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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in bacterial proteomics

Protein & Cell 2012年第5期3卷 346-363页

作者： Shirly O.T.Curreem Rory m.Watt Susanna K.P.Lau patrick C.Y.Woo Department of microbiology The University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Oral Biosciences Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases Department of MicrobiologyThe University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Research Centre of Infection and Immunology The University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Carol Yu Centre of Infection The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE)is a gel-based technique widely used for analyzing the pro-tein composition of biological *** is capable of resolving complex mixtures containing more than a thousand protein components into individual protein spots through the coupling of two orthogonal bio-physical separation techniques:isoelectric focusing(first dimension)and polyacrylamide gel electrophore-sis(second dimension).2-DE is ideally suited for ana-lyzing the entire expressed protein complement of a bacterial cell:its *** relative simplicity and good reproducibility have led to 2-DE being widely used for exploring proteomics within a wide range of envi-ronmental and medically-relevant *** we give a broad overview of the basic principles and his-torical development of gel-based proteomics,and how this powerful approach can be applied for studying bacterial biology and *** highlight specific 2-DE applications that can be used to analyze when,where and how much proteins are *** links between proteomics,genomics and mass spectrometry are *** explore how proteomics involving tandem mass spectrometry can be used to analyze(post-translational)protein modifications or to identify proteins of unknown origin by de novo peptide *** use of proteome fractionation tech-niques and non-gel-based proteomic approaches are also *** highlight how the analysis of pro-teins secreted by bacterial cells(secretomes or exo-proteomes)can be used to study infection processes or the immune *** review is aimed at non-specialists who wish to gain a concise,compre-hensive and contemporary overview of the nature and applications of bacterial proteomics.

关键词： two-dimensional gel electrophoresis bacte-ria proteomics

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Assessment of Deviation in Quality of Steel Reinforcing Bars Used in Some Building Sites in Cameroon

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2023年第4期11卷 917-931页

作者： patrick Che Bame Bell Emmanuel Yamb Billong Ndigui Laboratoire de mécanique Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquée Université de Douala Douala Cameroon mission de Promotion des matériaux Locaux (mIPROmALO) Yaounde Cameroon

The present work evaluated the deviations in the quality of steel reinforcing bars in terms of markings, diameter, yield strength and ductility in order to facilitate the drawing up of a yield strength value for the Cameroon National Annex to Eurocode 2. The methodology of the work started with the collection of steel samples from various active building project sites in four different towns viz: Bamenda, Douala, maroua and Yaoundé and testing their tensile strength and elongation using a Universal Testing machine and also carrying out the bending test. Results show that bars without marked manufacturer’s name fell all the tests. Other results show that 52% of all the steel had yield stresses below 400 mpa and the highest deviation in the yield strengths was 22.50%. The study recommends that properly marked grade 500 steel bars should be adopted in the Cameroon national annex to Eurocode 2.

关键词： Eurocode 2 National Annex Reinforcement Steel Deviations Yield Strengths

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Synthesis and characterization of Ce_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Fe_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(3–δ) perovskite material:Potential cathode material for low temperature SOFCs

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Journal of Rare Earths 2017年第4期35卷 389-397页

作者： mlungisi N.Sithole Bernard Omondi patrick G.Ndungu School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville CampusPrivate Bag X54001Durban4000South Afrzca Department of Applied Chemistry Doornfontein Campus University of JohannesburgP.O.Box 1701 lDoornfontein 2028JohannesburgSouth.Africa

A sol-gel method and a modified chemical vapour deposition technique were used to produce nanostructured Ce0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3-δ materials at temperatures as low as 400 ℃. Powders were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, Raman spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEm） with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEm）, and nitrogen sorption at 77 K. FTIR spectra showed that the sol-gel method resulted in residual carbon groups on the materials after calcination, while the Raman and XRD analysis confirmed that both synthesis methods resulted in cubic perovskite structure. However, the chemical va- pour deposition （CVD） method resulted in materials with a smaller crystallite size when compared to those prepared via the sol-gel route. The overall morphology of the powders was irregularly shaped aggregated particles as observed by SEm and HRTEm. In addition, HRTEm analysis showed that the materials were highly crystalline. Textural analysis revealed the powders had some mesoporosity, and the surface areas were 76.69 and 65.90 m2/g for materials synthesized using the CVD and sol-gel methods, respectively. The synthesized perovskite powders were used to fabricate button cells employing samarium doped ceria （SDC） as the electrolyte and NiO/SDC as the anode materials. As cathode materials, the maximum power density observed was 308.4 mW/cm2 at 500℃.

关键词： nanostructured materials low temperature SOFCs perovskites ceria rare earths

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Equal Volumes of Sand and Gravel Concrete mix Ratios in Cameroon and Its Effect on Concrete Compressive Strength

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第3期10卷 539-549页

作者： patrick Bame Che Yamb Bell Emmanuel Ndigui Billong Laboratoire de mécanique Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquée Université de Douala Douala Cameroon mission de Promotion des matériaux Locaux (mIPROmALO) Yaounde Cameroon

In recent years, the rationalization of concrete mix ratios which batches equal volumes of sand and gravel in building projects has been gaining grounds in the Cameroon construction industry. The main objective of this study is therefore to investigate if the concrete produced with rationalized mix ratio can be adopted as conventional mix ratio in terms of minimum required compression strength of concrete for buildings. Specifically this work compared the conventional mix ratio of 350 kg of cement: 400 liters of sand: 800 liters of gravel for a cubic meter and the rationalized batch of 350 kg of cement: 600 liters of sand: 600 liters of 5/15 gravel, 15/25 gravel and a combination of 5/15 + 15/25 gravel. Average compressive tests’results for both the conventional and the rationalized mix ratios were found to meet the minimum compressive strength of 65% at 7 days, 90% at 14 days and 99% at 28 days for gravel size combination 5/15 + 15/25. Single size gravel of 5/15 and 15/25 did not meet the minimum required compressive strength of 20 N/mm2 for the rationalized mix ratio at 28 days curing based on the minimum compressive strength required, this study arrives at the conclusion that the equal volumes of sand and gravel mix ratio of 350 kg/m3 of cement: 600 liters of sand: 600 liters of gravel mix ratio can be adopted as a conventional concrete mix ratio for gravel size 5/15 + 15/25.

关键词： Conventional Concrete Rationalized Concrete mix Ratio Compressive Strength Equal Volumes of Sand and Gravel

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Combined Effect of a Catalytic Reduction Device with Waste Frying Oil-Based Biodiesel on NOx Emissions of Diesel Engines

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modern mechanical Engineering 2022年第3期12卷 63-73页

作者： Samson K. Fasogbon Vincent N. Ugwah Olaleye m. Amoo patrick Ajaero Ogagaoghene D. Emma-Egoro Department of mechanical Engineering University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre for Petroleum Energy Economics and Law University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State Nigeria Department of Systems Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken USA Department of Chemical Engineering Landmark University Kwara State Nigeria

Internal combustion engines with application in automobiles and other relevant industries constitute significant environmental pollution via the release of toxic exhaust gasses like carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), particulate matter (Pm), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). Engine researchers and manufacturers are challenged to develop external and internal measures to ensure environmentally friendly solutions to accommodate and conform to the growing list of emission standards. Therefore, this work presents an experimental investigation of the NOx emission profile of a diesel engine that is fuelled and fitted with waste frying oil-based biodiesel and catalytic converter. Using a single-cylinder, four-stroke air-cooled CI engine at a constant speed of 1900 rpm and different loadings of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%;fitted with a catalytic converter at the exhaust outlet of the engine and linked to a dynamometer and a gas analyser, an experiment was conducted at biodiesel/diesel volume blends of B0 (0/10), B5 (5/95), B20 (20/80), B30 (30/70), B70 (70/30), B100 (100/0);and 30% concentration (v/v), 0.5 litre/hr flow rate of aqueous urea from the catalytic converter. The results show an increasing NOx emission as the biodiesel component increased in the blend. The catalytic converter showed a downward NOx reduction with a significant 68% reduction in efficiency at high exhaust gas temperatures. It is concluded that the combined utilisation of waste frying oil-based biodiesel and the catalytic converter yields substantial NOx emission reduction.

关键词： Catalytic Converter Waste Frying Oil Biodiesel NOx Emission Diesel Engines

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Gas flow in rotary kilns

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 613-616页

作者： patrick R.Davies michael J.S.Norton D.Ian Wilson John F.Davidson David m.Scott Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3RAUK

This paper describes an experimental investigation on the flow characteristics within a rotating cylinder containing a rolling bed of sand. The axis of the cylinder was horizontal and there was no axial bulk flow of particles. The velocity field of the gas flowing through the cylinder was measured by hot-wire anemometry. The measurements indicate that the velocity field is asymmetric with respect to a diameter perpendicular to the granular bed. CFD calculations confirm this finding. The gas velocity profiles are crucial in determining heat transfer from gas to solid.

关键词： Rotating cylinderVelocity profile

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Physical and chemical changes of rapeseed meal proteins during toasting and their effects on in vitro digestibility

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 417-427页

作者： Sergio Salazar-Villanea Erik m.A.m.Bruininx Harry Gruppen Wouter H.Hendriks patrick Carré Alain Quinsac Antonius F.B.van der Poel Wageningen Livestock Research P.O.Box 3386700 AH WageningenThe Netherlands Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University&ResearchP.O.Box 3386700 AH WageningenThe Netherlands Agfifirm Innovation Center Royal Dutch Agrifirm GroupP.O.Box 200187302 HA ApeldoornThe Netherlands Laboratory of Food Chemistry Wageningen University&ResearchP.O.Box 176700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands CREOL/OLEAD 11 rue MongeParc Industriel33600 PessacFrance Terres Inovia 11 rue MongeParc Industriel33600 PessacFrance

Background： Toasting during the production of rapeseed meal（RSm） decreases ileal crude protein（CP） and amino acid（AA） digestibility. The mechanisms that determine the decrease in digestibility have not been fully elucidated. A high protein quality, low-denatured, RSm was produced and toasted up to 120 min, with samples taken every 20 min. The aim of this study was to characterize secondary structure and chemical changes of proteins and glucosinolates occurring during toasting of RSm and the effects on its in vitro CP ***： The decrease in protein solubility and the increase of intermolecular β-sheets with increasing toasting time were indications of protein aggregation. The contents of NDF and ADIN increased with increasing toasting *** of arginine, lysine and O-methylisourea reactive lysine（OmIU-RL） linearly decreased with increasing toasting time, with a larger decrease of OmIU-RL than lysine. First-order reactions calculated from the measured parameters show that glucosinolates were degraded faster than lysine, OmIU-RL and arginine and that physical changes to proteins seem to occur before chemical changes during toasting. Despite the drastic physical and chemical changes noticed on the proteins, the coefficient of in vitro CP digestibility ranged from 0.776 to 0.750 and there were no effects on the extent of protein hydrolysis after 120 min. In contrast, the rate of protein hydrolysis linearly decreased with increasing toasting time, which was largely correlated to the decrease in protein solubility, lysine and OmIU-RL observed. Rate of protein hydrolysis was more than 2-fold higher for the untoasted RSm compared to the 120 min toasted ***： Increasing the toasting time for the production of RSm causes physical and chemical changes to the proteins that decrease the rate of protein hydrolysis. The observed decrease in the rate of protein hydrolysis could impact protein digestion and utilization.

关键词： Hydrolysis rate In vitro protein digestibility Rapeseed meal Reactive lysine Secondary structure

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Dynamic magnetic resonance defecography in 10 asymptomatic volunteers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第46期18卷 6836-6842页

作者： Andreas G Schreyer Christian Paetzel Alois Fürst Lena m Dendl Elisabeth Hutzel René müller-Wille Philipp Wiggermann Stephan Schleder Christian Stroszczynski patrick Hoffstetter Department of Radiology University Medical Center Regensburg Department of Radiology Weiden Hospital Department of Surgery St. Josef Hospital

AIm: Evaluation of the wide range of normal findings in asymptomatic women undergoing dynamic magnetic resonance (mR) defecography. mETHODS: mR defecography of 10 healthy female volunteers (median age: 31 years) without previous pregnancies or history of surgery were evaluated. The rectum was filled with 180 mL gadolinium ultrasound gel mixture. mR defecography was performed in the supine position. The pelvic floor was visualized with a dynamic T2-weighted sagittal plane where all relevant pelvic floor organs were acquired during defecation. The volunteers were instructed to relax and then to perform straining maneuvers to empty the rectum. The pubococcygeal line (PCGL) was used as the line of reference. The movement of pelvic floor organs was measured as the vertical distance to this reference line. Data were recorded in the resting position as well as during the defecation process with maximal straining. Examinations were performed and evaluated by two experienced abdominal radiologists without knowledge of patient history. RESULTS: Average position of the anorectal junction was located at -5.3 mm at rest and -29.9 mm during straining. The anorectal angle widened significantly from 93° at rest to 109° during defecation. A rectocele was diagnosed in eight out of 10 volunteers showing an average diameter of 25.9 mm. The bladder base was located at a position of +23 mm at rest and descended to -8.1 mm during defecation in relation to the PCGL. The bladder base moved below the PCGL in six out of 10 volunteers, which was formally defined as a cystocele. The uterocervical junction was located at an average level of +43.1 mm at rest and at +7.9 mm during straining. The uterocervical junction of three volunteers fell below the PCGL; described formally as uterocervical prolapse. CONCLUSION: Based on the range of standard values in asymptomatic volunteers, mR defecography values for pathological changes have to be re-evaluated.

关键词：志愿者磁共振造影排粪症状平均年龄垂直距离数据记录

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Integration of Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Case Study from Baie martelli, Pentecost Island, Vanuatu

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2012年第4期3卷 185-194页

作者： Rory A.Walshe patrick D.Nunn Department of Geography Environment and Disaster ManagementCoventry UniversityCoventry CV15FBUnited Kingdom School of Behavioural Cognitive and Social SciencesUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales 2351Australia

Despite reaching heights of >6 m and destroying a sizeable coastal settlement at the head of Baie martelli(Pentecost Island, Vanuatu, South Pacific), the 26 November 1999 tsunamis caused only five fatalities from a threatened population of about 300 persons, most of whom fled inland and upslope before the waves struck. This remarkable survival rate is attributed to both indigenous knowledge, largely in the form of kastom knowledge, and information obtained from a video about tsunamis that was shown in the area three weeks earlier. Interviews with 55 persons who experienced this tsunami suggest that indigenous knowledge about tsunami risk and response in Baie martelli was well known among key members of the community and was probably largely responsible for the appropriate response. Future strategies for disaster risk reduction should involve maintaining such indigenous knowledge in such communities and supplementing this where needed with scientific knowledge filtered through indigenous culture and language.

关键词： Island cost inland

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Growth and form of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior respond distinctly different to initial growing space: results from 24-year-old Nelder experiments

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 1-14页

作者： Christian Kuehne patrick Pyttel Edgar Kublin Jürgen Bauhus Institute of Silviculture University of FreiburgD-79085 Freiburg i.Br.Germany. Faculty of Forests and Forestry University of Applied Sciences Wei- henstephan-TriesdorfHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 3D-85354 FreisingGermany Department of Biometry and Informatics Forest Research Station Baden-WürttembergPostfach 708D-79007 FreiburgGermany

Initial growing space is of critical importance to growth and quality development of individual trees. We investigated how mortality, growth （diameter at breast height, total height）, natural pruning （height to first dead and first live branch and branchiness） and stem and crown form of 24-year-old pedunculate oak （Quercus robur [L.]） and European ash （Fraxinus excelsior [L.]） were affected by initial spacing. Data were recorded from two replicate single-species Nelder wheels located in southern Germany with eight initial stocking regimes varying from 1,020 to 30,780 seedlings·ha？1. mortality substantially decreased with increasing initial growing space but significantly differed among the two species, averaging 59% and 15% for oak and ash plots, respectively. In contrast to oak, the low self-thinning rate found in the ash plots over the investigated study period resulted in a high number of smaller intermediate or suppressed trees, eventually retarding individual tree as well as overall stand development. As a result, oak gained greater stem dimensions throughout all initial spacing regimes and the average height of ash significantly increased with initial growing space. The survival of lower crown class ashes also appeared to accelerate self-pruning dynamics. In comparison to oak, we observed less dead and live primary branches as well as a smaller number of epicormic shoots along the first 6 m of the lower stem of dominant and co-dominant ashes in all spacing regimes. Whereas stem form of both species was hardly affected by initial growing space, the percentage of brushy crowns significantly increased with initial spacing in oak and ash. Our findings suggest that initial stockings of ca. 12,000 seedlings per hectare in oak and 2,500 seedlings per hectare in ash will guarantee a sufficient number of at least 300 potential crop trees per hectare in pure oak and ash plantations at the end of the self-thinning phase, respectively. If the problem of epicormic shoots a

关键词： spacing trial stocking self-thinning intraspecific competition qualification spatially explicit modelling generalized additive model

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