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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2012年第2期11卷 257-268页

作者： paudyal y.r. yatabe r. Bhandary N.P. Dahal r.K. Geo-disaster research Laboratory Graduate School of Science and EngineeringEhime UniversityEhimeMatsuyamaJapan

Past researchers have anticipated the occurrence of a great earthquake in the central Himalayas in the near *** may cause serious damage in the Kathmandu Valley,which sits on an ancient lake bed zone,with lacustrine sediments of more than 500 m *** this study,the predominant frequency of ground motion is evaluated using the Horizontal-to-Vertical (H/V) spectral ratio technique and recordings of ambient *** results of the H/V ratio show two peaks in about 20 percent of the locations,which are distributed mainly in and around the center and northern part of the Kathmandu *** predominant frequencies vary from 0.5 Hz to 8.9 Hz in the study area,whereas the second resonance fiequency varies from 4 Hz to 6 Hz in the center and northern part of the *** indicates that the center and northern part of the valley have a wide range of resonance frequency due to two levels of impedance contrast- one may be from the surface lay.r.and the other may be from the lay.r.*** two levels of resonance indicate the importance of considering the effects of surface and lower lay.r. during the planning and designing of infrastructures in the Kathmandu Valley.

关键词： microtremor predominant frequency resonance Kathmandu Valley

On the spatio-temporal variation in b-value after 25 April 2015 Gorkha,Nepal earthquake

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第5期13卷 525-533页

作者： ram Krishna Tiwari Harihar paudyal Daya Shanker Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal Birendra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan UniversityBharatpurChitwanNepal Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkeeUttarakhandIndia

In the present study,the spatial-temporal distribution of b-value along the five faults area(the Judi fault,Thaple fault,Kathmandu fault,Motihari-Gauri Shanker fault,and Motihari-Everest fault)was investigated after the Gorkha earthquake(M7.8).The earthquake catalog of 10,500 events was prepared by compiling the published *** study area is bounded in the central Himalaya from 26.5°to 29°in latitude direction and 84°to 87°in longitude *** frequency magnitude distribution shows the variation of the b-value along with fault areas from 0.45 to 0.69,indicating a common characteristic of aftershock *** particular,the Judi fault area,Thaple fault area,and Motihari-Everest fault area are characterized by the low b-values of 0.45±0.02,0.48±0.02,and 0.55±0.04,*** regions could be the source region for future *** low b-value observed for fault areas are also consistent with the thrust faulting pattern in the region as indicated by the focal mechanism of mainshock and major *** temporal variation of b-value shows inevitable fluctuations during25 April to 12 May *** the area selected,the Motihari-Everest fault area is in critical strain(mechanically locked)conditions,as indicated by the stepwise energy.r.lease pattern.

关键词： Frequency-magnitude distribution Time series analysis Thrust fault Stress Central Himalaya

Motive-based segmentation of international tourists at Gaurishankar Conservation Area,Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第1期18卷 205-218页

作者： rojan BANIyA Brijesh THAPA ramesh paudyal Suman Shree NEUPANE Department of Tourism Hospitality and Event ManagementUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611-8208USA School of Hospitality and Tourism Management Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA School of Forest resources and Conservation University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Kathmandu Forestry College Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44600Nepal

Gaurishankar Conservation Area(GCA)is a recently established natural-based protected area in Nepal,which has witnessed an increase in international *** optimize visitor experience,it is essential to examine motivations to visit along with visitors’characteristics and behavioral *** purpose of this study was to examine international tourists via a motive-based segmentation approach for *** addition,the study also intended to identify visitor segments’profile characteristics such as socio-demographic,travel behaviors,satisfaction,loyalty intention,and their willingness to pay for higher entrance ***(N=121)were collected among international tourists visiting GCA either as a primary destination or as a transit *** identified three distinct segments of visitors–‘local art and culture enthusiast’,‘escapist’,and‘nature adventurer.’Each cluster was different with regards to their sociodemographics,travelbehavior,satisfaction,willingness to revisit and recommend,and willingness to pay to support the environment and cultural resources,and local *** insights gained from motive-based segmentation can be beneficial to GCA to develop specific products and promotions and incorporate visitor monitoring&management programs.

关键词： Nature-based tourism Parks Protected areas Motivations Motive-based segmentation Visitor management

Electron-phonon coupling and spin fluctuations in the Ising superconductor NbSe_(2)

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1686-1694页

作者： S.Das H.paudyal E.r.Margine D.F.Agterberg I.I.Mazin Department of Physics and Astronomy George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Quantum Science and Engineering Center George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Department of Physics Applied Physicsand AstronomyBinghamton University-SUNYBinghamtonNY 13902USA Department of Physics University of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53201USA

Ising superconductivity,observed in NbSe2 and similar materials,has generated tremendous ***,attention was called to the possible role that spin fluctuations(SF)play in this phenomenon,in addition to the dominant electron–phonon coupling(EPC);the possibility of a predominantly triplet state was discussed and led to a conjecture of viable singlet–triplet Leggett ***,these hypotheses have not been put to a quantitative *** this paper,we report first principle calculations of the EPC and also estimate coupling with SF,including full momentum *** find that:(1)EPC is strongly anisotropic,largely coming from the K-K0 scattering,and therefore excludes triplet symmetry even as an excited state;(2)superconductivity is substantially weakened by SF,but anisotropy.r.mains as above;and,(3)we do find the possibility of a Leggett mode,not in a singlet–triplet but in an s_(++)–s_(±)channel.

关键词： coupling phonon superconductivity

Gorkha earthquake (MW7.8) and aftershock sequence: A fractal approach

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Earthquake Science 2022年第3期35卷 193-204页

作者： ram Krishna Tiwari Harihar paudyal Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmandu 44618Nepal Birendra Multiple Campus Tribhuvan UniversityBharatpurChitwan 44200Nepal

On April 25, 2015, Nepal was struck by the MW7.8 Gorkha earthquake followed by an intense aftershock sequence. It was one of the most destructive earthquakes in the Himalayan arc, causing more than 8900 fatalities. In this study, we analyzed the dataset (429 events, magnitude of completeness (Mc) ≥ 4.2 local magnitude) of the first 45 days after the Gorkha earthquake to estimate the seismicity parameters b-value, D-value, and p-value. We used the maximum likelihood method to estimate the b-value and Omori-Utsu parameters, whereas the correlation integral method was applied to estimate the fractal dimension (D-value). The analysis was carried out using running and sliding window techniques. The lowest b-value (0.57 ± 0.04) and the highest D-value (1.65 ± 0.02) were computed at the time of the Gorkha earthquake, after which the b-value significantly increased to a maximum of 1.57. It again dropped to 0.93 at the time of the major aftershock on May 12, 2015. The D-value showed an initial quick drop and then decreased in a wavy pattern until the end of the study period, indicating the clustering and scattering of earthquakes in a fault region. The b-value contour map identified the eastern part of the study area as a high stress region (b = ~0.8), implying that the stress shifted to that region. The D-value contour map reveals that the seismogenic structure shifted from linear to planar in the region. The rate of aftershock decay (p = 0.86 ± 0.04) for a short period reflects that the level of stress decreased rapidly. This study helps to understand the level of stress and seismicity pattern of a region, which could be useful for aftershock studies.

关键词： Omori-Utsu law correlation integral fractal dimension b-value central Himalaya

Insights into mercury in glacier snow and its incorporation into meltwater runoff based on observations in the southern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 130-142页

作者： Shiwei Sun Shichang Kang Junming Guo Qianggong Zhang rukumesh paudyal Xuejun Sun Dahe Qin State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Tibetan Plateau（TP） is recognized as ＂Water Tower of Asia＂. yet our understanding of mechanisms influencing incorporation of mercury（Hg） into freshwater in mountain glaciers on the TP remains quite limited. Extensive sampling of environmental matrices（e.g., snow/ice）were conducted on the East rongbuk glacier on Mt. Everest and Zhadang glacier on *** for Hg speciation analysis. Speciated Hg behaved quite different during snowmelt： a preferential early.r.lease of DHg（dissolved Hg） was observed at the onset of snowmelt, whereas PHg（particulate-bound Hg） and THg（total Hg） become relatively enriched in snow and released later. Small fraction of Hg in snow was lost during a snowmelt day（18.9%–34.7%） with a large proportion（58.1%–87.3%） contributed by PHg decrease, indicating that the deposited Hg is most likely.r.tained in glacier snow/ice. Furthermore, THg were positively correlated with PHg and crustal major ions（e.g., Ca2＋, Mg2＋） during snowmelt, indicating that Hg is mainly migrated with particulates. The main pathway of Hg loss during snowmelt was most probably associated with release of PHg with meltwater, which was greatly influenced by ablation intensity of snow/ice. This should be paid particular concern as Hg preserved in mountain glaciers will mostly enter aquatic ecosystem as climate warms, impacting on downstream ecosystems adversely. Obvious decrease of THg during the downstream transport from glacier was observed with a large proportion contributed by PHg decrease. The main removal mechanism of Hg was associated with sedimentation of PHg during the transport process.

关键词： Mercury speciation Snow/ice Migration Transport Mountain glacier Tibetan Plateau

Guidelines versus practice in screening and monitoring of cardiometabolic risks in patients taking antipsychotic medications:where do we stand?

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General Psychiatry 2021年第4期34卷 69-73页

作者： ruba Saleh Azfr Ali Zahraa Jalal Vibhu paudyal Clinical Pharmacy Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia School of Pharmacy University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

INTrODUCTION Despite the known benefits of antipsychotic medications,they have been associated with increased risks of cardiometabolic side ***-induced adverse cardiometabolic effects,such as weight gain,high blood pressure,alterations in glucose metabolism and lipid dy.r.gulation,are well-recognised risk factors for cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and diabetes.1 Clinical guidelines call for regular physical health assessments and laboratory monitoring as a means to prevent and detect adverse cardiometabolic effects of antipsychotic ***,recent evidence suggests that cardiovascular condi-tions remain the key causes of death among people using antipsychotic medications,suggesting suboptimal screening and moni-toring *** cardiometabolic screening among antipsychotic users can hinder the early detection of high-risk people and delay.r.ceiving proper management.

关键词： medication metabolism cardiovascular

Atmospheric particle-bound mercury in the northern Indo-Gangetic Plain region:Insights into sources from mercury isotope analysis and influencing factors

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 85-95页

作者： Junming Guo Lekhendra Tripathee Shichang Kang Qianggong Zhang Jie Huang Chhatra Mani Sharma Pengfei Chen rukumesh paudyal Dipesh rupakheti State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Himalayan Environment research Institute(HErI) KathmanduNepal Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Lumbini is a world heritage site located in the southern plains region of Nepal, and is regarded as a potential site for evaluating transboundary air pollution due to its proximity to the border with India. In this study, 82 aerosol samples were collected between April 2013 and July 2014 to investigate the levels of particulate-bound mercury(PBM) and the corresponding seasonality, sources, and influencing *** PBM concentration in total suspended particulate(TSP) matter ranged from 6.8 pg m^(-3) to351.7 pg m^(-3)(mean of 99.7 ± 92.6 pg m^(-3)), which exceeded the ranges reported for remote and rural sites worldwide. The Hg content(PBM/TSP) ranged from 68.2 ng g^(-1) to 1744.8 ng g^(-1)(mean of 446.9 ±312.7 ng g^(-1)), indicating anthropogenic enrichment. The PBM levels were higher in the dry season(i.e.,winter and the pre-monsoon period) than in the wet season(i.e., the monsoon period). In addition, the δ^(202) Hg signature indicated that waste/coal burning and traffic were the major sources of Hg in Lumbini during the pre-monsoon period. Meanwhile, precipitation occurring during photochemical processes in the atmosphere may have been responsible for the observed Δ^(199) Hg values in the aerosol samples obtained during the monsoon period. The PBM concentration was influenced mostly by the resuspension of polluted dust during dry periods and crop residue burning during the post-monsoon period. The estimated PBM deposition flux at Lumbini was 15.7 lg m^(-2) yr^(-1). This study provides a reference dataset of atmospheric PBM over a year, which can be useful for understanding the geochemical cycling of Hg in this region of limited data.

关键词： Particle-bound mercury Seasonality Mercury isotopes Deposition flux Indo-Gangetic Plain

Spatio-temporal distribution of earthquake occurrence in Eastern Himalaya and vicinity(26°N-31°N and 87°E-98°E)based on b-value and fractal dimension

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Applied Geophysics 2022年第3期19卷 458-469,472页

This study investigates the spatial and temporal variation of fractal dimension and b-value for the eastern part of the Himalaya and adjoining area(26°N–31°N and 87°E–98°E).The analysis is carried out on the earthquake dataset of 1373 events(Mc=4.0)by sliding window technique for the period 1964 to *** region is divided into three sub regions A(87°E–92°E),B(92°E–94°E)and C(94°E–98°E).The b-value computed for the region A comprising eastern Nepal is smaller compared to other two regions which infers the possible high stress and asperities in the *** spatial fractal dimension(Dc>1.5)and low temporal fractal dimension(Dtre computed for the *** spatial fractal dimension may indicate that fractures generating earthquakes are approaching a 2D structure and low temporal fractal dimension implies high clustering of earthquake’s *** b value shows a weak negative correlation with Dc for regions A and C while a weak positive correlation is observed for the region *** on b-value and fractal dimension,this study explains the frequency of earthquakes and heterogeneity of the seismogenic structure in this part of the Himalaya.

关键词： Eastern Himalaya fault b-value fractal dimension earthquake clustering

Nepal-China Friendship Across the Himalayas

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China News release 2022年第3期 34-37页

作者： Leela Mani paudyal 不详

Fundamentals of Bilateral relations The year 2019 remained a historic one in the annals of bilateral relations between Nepal and *** October12 to 13,2019,President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to *** is his first visit to Nepal,and also the first by a Chinese head of the state in 23 years,which is of great historical *** the visit.

关键词： significance. visit Friendship