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The effects of Spirulina on anemia and immune function in senior citizens

Cellular & molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 248-254页

作者： Carlo Selmi patrick SC Leung Laura Fischer Bruce German Chen-Yen Yang Thomas P Kenny Gerry R Cysewski m Eric Gershwin Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of California at DavisDavisCAUSA Department of medicine IRCCS Istituto Clinico HumanitasRozzanoMilanItaly Department of Food Science and Technology University of California at DavisDavisCAUSA Cyanotech Kailua-KonaHIUSA

Anemia and immunological dysfunction(***)are commonly found in older subjects and nutritional approaches are sought to counteract these *** is a filamentous and multicellular bule-green alga capable of reducing inflammation and also manifesting antioxidant *** hypothesized that Spirulina may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in senior citizens with a history of *** enrolled 40 volunteers of both sexes with an age of 50 years or older who had no history of major chronic *** took a Spirulina supplementation for 12 weeks and were administered comprehensive dietary questionnaires to determine their nutritional regimen during the *** cell count(CCC)and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)enzyme activity,as a sign of immune function,were determined at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 of *** study participants completed the entire study and the data obtained were *** the 12-week study period,there was a steady increase in average values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin in subjects of both *** addition,mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration also increased in male *** women appeared to benefit more rapidly from Spirulina ***,the majority of subjects manifested increased IDO activity and white blood cell count at 6 and 12 weeks of Spirulina *** may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in older *** encourage large human studies to determine whether this safe supplement could prove beneficial in randomized clinical trials.

关键词： functional food immunosenescence red blood cell IDO

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Climate Change Adaptation for People and Nature:A Case Study from the ***

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2012年第1期3卷 22-37页

作者： patrick D.mCCARTHY The Nature Conservancy Santa Fe 87501U.S.

In the ***,global climate change,acting in concert with extant stressors such as urbanization and over-allocation of water resources,is changing ecosystems in measureable and sometimes dramatic ***-first century projections indicate accelerating climate change and cascading ecological *** observed to date include large-scale forest dieback,large and severe wildfires,and changes in the flow regimes of rivers and streams with attendant changes to riparian and aquatic *** temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are pushing ecosystems across physiological and ecological thresholds,causing widespread mortality and,in some cases,major changes in composition,structure and *** changes have prompted action by the conservation community to reduce the adverse effects of climate *** Southwest Climate Change Initiative(SWCCI),a project led by The Nature Conservancy,works with local stakeholders in affected landscapes,reduces adverse impacts on ecological and social systems using scientific knowledge and practical *** Initiative has learned through practical experience that: 1) managers must embrace change and manage for resilience rather than resistance;2) strong local science-management partnerships are critical to effective adaptation planning and implementation;3) planners and managers must broaden the scope and accelerate the pace of conservation activities if ecosystem services are to be sustained;4) adaptation often does not require radically new or different management practices,rather,conservationists already have many of the tools they need;and 5) rapid documentation and widespread communication of methods and findings can build rapidly regional capacity for climate change *** experience suggests that adaptation efforts can be effective if they are focused at the local scale;employ learning networks;and engage in ecosystem-based adaptation:the sustainable management,conservation

关键词： climate change adaptation ecosystem-based adaptation ecological thresholds learning networks

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Treatment with a JAK1/2 inhibitor ameliorates murine autoimmune cholangitis induced by IFN overexpression

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2022年第10期19卷 1130-1140页

作者： Tihong Shao patrick S.C.Leung Weici Zhang Koichi Tsuneyama William m.Ridgway Howard A.Young Zongwen Shuai Aftab A.Ansari m.Eric Gershwi Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina Division of Rheumatology Allergyand Clinical ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute-FrederickFrederickMDUSA

The interferon(IFN)signaling pathways are major immunological checkpoints with clinical significance in the pathogenesis of *** have generated a unique murine model named ARE-Del,with chronic overexpression of IFNγ,by altering IFNγ***,these mice develop an immunologic and clinical profile similar to patients with primary biliary cholangitis,including high titers of autoantibodies and portal *** hypothesized that the downregulation of IFN signaling pathways with a JAK1/2 inhibitor would inhibit the development and progression of *** study this hypothesis,ARE-Del^(+/−)mice were treated with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib and serially *** inhibition resulted in a significant reduction in portal inflammation and bile duct damage,associated with a significant reduction in splenic and hepatic CD4^(+)T cells and CD8^(+)T ***,ruxolitinib inhibited the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNγand TNF from splenic CD4^(+)T ***,ruxolitinib treatment also decreased the frequencies of germinal center B(GC B)cells and T follicular helper(Tfh)cells and led to lower serological AmA *** note,liver and peritoneal macrophages were sharply decreased and polarized from m1 to m2 with a higher level of IRF4 expression after ruxolitinib ***,ruxolitinib inhibited the secretion of IL-6,TNF and mCP1 and the expression of STAT1 but promoted the expression of STAT6 in macrophages in vitro,indicating that m1 macrophage polarization to m2 occurred through activation of the STAT6-IRF4 *** data highlight the significance,both immunologically and clinically,of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in autoimmune cholangitis.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis Autoimmunity Interferons Janus Kinase Inhibitors Ruxolitinib

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WARA-PS:a research arena for public safety demonstrations and autonomous collaborative rescue robotics experimentation

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Autonomous Intelligent Systems 2021年第1期1卷 104-134页

作者： Olov Andersson patrick Doherty mårten Lager Jens-Olof Lindh Linnea Persson Elin A.Topp Jesper Tordenlid Bo Wahlberg Department of Computer and Information Science Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden Saab Kockums MalmöSweden Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden Department of Computer Science Lund UniversityLundSweden Saab Combitech AB LinköpingSweden Division of Automatic Control Department of Electrical EngineeringLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden

A research arena(WARA-PS)for sensing,data fusion,user interaction,planning and control of collaborative autonomous aerial and surface vehicles in public safety applications is *** objective is to demonstrate scientific discoveries and to generate new directions for future research on autonomous systems for societal *** enabler is a computational infrastructure with a core system architecture for industrial and academic *** includes a control and command system together with a framework for planning and executing tasks for unmanned surface vehicles and aerial *** motivating application for the demonstration is marine search and rescue operations.A state-of-art delegation framework for the mission planning together with three specific applications is also *** first one concerns model predictive control for cooperative rendezvous of autonomous unmanned aerial and surface *** second project is about learning to make safe real-time decisions under uncertainty for autonomous vehicles,and the third one is on robust terrain-aided navigation through sensor fusion and virtual reality tele-operation to support a GPS-free positioning system in marine *** research results have been experimentally evaluated and demonstrated to industry and public sector audiences at a marine test *** would be most difficult to do experiments on this large scale without the WARA-PS research ***,these demonstrator activities have resulted in effective research dissemination with high public visibility,business impact and new research collaborations between academia and industry.

关键词： Autonomous systems Intelligent system architectures Research demonstration arena Autonomous drones Autonomous marine vessels Public safety and security Collaborative robotics

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Guest Editorial for Special Issue on Time Series Classification

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第6期6卷 1291-1292页

作者： Houshang Darabi Georgiana Ifrim patrick Schafer Diego Furtado Silva Department of mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago(UIC) University of Bucharest Romania University of Berlin Sciences(ICmC) University of Sao Paulo

TImE series classification research and applications have recently received a lot of *** the rapid advancement of technological devices,time series data are being collected by a wide variety of devices,resulting in a wide range of research and *** fields of studies,ranging from healthcare to weather readings,require time series *** and action recognition using time series data from fitness trackers are commonly being ***,a new generation of algorithms and techniques are being used to classify time series data that are extensively available to the research *** example,recently deep learning techniques that utilize convolutions and recurrent neural networks are being used to classify epileptic seizures from EEG recordings made available at the University of California-Irvine data repository.

关键词： classify utilize recording

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Zinc deficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第5期25卷 600-607页

作者： miroslav Vujasinovic AleksANDra Hedstr?m patrick maisonneuve Roberto Valente Henrik von Horn J-matthias L?hr Stephan L Haas Department for Digestive Diseases Karolinska University Hospital Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Department for Digestive Diseases Sapienza University of Rome Division of Clinical Chemistry Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska Institute

BACKGROUND Zinc is a key element in numerous proteins and plays an important role in essential cell functions such as defense against free radicals and DNA damage repair. Chronic pancreatitis(CP) is a chronic inflammation with progressive fibrosis of pancreas ultimately resulting in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI),which is associated with malnutrition. Studies analyzing zinc levels in patients with CP are sparse and lead to conflicting *** To investigate serum zinc levels in patients with CP of various *** Between October 2015 and march 2018, patients with a diagnosis of CP were identified and recruited from the Pancreatic Outpatient Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. Etiology of CP was determined according to the mANNHEIm classification system into the following etiological subcategories:alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption, hereditary factors, efferent pancreatic duct factors and immunological factors. Pancreatic exocrine function was defined as normal(fecal elastase 1 > 200 μg/g), mildly reduced(100-200μg/g) and severely reduced(fecal elastase 1 mol/L) was present in 39(26.0%) of patients: 22 females and 17 males. In the group of patients with zinc deficiency, 76.7% of patients had an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency(FE-1 mpared to patients 0.002]. Smoking and number of packyears were additionally associated with low zinc levels. The risk of zinc deficiency in current smokers and smokers with ≥ 20 pack-years was approximately three times higher

关键词： Zinc Pancreas Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency Chronic pancreatitis malnutrition

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Lions, hyenas and mobs （oh my!）

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 313-322页

作者： Kenna D.S. LEHmANN Tracy m. mONTGOmERY Sarah m. mACLACHLAN Jenna m. PARKERC livia S. SPAGNUOLO Kelsey J. VANDEWETERING patrick S. BILLS Kay E. HOLEKAmP Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University 288 Farm Lane Room 203 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University 293 Farm Lane Room 103 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 1474 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Conservation Ecology and Environmental Informatics School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church St. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Institute for Cyber Enabled Research Michigan State University Biomedical & Physical Sciences Building 567 Wilson Road Room 1440 East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. Spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions Panthera leo, approaching the lions as a tightknit group while vocalizing loudly in an attempt to overwhelm them and drive them away. Whereas cooperative mobbing behavior has been well documented in birds and some mammals, to our knowledge it has never been described during interactions between 2 apex predators. Using a 27-year dataset, we characterize lion-hyena encoun- ters, assess rates of mobbing behavior observed during these interactions, and inquire whether mobbing results in successful acquisition of food. Lions and hyenas interacted most often at fresh kills, especially as prey size and the number of hyenas present increased. Possession of food at the beginning of an interaction positively affected retention of that food by each predator species. The presence of male lions increased the probability of an interspecific interaction but decreased the likelihood of hyenas obtaining or retaining possession of the food. Hyena mobbing rates were highest at fresh kills, but lower when adult male lions were present. The occurrence of mobbing was predicted by an increase in the number of hyenas present. Whether or not mobbing resulted in acquisition of food from lions was predicted by an increase in the number of mobs formed by the hyenas present, suggesting that cooperation among hyenas enhances their fitness.

关键词： competition cooperation hyena lion mobbing sociality.

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Fitness and predation potential of macrolophus pygmaeus reared under artificial conditions

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Insect Science 2011年第6期18卷 682-688页

作者： Bjorn Vandekerkhove Veronic De Puysseleyr maarten Bonte patrick De Clercq Laboratory of Agrozoology Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium

The biological parameters of macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur afler prolonged rearing in the absence of plant materials were compared with those of conventionally plant-reared predators. When eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller were provided as food, developmental and reproductive fitness of m. pygmaeus reared for over 30 consecutive generations using artificial living and oviposition substrates was similar to that of predators kept on tobacco leaves. Plantless-reared fifth instars of the predator also had similar predation rates on second instars of the tobacco aphid, myzus persicae nicotianae Blackman, as their peers maintained on plant materials. In a further experiment, predation on aphid prey by fifth instar m. pygmaeus fed one of two egg yolk-based artificial diets was compared with that of nymphs fed E. kuehniella eggs. Despite their lower body weights, preda- tors produced on either artificial diet killed similar numbers of prey as their counterparts reared on lepidopteran eggs. Our study indicates that artificial rearing systems may be useful to further rationalize the production of this economically important biological control agent.

关键词： artificial diets artificial substrates biological control insect rearingmacrolophus pygmaeus quality assurance

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Sexual dimorphism in the alpine butterflies Boloria pales and Boloria napaea:differences in movement and foraging behavior (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae)

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1089-1101页

作者： Stefan Ehl Katharina Hostert Jana Korsch patrick Gros Thomas Schmitt Department of Biogeography University of TrierTrierGermany Haus der Natur Salzburg Work group EntomologySalzburgAustria Senckenberg German Entomological Institute MünchebergGermany Entomology Department of ZoologyInstitute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany

Sexual dimorphism is a widespread phenomenon in *** is reflected in differences in life history,behavior and *** of differences in behavior are mostly difficult and time-consuming,especially in high mountain *** enhance our knowledge on sexual dimorphisms of alpine butterflies,we performed a mark-release-recapture study on 2 species common in the Alps:Boloriapales and Boloria *** analysed movement and foraging behavior to investigate differences between *** sexes were mostly sedentary and the movement distances of males and females ***,obvious differences in dispersal behavior between the sexes were found in the movement *** different patterns were *** males showed intensive flight activity,but mostly flew only in a limited part of the entire habitat (i.e.,their individual home range)searching for females,whereas females were less flight active and flew only to find places for oviposition or *** third pattern,where individuals flew larger distances,was only observed in a small number of males,which always returned to their home *** all feeding was observed on ***,males preferred the genera Leontodon and Crepis,while females preferred Leontodon and *** from this sexual difference in foraging,individuals of both sexes were found to be more or less specialised on nectar *** activity was generally greater in males than ***,we think that sex-specific requirements in nectar ingredients exist,that is,sugar for the intensive flight activity of males and amino acids for egg production of females.

关键词： foraging behavior mark-release-recapture movement patterns nectar source specialization sexual dimorphism

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Interactions of primary neuroepithelial progenitor and brain endothelial cells: distinct effect on neural progenitor maintenance and differentiation by soluble factors and direct contact

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Cell Research 2007年第7期17卷 619-626页

作者： miguel A Gama Sosa Rita De Gasperi Anne B Rocher Gissel m Perez Keila Simons Daniel E Cruz patrick R Hof Gregory A Elder Departments of Psychiatry Research and Development Service James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center 130 West Kingsbridge Road Bronx New York 10468 USA Neuroscience Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University New York NY Department of Research and Development Service James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center 130 West Kingsbridge Road Bronx New York 10468 USA

Neurovascular interactions are crucial for the normal development of the central nervous system. To study suchinteractions in primary cultures, we developed a procedure to simultaneously isolate neural progenitor and endothelialcell fractions from embryonic mouse brains. Depending on the culture conditions endothelial cells were found to favormaintenance of the neuroprogenitor phenotype through the production of soluble factors, or to promote neuronal differ-entiation of neural progenitors through direct contact. These apparently opposing effects could reflect differential cellularinteractions needed for the proper development of the brain.

关键词： differentiation culture endothelial cells neuroepithelial cells

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