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当今的世界史概念

全球史评论 2008年第1期 152-170页

作者：杰瑞·h.本特利孙岳夏威夷大学历史系

E.h.卡尔在其经典著作《历史是什么?》(1961)中把历史研究看作是"现世与过去不间断的对话"。40年后,大卫·坎纳丁等结集出版了上述著作的纪念文集《当今的历史概念》(2001),评述当今史学研究的发展状况。本文拟对坎纳丁文集作些补充,谈... 详细信息

E.h.卡尔在其经典著作《历史是什么?》(1961)中把历史研究看作是"现世与过去不间断的对话"。40年后,大卫·坎纳丁等结集出版了上述著作的纪念文集《当今的历史概念》(2001),评述当今史学研究的发展状况。本文拟对坎纳丁文集作些补充,谈谈卡尔时代以来早已确立为专业史学一个重要分支学科的世界史研究现状。本文集中讨论世界史研究的三个突出贡献:建构大规模地理概念以替代民族国家作为历史研究的框架并将其历史化;致力分析跨文化互动交流的大规模历史过程;为全球史发掘超越欧洲中心观的理论构想。作者认为,世界史研究的上述贡献加深并丰富了世人对全球历史的理解,并进而对史学理论和史学研究产生重大的影响。

关键词：世界史全球史大规模地理概念历史过程欧洲中心观

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Early clinical outcomes of two regimens of proph.lactic antibiotics in cardiac surgical patients with.delayed sternal closure

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第3期13卷 32-41页

作者： Mah.oud Ismail Allam Eissa Rash. Kaddoura Danial h.ssan Cornelia S carr Samy h.noura Yasser Sh.uman Abdulwah.d Almulla Amr Salah.Omar Department of Cardioth.racic Surgery Hamad Medical CooperationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Anesth.sia and Intensive Care Al-Azhar UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Department of Ph.rmacy Heart HospitalHamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of h.alth.are Profession Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthMinistry of Public HealthBostonMA 3050United States Department of Surgery Qatar UniversityDoha 3050Qatar Department of Cardiac Anesth.sia Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Anesth.sia Weill Cornell Medical College in QatarDoha 3050Qatar Department of Critical Care Medicine Beni Suef UniversityBeni Suef 62521Egypt Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College in QatarDoha 3050Qatar

BACKGROUND Delayed sternal closure(DSC)can be a lifesaving approach.for certain patients wh. h.ve undergone cardiac *** value of th. type of proph.lactic antibiotics in DSC is still *** To investigate clinical outcomes of different proph.lactic antibiotic regimens in patients wh. h.d DSC after cardiac *** Th.s was a retrospective observational single-center ***-th.ee consecutive patients wh. underwent cardiac surgery and h.d an indication for DSC were *** were subjected to two regimens of antibiotics:Narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum *** Th. main outcome measures were length.of h.spital and intensive care unit(ICU)stay,duration of mech.nical ventilation,and *** th. 53 patients,12(22.6%)received narrow-spectrum antibiotics,and 41(77.4%)received broad-spectrum *** mean age was 59.0±12.1 years,with.ut significant differences between th. *** mean duration of antibiotic use was significantly longer in th. broad-spectrum th.n th. narrowspectrum group(11.9±8.7 vs 3.4±2.0 d,Ph. median duration of open ch.st was 3.0(2.0-5.0)d for all patients,with.no difference between groups(P=0.146).Th. median duration of mech.nical ventilation was significantly longer in th. broad-spectrum group[60.0(Δinterquartile range(IQR)170.0)h.vs 50.0(ΔIQR 113.0)h.P=0.047].Similarly,th. median length.of stay for both.ICU and h.spital were significantly longer in th. broadspectrum group[7.5(ΔIQR 10.0)d vs 5.0(ΔIQR 5.0)d,P=0.008]and[27.0(ΔIQR 30.0)d vs 19.0(ΔIQR 21.0)d,P=0.031].Five(9.8%)patients were readmitted to th. ICU and 18(34.6%)patients died with.ut a difference between *** Proph.lactic broad-spectrum antibiotics did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with.DSC post-cardiac surgery but was associated with.longer ventilation duration,length.of ICU and h.spital stays vs narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

关键词： Cardiac surgery Delayed sternal closure Intensive care Open ch.st Proph.lactic antibiotics

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L—h.叉动力学

国外核聚变与等离子体应用 1995年第2期 56-59,45页

作者： carr.,BA 万树德

采用流动敏感去相位预平衡稳态自由进动序列对手行非增强MR血管成像:系统性硬化症的初步研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2011年第3期 290-291页

作者： J.J.Sh.eh.n A.h.Davarpanah.P.A.h.dnett J.Varga J.C.carr 赵芳 Division of Cardiovascular Imaging Northwestern Memorial Hospital

目的对系统性硬化症病人手的流动敏感去相位(FSD)MR血管成像与增强MR血管成像的影像质量和血管狭窄程度进行评价。材料与方法此单中心研究经伦理审查

关键词： MR FSD 空间分辨率时间分辨率空间分辨力血管成像系统性硬化症相位

Th. Force-free Configuration of th. Flux Ropes in Geomagnetotail

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The Force-free Configuration of the Flux Ropes in Geomagneto...

关于RENAAL和LIFE研究中糖尿病受试者因新发心衰住院的研究

中国空间科学学会空间物理学专业委员会第十五届全国日地空间物理学研讨会

作者： Y.Y.Yang C.Sh.n Y.C.Zh.ng Z.J.Rong X.Li M.Dunlop Y.h.Ma Z.X.Liu C.M.carr State Key Laboratoryof Space Weath.r National Space Science Center\Center for Space Science and Applied ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Ionosph.ric Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Atmosph.re and Space Ph.sics University of ColoradoBoulderUSA Ruth.rford Appleton Laboratory ChiltonDIDCOTOxfordshire OX11 0QXUnited Kingdom Space Science Institute Macau University of Science and Technology Imperial College of Science Technology and MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom

Unambiguous knowledge of th. magnetic field structures and electric current distributions are critical for understanding th. origin,evolution and th. dynamic properties of magnetic flux *** th.s research.with.th. multi-point measurements of Cluster and th. associated analysis meth.ds,13 cases of flux ropes in magnetotail are *** is found th.t,th.re is generally a core field in one flux rope;th. axis-orientation is mainly with.n magnetic equatorial ***,th. magnetic field gradient is weak near th. axis center wh.re th. curvature radius is generally *** th. center part of th. flux ropes,th. current density is approximately field-aligned and about proportional to th. strength.of core *** magnetic field strength.and current density are becoming strong near th. ***,0%of th. flux ropes can be approximately described as force free *** one flux rope,th. force free structure is mainly concentrated on finite area around th. *** stronger th. current density,th. more force free th. flux ropes *** force free magnetic structure tends to appear in low beta portion,wh.ch.is in agreement with.th. th.oretic results.A quasi-force free index is presented to measure th. force free nature.

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(心脏病学分册) 2006年第4期 47-48页

作者： carr A.A. Kowey P.R. Devereux R.B. 刘宇 Circulatory Disease Center Augusta GA United States Dr.

We sough. to study th. risk factors for h.art failure(h.)and th. relation between antih.pertensive treatment with.losartan and th. first h.spitalization for h. in patients with.diabetes mellitus in th. Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in h.pertension(LIFE)and Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with.th. Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan(RENAAL)studies. We evaluated 1,195 patients with.h.ypertension, left ventricular h.pertroph., and diabetes from th. LIFE study and 1,513 patients with.type 2 diabetes and neph.opath. from th. RENAAL study. Th. c omparative treatments were atenolol in th. LIFE study and placebo in th. RENAAL study. Patients with.a h.story of h. were excluded from th.s analysis. Losartan significantly reduced th. incidence of first h.spitalizations for h. versus plac ebo in th. RENAAL study(h.zard ratio 0.74, p=0.037)and versus atenolol in th. LI FE study(h.zard ratio 0.57, p=0.019). Patients enrolled in th. RENAAL study were at a h.gh.r risk of developing h.(h.zard ratio for RENAAL vs LIFE diabetics 3.0 , ph. significant, independent baseline risk factors for th. develop ment of h. in th. RENAAL study were urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, age, perip h.ral vascular disease, th. Cornell product, body mass index, and previous angin a; in th. LIFE study th.y were th. Cornell product, previous myocardial infarcti on, periph.ral vascular disease, baseline atrial fibrillation, alcoh.l use(inver se relation), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Th. beneficial effect of losartan on th. red uction of risk for h.spitalization for new h. was demonstrated in patients wh. w ere at h.gh.renal and/or h.gh.cardiovascular risk.

关键词：心衰 LIFE 阿替洛尔

CLUSTER卫星观测的极尖区尾侧高纬通量传输事件

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CLUSTER卫星观测的极尖区尾侧高纬通量传输事件

CRL4Wdr70 facilitates ch.omatin recruitment of Exo1 to promote long-range resection of double strand breaks

中国地球物理学会第十八届年会

作者：赵华 K.Sch.ingensch.h.T.L.Zh.ng A.Balogh.C.carr h.Reme C.P.Escoubet 刘振兴中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 Space Research.Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesGrazAustria Space Research.Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesGrazAustria Th. Blackett Laboratory Imperrial CollegeLondonU.K. Th. Blackett Laboratory Imperrial CollegeLondonU.K. CESR BP 434631028 Toulouse Cedex 4France ESA/ESTEC SCI-SOKeplerlaanl2200 AG NoordwijkThe Netherlands 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心

＜正＞向阳面磁层顶的重联作为太阳风与磁层重要的相互作用过程已广为接受,许多的观测结果也表明,向阳面磁层顶重联的重联率是非稳定的。重联是以爆发的形式发生,时间尺度约为1～2min。当行星际磁场南向时,平均10min发生一次重联。近...

＜正＞向阳面磁层顶的重联作为太阳风与磁层重要的相互作用过程已广为接受,许多的观测结果也表明,向阳面磁层顶重联的重联率是非稳定的。重联是以爆发的形式发生,时间尺度约为1～2min。当行星际磁场南向时,平均10min发生一次重联。近期许多工作集中在研究行星际磁场北向时极尖区尾侧高纬磁层顶发生重联和通量传输事件的可能性（Kessel,et al,1996;Onsager,et aL,2001）。CLUSTER四颗全同卫星的成功发射,为我们研究高纬磁重联提供了非常难得的机会。我们在本文中主要利用CLUSTER卫星上磁强计（FGM）、离子谱仪的观测数据,分析四颗卫星在高纬磁层顶附近同时观测FTE事件的特性。

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CRL4Wdr70 facilitates chromatin recruitment of Exo1 to promo...