50页

作者： Ahood Al-Eidan Yihua Wang paul Skipp Rob m.Ewing School of Biological Sciences B85 Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Department of Biology College of SciencesImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982DammamSaudi Arabia

Ubiquitin-specific protease(USP7),also known as Herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease(HAUSP),is a *** has been significant recent attention on USP7 following the discovery that USP7 is a key regulator of the p53-mDm2 *** USP7 protein is 130 kDa in size and has multiple domains which bind to a diverse set of *** interactions mediate key developmental and homeostatic processes including the cell cycle,immune response,and modulation of transcription factor and epigenetic regulator activity and ***7 also promotes carcinogenesis through aberrant activation of the Wnt signalling pathway and stabilization of HIF-1α.These findings have shown that USP7 may induce tumour progression and be a therapeutic *** with interest in developing USP7 as a target,several studies have defined new protein interactions and the regulatory networks within which USP7 *** this review,we focus on the protein interactions of USP7 that are most important for its cancer-associated roles.

关键词： Cancer Deubiquitinase Protein network Protein-protein interaction Proteomics USP7

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重判还是记过？

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商业周刊（中文版） 2015年第4期 78-83页

作者： paul m. barrett Nathan Gill

约瑟夫·西格曼（Joseph Sigelman）站在他位于迈阿密的公寓里，警惕地注视着他的律师——格雷戈里·书斯曼（Gregory Wisman）。他们在一起工作已有8年之久，都将对方视为至交。但两人的此次会面有些非比寻常。就在两天前，韦斯曼打... 详细信息

约瑟夫·西格曼（Joseph Sigelman）站在他位于迈阿密的公寓里，警惕地注视着他的律师——格雷戈里·书斯曼（Gregory Wisman）。他们在一起工作已有8年之久，都将对方视为至交。但两人的此次会面有些非比寻常。就在两天前，韦斯曼打电话给西格曼称，美国联邦调查局（FBI）的特工突然出现在他位于新泽西的寓所。

关键词：美国联邦调查局约瑟夫迈阿密打电话

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Caregiver burden is increased in Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-mCI)

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 165-173页

作者： Ann J.Jones Roeline G.Kuijer Leslie Livingston Daniel myall Kyla Horne michael macAskill Toni Pitcher paul T.barrett Tim J.Anderson John C.Dalrymple-Alford New Zealand Brain Research Institute 66 Stewart StreetChristchurch 8011New Zealand Department of Psychology University of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand Department of medicine University of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand Cognadev UK Ltd.SandtonSouth Africa Department of Neurology Christchurch HospitalChristchurchNew Zealand Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence ChristchurchNew Zealand

Background:There is limited evidence on caregiver outcomes associated with mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD-mCI)and the coping strategies used by these ***:To investigate this relationship,we examined levels of burden,depression,anxiety,coping strategies and positive aspects of caregiving in the informal caregivers of 96 PD *** PD patients were classified using mDS-Task Force Level II criteria as showing either normal cognition(PD-N;n=51),PD-mCI(n=30)or with dementia(PDD;n=15).Results:mean Zarit Burden Interview(ZBI)score increased significantly between carers of PD-N(m=13.39,SD=12.22)compared to those of PD-mCI patients(m=22.00,SD=10.8),and between carers of PD-mCI and PDD patients(m=29.33,SD=9.59).moreover,the proportion of carers showing clinically significant levels of burden(ZBI score≥21)also increased as the patients’cognitive status declined(18% for PD-N;60% for PD-mCI;and 80%for PDD)and was mirrored by an increasing amount of time spent providing care by the *** ZBI score was independent of patient neuropsychiatric symptoms,motor function,disease duration and time that caregivers spent *** use of different coping strategies increased with worsening ***,we found only equivocal evidence that the use of problem-focused,emotion-focused and dysfunctional coping mediated the association between patient cognitive status and caregiver burden,because the inverse models that used caregiver burden as the mediator were also ***:The study highlights the impact of Parkinson’s disease on those providing care when the patient’s cognition is poor,including those with *** well-being has important implications for caregiver support,nursing home placement and disease course.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease mild cognitive impairment Zarit caregiver burden interview Coping Depression Anxiety Positive aspects of caregiving

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埃克森早知道，那么接下来呢？

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商业周刊（中文版） 2016年第19期 68-74页

作者： paul m. barrett atthew Philips

美国最大的石油公司埃克森美孚的科学家们早就知道化石燃料的排放将使地球大气层温度升高，而且和其他所有人知道的一样早。调查结果能证明它应该为这些年以来误导公众的行为负责吗？

关键词：埃克森美孚化石燃料石油公司调查结果大气层科学家所有人

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弹劾一位美国总统？谈何容易！

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商业周刊（中文版） 2017年第10期 26-28页

作者： paul m. barrett 程玺

不久之前，特朗普（Trump）总统出其不意地解雇了联邦调查局（FBI）局长詹姆斯·科米（James Comey），令人联想起理查德·尼克松（Richard Nixon）1973年的星期六之夜大屠杀。在随后的一次电视访问中，特朗普将罢免科米与一项针对俄罗... 详细信息

不久之前，特朗普（Trump）总统出其不意地解雇了联邦调查局（FBI）局长詹姆斯·科米（James Comey），令人联想起理查德·尼克松（Richard Nixon）1973年的星期六之夜大屠杀。在随后的一次电视访问中，特朗普将罢免科米与一项针对俄罗斯干涉2016年美国总统大选的未决调查关联了起来，为那些被掩盖的指控添了一把火。接着，特朗普警告科米不要泄密，因为他们在白宫的会面可能留下了“录音”。

关键词：美国总统联邦调查局弹劾特朗普出其不意总统大选詹姆斯尼克松

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母亲、监管部门、生物技术初创公司围绕一种可能救人性命的药物展开的战斗

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商业周刊（中文版） 2014年第22期 100-106页

作者： paul m. barrett Ryan Pfluger

2014年世界杯，令足球登上艾丹·莱弗勒（Aidan Leffler）兴趣榜的首位，仅有两样东西能与之匹敌，其一是濒临灭绝的大型猫科动物——当中又数美洲虎“最酷”，其二是星战宇宙飞船。为了彰显自己的这项新爱好，他在位于华盛顿州贝尔维... 详细信息

2014年世界杯，令足球登上艾丹·莱弗勒（Aidan Leffler）兴趣榜的首位，仅有两样东西能与之匹敌，其一是濒临灭绝的大型猫科动物——当中又数美洲虎“最酷”，其二是星战宇宙飞船。为了彰显自己的这项新爱好，他在位于华盛顿州贝尔维尤市郊的自家后院里搭了个小型足球场，装上了约1．2米宽的球门。“瞧着啊!”他大声喊起来，准备点球射门。

关键词：监管部门生物技术母亲战斗药物人性公司宇宙飞船

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Formidable females redux:male social integration into female networks and the value of dynamic multilayer networks

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 49-57页

作者： Tyler R.BONNELL ChloéVILETTE Christopher YOUNG Stephanus Peter HENZI ouise barrett Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge4401 University DriveLethbridgeT1K 3M4Canada Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit University of South AfricaFloridaGautengSouth Africa Endocrine Research Laboratory Mammal Research InstituteFaculty of Natural and Agricultural ScienceUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

The development of multilayer network techniques is a boon for researchers who wish to understand how different interaction layers might influence each other,and how these in turn might influence group ***,we investigate how integration between male and female grooming and aggression interaction networks influences male power trajectories in vervet monkeys Chlorocebus *** previous analyses of this phenomenon used a monolayer approach,and our aim here is to extend these analyses using a dynamic multilayer *** do so,we constructed a temporal series of male and female interaction *** then used a multivariate multilevel autoregression model to compare cross-lagged associations between a male's centrality in the female grooming layer and changes in male Elo *** results confirmed our original findings:changes in male centrality within the female grooming network were weakly but positively tied to changes in their Elo ***,the multilayer network approach offered additional insights into this social process,identifying how changes in a male's centrality cascade through the other network *** dynamic view indicates that the changes in Elo ratings are likely to be short-lived,but that male centrality within the female network had a much stronger impact throughout the multilayer network as a whole,especially on reducing intermale aggression(i.e.,aggression directed by males toward other males).We suggest that multilayer social network approaches can take advantage of increased amounts of social data that are more commonly collected these days,using a variety of *** data are inherently multilevel and multilayered,and thus offer the ability to quantify more precisely the dynamics of animal social behaviors.

关键词： multilayer networks multilevel multivariate autoregressive model primate social dynamics social networks sociality time-aggregated networks vervet monkeys

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科技自大狂的人才阴谋

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商业周刊（中文版） 2014年第10期 10-11页

作者： paul m paul m. barrett Brad Stone

硅谷企业拥有的巨额财富和歪曲的权力感。

关键词：阴谋人才科技硅谷企业员工工资财富

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