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Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19

World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第19期27卷 2341-2352页

作者： Byungchang jin Rajan Singh Se Eun Ha Hannah Zogg paul j park Seungil Ro Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Nevada School of MedicineRenoNV 89557United States Department of Medicine Renown HealthRenoNV 89557United States

Gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms,such as diarrhea,abdominal pain,vomiting,and anorexia,are frequently observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these GI symptoms to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections remain *** studies indicate that the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into intestinal cells leads to downregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptors resulting in impaired barrier *** intestinal ACE2 functions as a chaperone for the amino acid transporter B0AT1,the B0AT1/ACE2 complex within the intestinal epithelium acts as a regulator of gut microbiota composition and *** to the B0AT1/ACE2 complex lead to microbial dysbiosis through increased local and systemic immune *** studies have also suggested that altered serotonin metabolism may be the underlying cause of GI disorders involving *** findings of elevated plasma serotonin levels and high fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 patients with diarrhea indicate that the viral infection evokes a systemic inflammatory response that specifically involves the ***,the elevated proinflammatory cytokines correlate with elevated serotonin and fecal calprotectin levels further supporting the evidence of GI inflammation,a hallmark of functional GI ***,the finding that rectal swabs of COVID-19 patients remain positive for SARS-CoV-2 even after the nasopharynx clears the virus,suggests that viral replication and shedding from the GI tract may be more robust than that of the respiratory tract,further indicating fecal-oral transmission as another important route of viral *** review summarized the evidence for pathophysiological mechanisms(impaired barrier function,gut inflammation,altered serotonin metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis)underlying the GI symptoms in patients with COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiota dysbiosis Impaired barrier function Serotonin Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor

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内皮素-1促进猪冠状动脉再生内皮释放内皮衍生内过氧化物和血栓素A_2(英文)

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中国药理学报 1999年第10期20卷 872-878页

作者： Seung-jung park john j LEE paul M VANHOUTTE Center for Experimental Therapeutics Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Houston TX 77030 USACenter for Experimental Therapeutics Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Houston TX 77030 USACenter for Experimental Therapeutics Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Houston TX 77030 USA

AIM: To determine the role of endothelium-derivedcontracting factor (EDCF) in the response toendothelin-1 in arteries with regenerated ***: Rings of porcine coronary arteries, withand without endothelium of previously deendothelializedleft anterior descending coronary arteries and native leftcircumflex coronary arteries, were suspended inconventional organ chambers for the measurement ofisometric force. RESULTS: In quiescent rings of thepreviously deendothelialized left anterior

关键词：血管内皮药理冠状血管内皮素-1 吲哚美辛

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MXene ink hosting zinc anode for high performance aqueous zinc metal batteries

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第1期76卷 187-194,I0005页

作者： jae Min park Milan jana Sang Ha Baek Taehun Kang Peixun Xiong jeong Hee park jun Soo Kim Ali Shayesteh Zeraati Mikhail Shekhirev paul V.Braun Yury Gogotsi Ho Seok park School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066SeoburoJangan-guSuwon 440-746Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary2500 University Dr NWCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering Materials Research LaboratoryBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Ilinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA A.j.Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology(SIEST) Sungkyunkwan University2066SeoburoJangan-guSuwon 440-746Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology(SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University 2066SeoburoJangan-guSuwon 440-746Republic of Korea

Despite the safety,low cost,and high theoretical capacity(820 mA h g^(-1))of Zn metal anodes,the practical application of aqueous Zn metal batteries remains a critical challenge due to the Zn dendrite growth,corrosion,and hydrogen evolution ***,we demonstrate the MXene ink hosting Zn metal anodes(MX@Zn)for high-performance and patternable Zn metal full *** as-designed MX@Zn electrode is more facile and reversible than bare Zn and CC@Zn,as verified by better cyclic stability and lower overpotentials of symmetric cells with the plating capacity of 0.05 mA h cm^(-2)at 0.1 m A cm^(-2)and of 1 m A h cm^(-2)at 1 m A cm^(-2).The MX@Zn|MnO_(2)full cells deliver a high specific capacity of 281.9 m A h g^(-1),91.5%of the theoretical capacity,achieving 50%capacity retention from 60 mA g^(-1)to 300 mA g^(-1)and 79.7%of initial capacity after 200 ***,the patterned devices based on the MX@Zn electrode achieve high energy and power densities of 348.57 Wh kg^(-1)and 1556 W kg^(-1),respectively,along with a capacity retention of 64%and Coulombic efficiency of 99%over 500 *** high performance of MX@Zn is attributed to the high electrical conductivity and hydrophilicity of MXene and rapid ion diffusion through the 3D interconnected porous channels.

关键词： MXene ink Zinc anode Metal batteries Patterning Electrodeposition

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Treatment of C2 body fracture with unusual distractive and rotational components resulting in gross instability

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World journal of Orthopedics 2013年第4期4卷 323-326页

作者： Darryl Lau Samuel S Shin Rakesh Patel paul park Department of Neurosurgery University of Michigan Department of Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Michigan

Cervical fractures can result in severe neurological compromise and even death. One of the most commonly injured segments is the C2 vertebrae, which most frequently involves the odontoid process. In this report, we present the unusual case of a 28-year-old female who sustained a C2 vertebral body fracture(comminuted transverse fracture through the body and both transverse processes) that had both a significant distractive and rotational component, causing the fracture to be highly unstable. Application of halo bracing was unsuccessful. The patient subsequently required a C1-C4 posterior spinal fusion. Follow-up computer tomography imaging confirmed fusion and the patient did well clinically thereafter.

关键词： C2 Distractive Odontoid fracture Rotational Spine TypeⅢ Unstable

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Trilobite Biostratigraphy of the lower Paleozoic(Cambrian–Ordovician)joseon Supergroup,Taebaeksan Basin,Korea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第6期90卷 1976-1999页

作者： CHOI Duck K LEE jeong Gu LEE Seung-Bae park,Tae-Yoon S. HONG paul S. Research Institute of Basic Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 151-747Korea Ministry of Science ICTand Future PlanningGwacheon 427-700Korea Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Daejeon 305-350Korea Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon 406-840Korea

In Korea, trilobites are among the most intensively studied fossil groups in the past century and provide invaluable information about lower Paleozoic stratigraphy, paleogeography, and tectonics of the Korean Peninsula. Trilobites occur in the lower Paleozoic joseon Supergroup of the Taebaeksan Basin which was part of the Sino-Korean Craton in the Paleozoic. The joseon Supergroup is divided into the Taebaek, Yeongwol, and Mungyeong groups. The Taebaek and Yeongwol groups are richly fossiliferous, while the Mungyeong Group is poorly fossiliferous. Contrasting trilobite faunal contents of the Taebaek and Yeongwol groups resulted in two separate biostratigraphic schemes for the Cambrian–Ordovician of the Taebaeksan Basin. A total of 22 biozones or fossiliferous horizons were recognized in the Taebaek Group; 19 zones were established in the Yeongwol Group; and four biozones were known from the Mungyeong Group. These trilobite biozones of the Taebaeksan Basin indicate the joseon Supergroup ranges in age from the Cambrian Series 2 to Middle Ordovician and can be correlated well with the formations of North China, South China, and Australia.

关键词： Trilobites biostratigraphy Cambrian–Ordovician Taebaeksan Basin

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REGRESSION MODEL PREDICTING THE APPRAISED UNIT VALUE OF LAND IN SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY BASED ON LEED-NC PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ACCESS CRITERIA

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journal of Green Building 2012年第4期7卷 130-143页

作者： Kiyoung Son Young jun park paul K.Woods Sunkuk Kim Dept.of Architectural Engineering Kyung Hee UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea Dept.of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science Dept.of Construction Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA

As the need for environmental certification systems grows, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction (LEED-NC) is being widely adopted in the US to evaluate the environmental performance of buildings. However, no research has been conducted to investigate its economic impact on appraised land value. The objectives of this study are to quantify the impact of the LEED-NC Credit Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access (PTA) in the sustainable sites category on appraised land value and to develop a regression model that predicts the appraised unit value of parcels. San Francisco County was chosen because of its well-organized transportation systems. First, a LEED-NC map was created to identify PTA-qualified parcels. Second, sample parcels were randomly selected. Last, Pearson’s correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were sequentially performed. The results of this study indicated that the LEED PTA criteria are significant factors associated with an increase in the appraised unit value of parcels within San Francisco County. The findings of this study can encourage real-estate developers to site their projects according to the LEED-NC PTA criteria.

关键词： sustainable development geographic information systems public transportation

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Distraction ligamentotaxis for complex proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocations:a clinical study and themodified pins rubber band traction system revisited

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第3期6卷 234-241页

作者： Cheng Hean Lo Simone H.Nothdurft Hye-Sung park Eldho paul james Leong Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Monash Health(Dandenong Hospital)135 David StDandenongVictoria 3175Australia Monash Health(Dandenong Hospital) 135 David StDandenongVictoria 3175Australia Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash University553 St Kilda RoadMelbourneVictoria 3004Australia Department of Surgery Monash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria 3800Australia

Background:The purpose of this study is to present our experience with the modified pins and rubber band traction system, discuss problems encountered, and make recommendations to optimize outcomes. Methods:Data was collected prospectively from November 2013 to March 2017 at a tertiary referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Patients with closed complex proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocations that were considered unsuitable for other surgical options were included in the study. Patients underwent dynamic skeletal distraction using the modified (Deshmukh) pins rubber band traction system. Outcomes were measured using the Nominal Rating Scale for pain;Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score;active and passive range of motion;patient rating scale;and complications. Results:Twenty patients underwent the procedure, and 19 were included in analyses. At the final follow-up assessment, an average of 62° and 77° was achieved for proximal interphalangeal joint active and passive range of motion, respectively. Pain levels were low (median score of 0 at rest and 1 ranging, out of 10). Four patients suffered minor pin site infections. Conclusion:Distraction ligamentotaxis is a useful part of the armamentarium, especially in the absence of more suitable procedures. It is important to select appropriate patients, educate, and ensure adherence to postoperative therapy. Employing the Deshmukh frame modification streamlines the theatre processes, and removal of wires at approximately 4 weeks minimizes risk of pin site infection.

关键词： Intra-articular fracture dislocations Proximal interphalangeal Pins rubber band distraction Ligamentotaxis

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Design of multi-functional dual hole patterned carbon nanotube composites with superhydrophobicity and durability

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Nano Research 2013年第6期6卷 389-398页

作者： Sung-Hoon park Eun-Hyoung Cho jinseung Sohn paul Theilmann Kunmo Chu Sunghee Lee Yoonchul Sohn Dongouk Kim Byunghoon Kim Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Yong-in 446-712 R. O. Korea Department of Electrical Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA

Most current research on nanocomposites has focused on their bulk attributes, i.e., electrical, microwave, thermal, and mechanical properties. In practical applications, surface properties such as robustness against environmental contamination are critical design considerations if intrinsic properties are to be maintained. The aim of this research is to combine the bulk properties of nanocomposites with the superhydrophobic surface properties provided by imprinting techniques to create a single multi-functional system with enhanced bulk properties. We report the development of a highly conductive superhydrophobic nanotube composite, which is directly superimposed with a durable dual hole pattern through imprinting techniques. The dual hole pattern avoids the use of high slenderness ratio structures resulting in a surface which is robust against physical damage. Its stable superhydrophobic properties were characterized both theoretically and experimentally. By incorporating high aspect ratio carbon nanotubes （CNTs）, the dual patterned composites can also be effectively used for anti-icing and deicing applications where their superhydrophobic surface suppresses ice formation and their quick electric heating response at low voltage eliminates remaining frost. In addition, superior electromagnetic interference （EMI） shielding effectiveness （SE） was attained, with one of the highest values ever reported in the literature.

关键词： dual hole nanoimprint lithography superhydrophobic arbon nanotube durability multifunction

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Stress, hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition： functional correlations

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第3期11卷 182-192页

作者： paul j. Lucassen Charlotte A. Oomen Centre for Neuroscienee Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchNeuroscience Campus Amsterdam VU University Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1085 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands

The brain of many species including humans, harbors stem cells that continue to generate new neurons up into adulthood. This form of structural plasticity occurs in a limited number of brain regions, i.e. the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus and is regulated by environmental and hormonal factors. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the effects of stress and glucocorticoid hormones on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and discuss how these effects may be relevant for cognitive function and possibly, brain disease. While its exact functional role remains elusive, adult neurogenesis has been implicated in learning and memory, fear and mood regulation and recently, adult-born neurons were found to be involved in specific cognitive functions such as pattern separation （i.e. the ability to form unique memory representations） and cognitive flexibility. The process of adult neurogenesis is influenced by several factors; whereas e.g. exercise stimulates, exposure to stress and stress hormones generally inhibit neurogenesis. Effects of acute, mild stress are generally short-lasting and recover quickly, but chronic or severe forms of stress can induce lasting reductions in adult neurogenesis. Some of the inhibitory effects of stress can be rescued by exercise, by allowing a period of recovery from stress, by drugs that target the stress system, or by some, but not all, antidepressants. Stress may, partly through its effects on adult neurogenesis, alter structure and plasticity of the hippocampal circuit. This can lead to subsequent changes in stress responsivity and aspects of memory processing, which may be particularly relevant for stress related psychopathology or brain diseases that involve perturbed memory processing.

关键词： adult neurogenesis stem cells hippocampus stress memory pattern separation cognition

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Tomato expressing Arabidopsis glutaredoxin gene AtGRXS17 confers tolerance to chilling stress via modulating cold responsive components

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 60-70页

作者： Ying Hu Qingyu Wu Stuart A Sprague jungeun park Myungmin Oh C B Rajashekar Hisashi Koiwa paul A Nakata Ninghui Cheng Kendal D Hirschi Frank F White Sunghun park Department of Horticulture Forestryand Recreation ResourcesKansas State UniversityManhattan66506KSUSA Department of Horticultural Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station77843TXUSA United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Department of PediatricsChildren’s Nutrition Research CenterBaylor College of MedicineHouston77030TXUSA Department of Plant Pathology Kansas State UniversityManhattan66506KSUSA Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY 11724USA Present address:Department of Horticultural Science Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 361-763South Korea Department of Plant Pathology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA

Chilling stress is a production constraint of tomato,a tropical origin,chilling-sensitive horticultural *** development of chilling tolerant tomato thus has significant potential to impact tomato ***(GRXs)are ubiquitous oxidoreductases,which utilize the reducing power of glutathione to reduce disulfide bonds of substrate proteins and maintain cellular redox ***,we report that tomato expressing Arabidopsis GRX gene AtGRXS17 conferred tolerance to chilling stress without adverse effects on growth and ***17-expressing tomato plants displayed lower ion leakage,higher maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II(Fv/Fm)and increased accumulation of soluble sugar compared with wild-type plants after the chilling stress ***,chilling tolerance was correlated with increased antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced H2O2 *** the same time,temporal expression patterns of the endogenous C-repeat/DRE-binding factor 1(SlCBF1)and CBF mediated-cold regulated genes were not altered in AtGRXS17-expressing plants when compared with wild-type plants,and proline concentrations remained unchanged relative to wild-type plants under chilling *** fluorescent protein-AtGRXS17 fusion proteins,which were initially localized in the cytoplasm,migrated into the nucleus during chilling stress,reflecting a possible role of AtGRXS17 in nuclear signaling of chilling stress ***,our findings demonstrate that genetically engineered tomato plants expressing AtGRXS17 can enhance chilling tolerance and suggest a genetic engineering strategy to improve chilling tolerance without yield penalty across different crop species.

关键词： expressing stress S17

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