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The rise of 3D cellular spheroids: efficient culture via upward growth from a superamphiphobic surface

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1068-1069页

作者： paul J.Dyson Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Cell culture assays are extensively used in drug discovery and development programs, biomedical research, and in many others areas of science. Currently,2D monolayer cellular assays serve as the gold standard. However, while they provide seemingly indispensable information on drug activity, it is estimated that of the putative drug candidates selected

关键词： The rise of 3D cellular spheroids efficient culture via upward growth from a superamphiphobic surface

Geochemical characteristics of saturate hydrocar-bons in crude oils and source rocks of the Qaidam,Tarim,Tupran basins,NW China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2012年第3期31卷 264-275页

作者： ZHANG Min paul Philp Department of Geochemistry Yangtze UniversityJingzhou434023China The Key Laboratory of Oil&Gas Resources and Exploration Technology Ministry of EducationYangtze UniversityJingzhou434023China School of Geology and Geophysics University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA

Based on the systematic analyses of fifteen typical crude oils and ten typical potential source rocks col-lected from the Qaidam,Tarim and Turpan basins,Northwest China,the geochemical characteristics of the oils and source rocks were investigated and oil-source rock correlations *** oils and source rocks deposited in saline lacustrine environment from the western Qaidam Basin were characterized by n-alkanes with even car-bon-number preference in the C20-C28 range,low pristane/phytane(Pr/Ph) ratios(less than 0.5),and high abundances of C27 steranes,gammacerane and C35 *** oils and source rocks deposited in marine environment from the Tarim Basin were characterized by n-alkanes with even carbon-number preference in the C14-C18 range,relatively low Pr/Ph ratios(near to 1),high abundance of C28 steranes,and relatively high *** contrast,the oils and source rocks deposited in terrigenous bog environment from the Turpan Basin were characterized by relatively high Pr/Ph ratios(oil samples greater than 6) high abundance of C29 steranes,and relatively low gammacerane and C31-35 *** higher amounts of C37 and C38 n-alkanes of source rocks from the western Qaidam Basin and the Tarim Basin suggest an origin of these alkanes from functionalized C37 and C38 n-alkadienes and alkenones in prymnesiophytes living in lacustrine and marine ***-source rock correlations suggest oils in the west-ern Qaidam Basin were derived from the Oligocene Lower Ganchaigou Formation(E3),oils in the Tabei and Tazhong uplifts from the Tarim Basin have a genetic relationship with the Middle-Upper Ordovician source *** in the Turpan Basin generally fall into two genetic *** oils in the Taibei depression from the Turpan Basin were derived from the Lower-Middle Jurassic coal measures,but the fewer oils in this region are a mixed source derived from the Lower-Middle Jurassic coal measure and the Upper Permian source rocks.

关键词：地球化学特征塔里木盆地柴达木盆地中国西北地区烃源岩碳氢化合物原油吐鲁番盆地

Environmental Arsenic and Selenium Contamination and Approaches Towards Its Bioremediation Through the Exploration of Microbial Adaptations:A Review

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Pedosphere 2019年第5期29卷 554-568页

作者： Tanmoy paul Nimai Chandra SAHA National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Kolkata 700010 (India) Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory (Vice-Chancellor}s Research Group) Department of ZoologyThe University of BurdwanBurdwan 713104 (India)

Bioaccumulation of selenium and arsenic resulting from geogenic activities and aggravated by anthropogenic actions has now become a serious environmental issue. Different parts of the world are experiencing issues of selenium and arsenic contamination, especially in soil and ground water. The present selenium and arsenic contamination scenario has been well represented in contemporary literature, and there are an array of remediation techniques targeting the decontamination of environmental contamination. The use of microbe-mediated remediation of selenium and arsenic contamination is gaining scientific attention for sustainable environmental bioremediation. The present review elucidates the different aspects of selenium and arsenic contamination, bioaccumulation, and bioremediation with implications for successful decontamination of these heavy metals.

关键词： bioaccumulation biogeochemistry chemical species contaminant decontamination heavy metal microbial remediation microorganism

Controlling the decision to fight or flee： the roles of biogenic amines and nitric oxide in the cricket

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 265-275页

作者： paul A. STEVENSON Jan RILLICH Institute for Biology Leipzig University Talstr. 33 04103 Leipzig 6ermany

Aggression is a common behavioral strategy employed by animals to secure limited resources, but must be applied with restraint to limit potential costs including injury. How animals make the adap- tive decision to fight or flee is barely known. Here, we review our work on crickets that reveals the roles of biogenic amines, primarily octopamine （the insect analog of noradrenaline） and nitric oxide （NO）. Using aminergic drugs, we found that amines are not essential for actually initiating aggres- sion. However, octopamine is necessary for mediating the aggression-promoting effects of poten- tially rewarding experiences including stimulation with a male antenna, physical exertion, winning, and resource possession. Hence, octopamine can be considered as the motivational component of aggression. Imposed handicaps that impede aggressive signaling revealed that the agonistic actions of an opponent perceived during fighting act to reduce aggression, and that crickets make the deci- sion to flee the moment the accumulated sum of such aversive experiences exceeds some critical level. Treatment with nitridergic drugs revealed that the impact of the opponent＇s aggressive actions is mediated by NO. NO acts to suppress aggression by promoting the tendency to flee and is primarily responsible for the depressed aggressiveness of subordinates after social defeat. Octopamine and dopamine can each restore aggression in subordinates, but only dopamine is necessary for normal recovery. The role of serotonin remains unclear, and is discussed. We conclude that octopamine and NO control the decision to fight or flee by mediating the effects of potentially rewarding and aversive experiences, respectively.

关键词： agonistic behavior agonistic signals assessment decision-making experience-dependent plasticity insects neuro-modulation octopamine social behavior.

The Interface Between Pragmatics and Conversation Analysis

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外国语 2018年第1期41卷 2-22页

作者： paul Drew Loughborough University UK

In his authoritative and brilliant account of Pragmatics,Levinson(1983)included Conversation Analysis(CA)firmly as part of *** have perhaps been more cautious,even sceptical,about whether CA is really relevant to the Pragmatics programme;and it has to be said that some conversation analysts have been rather stand-offish about being associated with Pragmatics,regarding CA’s programme as very different from that of *** there are many differences and divergences between CA and Pragmatics,my own view is that CA shares with Pragmatics a number of focal interests that lie at or close to the heart of *** I will explore some connections between them,focusing on the contributions CA makes to our understanding of the pragmatics of language use,especially in three of the foundational areas of Pragmatics—namely Implicature(*** Grice 1975),Speech Acts(social action)(*** Austin 1962 and Searle 1969)and Presupposition and Well-Formedness(*** Lakoff1971).I will show examples that demonstrate the distinctiveness of CA’s approach to these core pragmatic aspects of language use—in the spirit of demonstrating how CA’s approach complements and does not detract from approaches in Pragmatics.

关键词： conversation analysis sequential approach empirical complement pragmatics

Influencing domain of peripheral sources in the urban heavy pollution process of Beijing

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 565-575页

作者： KANG Shichang paul A. Mayewski Climate Change Institute University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA

The effect of city’s peripheral pollution sources is one of the key issues urgent to be solved in the decision-making of Beijing’s environmental pollution control. This paper comprehensively analyses the surface observations, and the satellite remote sensing data of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) during the Beijing City Atmospheric Pollution Experiment (BECAPEX) from January to March, 2001, presents an "upstream" wind field resultant vector method for tracing peripheral pollution sources, and finds that the features of the urban heavy pollution processes of Beijing are significantly correlated with the impact of the emission sources of southern peripheral cities, and the pollutants transferred northwards from distant upstream sources are retarded by the U-shaped "Valley" topography in Beijing’s periphery. The two factors are responsible for the formation of the S-N zonal influencing domain of pollutants from the southern peripheral areas to Beijing. The paper also comprehensively analyses the features of flow field in the heavy pollution process in the Beijing region, and compares the heavy pollution process with samples of good air-quality days from January to March, 2001. The experiment of Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT-4) further reveals the diffusion trajectory of pollutants of the cities in Hebei and Shandong provinces and Tianjin city in the heavy pollution process of Beijing, and the simulations of the Regional Atmosphere Model System (RAMS) confirm the possible contribution of peripheral sources to the exceptionally heavy pollution process of the urban area of Beijing, thus revealing that the input of pollutants from southern peripheral cities is one of the important factors responsible for aggravating urban heavy pollution processes.

关键词： city's periphery, distant transfer, pollutants transfer, dynamic diffusion, influencing source.

Subdifferentials of Distance Functions,Approximations and Enlargements

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第3期23卷 507-520页

作者： Jean-paul PENOT Robert RATSIMAHALO Department of Mathematics Faculty of Sciencesav.de l'Université BP 115564013 PA U CédexFrance Business Unit:Bank and Financials SODIFRANCE104 rue Castagnary75015 ParisFrance

In this work, we study some subdifferentials of the distance function to a nonempty nonconvex closed subset of a general Banach space. We relate them to the normal cone of the enlargements of the set which can be cons... 详细信息

关键词： Distance function Normal cone Regularization Subdifferential

Sizing and performance features of rotary and reciprocating positive displacement pumps

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排灌机械工程学报 2014年第12期32卷 1013-1022页

作者： Cooper paul Fluid Machinery Research Inc. TitusvilleNew Jersey 08560USA

An overview of some popular rotary and reciprocating positive displacement( PD) pump types is given with the objective of presenting and comparing the respective sizing relationships and performance features. Reciprocating pumps discussed are the piston and plunger types. Rotary pumps addressed are gear( external and internal),vane,lobe,screw,and liquid ring pumps. To put the relative pump sizes in perspective,attention is fixed on the rotors or reciprocating elements of PD pumps,just as impellers indicate the sizes of rotodynamic pumps. The size of a PD pump is found from a dimensionless combination of displacement flow rate,rotative speed and diameter. The flow rate,head( or pressure rise) and power are related through the component efficiencies. The cavitation coefficient,often close to unity,connects the rotor tip speed or piston speed with the required NPSH,which can also be affected by the pressure rise of the pump due to leakage across the internal clearances. Operational effects due to cavitation,ingestion of gas or abrasives,and viscous and non-Newtonian fluids are discussed.

关键词： positive displacement pumps rotary reciprocating rotor sizing required NPSH

Smoothness of the Functional Law Generated by a Nonlinear SPDE

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2008年第2期29卷 113-120页

作者： Marta SANZ-SOL paul MALLIAVIN Facultat de Matemàtiques Universitat de BarcelonaGran Via 585E-08007 BarcelonaSpain. 10 rue Saint Louis-en-I'IleF-74004 ParisFrance

The authors consider a stochastic heat equation in dimension d=1 driven by an additive space time white noise and having a mild *** is proved that the functional law of its solution is absolutely continuous and posses... 详细信息

关键词： Stochastic heat equation Probability law Absolute continuity Divergence operator Gradient operator