Stress, hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition： functional correlations

作     者：Paul J. Lucassen Charlotte A. Oomen 

作者机构：Centre for Neuroscienee Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchNeuroscience Campus Amsterdam VU University Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1085 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands 

出 版 物：《Frontiers in Biology》 (生物学前沿（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2016年第11卷第3期

页      面：182-192页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 071009[理学-细胞生物学] 09[农学] 071006[理学-神经生物学] 0901[农学-作物学] 090102[农学-作物遗传育种] 

主　　题：adult neurogenesis stem cells hippocampus stress memory pattern separation cognition 

摘      要：The brain of many species including humans, harbors stem cells that continue to generate new neurons up into adulthood. This form of structural plasticity occurs in a limited number of brain regions, i.e. the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus and is regulated by environmental and hormonal factors. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the effects of stress and glucocorticoid hormones on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and discuss how these effects may be relevant for cognitive function and possibly, brain disease. While its exact functional role remains elusive, adult neurogenesis has been implicated in learning and memory, fear and mood regulation and recently, adult-born neurons were found to be involved in specific cognitive functions such as pattern separation （i.e. the ability to form unique memory representations） and cognitive flexibility. The process of adult neurogenesis is influenced by several factors; whereas e.g. exercise stimulates, exposure to stress and stress hormones generally inhibit neurogenesis. Effects of acute, mild stress are generally short-lasting and recover quickly, but chronic or severe forms of stress can induce lasting reductions in adult neurogenesis. Some of the inhibitory effects of stress can be rescued by exercise, by allowing a period of recovery from stress, by drugs that target the stress system, or by some, but not all, antidepressants. Stress may, partly through its effects on adult neurogenesis, alter structure and plasticity of the hippocampal circuit. This can lead to subsequent changes in stress responsivity and aspects of memory processing, which may be particularly relevant for stress related psychopathology or brain diseases that involve perturbed memory processing.