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Materials structure genealogy and high-throughput topological classification of surfaces and 2d materials

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 222-231页

作者： Lauri Himanen patrick Rinke Adam Stuart Foster department of Applied Physics Aalto UniversityP.O.Box 1110000076 AaltoEspooFinland Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz Staudinger Weg 9Mainz 55128Germany WPI Nano Life Science Institute(WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan

Automated and verifiable structural classification for atomistic structures is becoming necessary to cope with the vast amount of information stored in various computational materials *** we present a general recursive scheme for the structural classification of atomistic systems and introduce a structural materials map that can be used to organize the materials structure *** also introduce our implementation for the automatic classification of two-dimensional structures,especially focusing on surfaces and 2d *** classification procedure can automatically determine the dimensionality of a structure,further categorize the structure as a surface or a 2d material,return the underlying unit cell and also identify the outlier atoms,such as *** classification scheme does not require explicit search patterns and works even in the presence of defects and *** classification is tested on a wide variety of atomistic structures and provides a high-accuracy determination for all of the returned structural properties.A software implementation of the classification algorithm is freely available with an opensource license.

关键词： structure return becoming

Heterogeneous populations of neural stem cells contribute to myelin repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 509-517页

作者： Rainer Akkermann Felix Beyer patrick Küry Neuroregeneration Laboratory Department of NeurologyMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-University

As ingenious as nature＇s invention of myelin sheaths within the mammalian nervous system is, as fatal can be damage to this specialized lipid structure. Long-term loss of electrical insulation and of further supportive functions myelin provides to axons, as seen in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis （MS）, leads to neurodegeneration and results in progressive disabilities. Multiple lines of evidence have demon-strated the increasing inability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells （OPCs） to replace lost oligodendrocytes （OLs） in order to restore lost myelin. Much research has been dedicated to reveal potential reasons for this regeneration deficit but despite promising approaches no remyelination-promoting drugs have successfully been developed yet. In addition to OPCs neural stem cells of the adult central nervous system also hold a high potential to generate myelinating OLs. There are at least two neural stem cell niches in the brain, the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, and an additional source of neural stem cells has been located in the central canal of the spinal cord. While a substantial body of literature has described their neurogenic capacity, still little is known about the oligodendrogenic potential of these cells, even if some animal studies have provided proof of their contribution to remyelination. In this review, we summarize and discuss these studies, taking into account the different niches, the heterogeneity within and between stem cell niches and present current strategies of how to promote stem cell-mediated myelin repair.

关键词： heterogeneity oligodendrocyte neuroregeneration multiple sclerosis inhibitors intracellular proteinlocalization adult neural stem cell niche remyelination

Human endogenous retroviruses: ammunition for myeloid cells in neurodegenerative diseases?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1043-1044页

作者： Joel Gruchot david Kremer patrick Küry department of Neurology NeuroregenerationMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-University

Activation of myeloid cells by human endogenous retroviral entities:While the exact causes of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis(MS)or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)are still elusive,there is evidence of a new category of pathogenic elements called human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)which seem to contribute to their evolution and progression by exerting inflammatory and degenerative effects(Kury et al.,2018).HERVs are ancient retroviral elements which account for up to 8%of the human genome and it is known that environmental factors can trigger their(re-)expression(Kury et al.,2018).The resulting production of viral particles and/or proteins,especially from members of the HERV-W and HERV-K family,is strongly correlated with the onset and progression of neurological diseases,such as MS and ALS(Kury et al.,2018).

关键词： endogenous diseases al.

Lau Effect Using LEd Array for Lithography

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 165-174页

作者： Xinrui Cao patrick FeBer Stefan Sinzinger Fachgebiet Technische Optik Institut flir Mikro-und Nanotechnologien(IMN)MacroNano■Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany

Illumination with LEds is of increasing interest in imaging and *** particular,compared to lasers,LEds are temporally and spatially incoherent,so that speckle effects can be avoided by the application of ***,LEd arrays are qualified due to their high optical output ***,LEd arrays have not been widely used for investigating optical effects,e.g.,the Lau *** this paper,we propose the application of an LEd array for realizing the Lau effect by taking into account the influence of the coherence properties of illumination on the Lau *** spatially incoherent illumination with the LEd array or a single LEd,triangular distributed Lau fringes can be *** apply the obtained Lau fringes in the optical lithography to produce analog *** to a single LEd,the Lau fringes using the LEd array have significantly higher ***,the exposure time in the lithography process is largely reduced.

关键词： Lau effect LEd array Lithography Spatial coherence properties of illumination

depilatory double-disc mouse model for evaluation of vesicant dermal injury pharmacotherapy countermeasures

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2023年第1期6卷 57-65页

作者： Tomas L.Roldan Shike Li Jeffrey d.Laskin dayuan Gao patrick J.Sinko department of Pharmaceutics Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of PharmacyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA department of Environmental and Occupational Health Rutgers University School of Public HealthPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA CounterACT Center of Excellence Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA

Background:Sulfur mustard(SM)is a chemical warfare vesicant that severely injures exposed eyes,lungs,and *** hydrochloride(NM)is widely used as an SM *** study aimed to develop a depilatory double-disc(ddd)NM skin burn model for investigating vesicant pharmacotherapy ***:Hair removal method(clipping only versus clipping followed by a depilatory),the effect of acetone in the vesicant administration vehicle,NM dose(0.5-20μmol),vehicle volume(5-20μl),and time course(0.5-21 days)were investigated using male and female Cd-1 ***,an indicator of burn response,was assessed by biopsy skin *** ideal NM dose to induce partial-thickness burns was assessed by edema and histopathologic *** optimized ddd model was validated using an established reagent,NdH-4338,a cyclooxygenase,inducible nitric oxide synthase,and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ***:Clipping/depilatory resulted in a 5-fold higher skin edematous response and was highly reproducible(18-fold lower%CV)compared to clipping *** did not affect edema *** edema occurred 24-48 h after NM administra-tion using optimized dosing methods and *** partial-thickness burns were achieved with 5μmol of NM and responded to treatment with *** dif-ferences in burn edematous responses were observed between males and ***:A highly reproducible and sensitive partial-thickness skin burn model was developed for assessing vesicant pharmacotherapy *** model pro-vides clinically relevant wound severity and eliminates the need for organic solvents that induce changes to the skin barrier function.

关键词： edema mice skin vesicant

Leaf Wand for Measuring Chlorophyll Fluorescence on Cylindrical Leaves and Its Application on <i>Juncus roemerianus</i>(Black Needlerush)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 75-83页

作者： patrick d. Biber 不详

Chlorophyll fluorescence is a well established technique to rapidly and non-invasively determine photosynthesis parameters in plant leaves. It can be used in both laboratory and field settings, and frequently dark-adaptation of a leaf sample is called for. In the field, this can be accomplished on flat leaves using standard leaf clips supplied by instrument manufacturers. However, not all plant leaves are flat, many are cylindrical or otherwise three-dimensional in shape. The standard leaf clip does not close fully on three-dimensional leaves, therefore, does not allow the sample to be properly dark adapted in the field. A new leaf “wand” was developed that can be slipped over an entire cylindrical leaf or culm of rushes and sedges for both light- and dark-adapted measurements. This new leaf wand is compared to the standard leaf clip (dLC-8) using a Walz mini-PAM on Juncus roemerianus(Black needlerush). Results indicate that dark-adapted yield measurements are not significantly different between leaf clips, while light-adapted yields are higher with the leaf wand. The potential sources of difference in the optical path of the excitation light and fluorescence return are discussed and compared between leaf clips. Construction of specialized leaf wands should be considered for any leaves are not flat and therefore that do not fit the standard leaf clip for complete dark-adaptation under field conditions.

关键词： Juncus roemerianus Chlorophyll Fluorescence Leaf Clip Cylindrical Leaf Optical Path Length

ALowFrequencyModel for Acoustic Propagation in a 2d Flow duct:Numerical Computation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第2期11卷 508-524页

作者： Lauris Joubert patrick Joly POEMS CNRS-INRIA-ENSTA UMR 270632 Boulevard Victor75015 ParisFrance POEMS CNRS-INRIA-ENSTAUMR 2706INRIA RocquencourtBP 10578153 Le Chesnay CedexFrance

In this paper we study a low frequency model for acoustic propagation in a 2d flow *** some Mach profile flow,we are able to give a well-posedness *** proof relies on a quasi-explicit expression of the solution which provides us an efficient numerical *** give and comment numerical results for particular linear,tangent and quadratic ***,we give a numerical validation of our asymptotic model.

关键词： Acoustics in flow Galbrun’s equations asymptotic analysis Laplace transform

The northern dispersal of early modern humans in eastern Eurasia

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Science Bulletin 2020年第20期65卷 1699-1701页

作者： Feng Li Michael Petraglia patrick Roberts Xing Gao Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human HistoryJena D-07745Germany School of Social Science the University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Human Origins Program Smithsonian InstitutionWashington DC 20560-0004USA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The study of the dispersal of modern humans beyond Africa is of great importance for assessing the adaptive capacities of Homo sapiens and for addressing why we are the only remaining hominin species on the planet *** and genetic discussions of this process have tended to focus on the so-called"southern"route towards Arabia,South Asia,Southeast Asia,and Australasia and associated coastal and terrestrial environments[1].

关键词：欧亚大陆 coastal terrestrial

The refractive outcome of Toric Lentis Mplus implant in cataract surgery

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第5期9卷 699-702页

作者： patrick J Chiam Say A Quah Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre City Hospital Birmingham BH18 7QH United Kingdom Optegra Manchester Eye Hospital Manchester M20 2EY United Kingdom

AIM： To evaluate the refractive outcome of Toric Lentis Mplus intraocular lens（IOL） implant.· METHOdS： This is a retrospective case *** patients with corneal astigmatism of at least1.5 d had Toric Lentis Mplus IOL implant during cataract surgery. The exclusion criteria included irregular astigmatism on corneal topography, large scotopic pupil diameter（〉6 mm）, poor visual potential and significant ocular comorbidity. Postoperative manifest refraction,uncorrected distance visual acuity（UdVA）, best-corrected distance visual acuity（BCVA）, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity at（UIVA） 3/4 m and uncorrected near visual acuity（UNVA） were obtained.·RESULTS： There were 70 eyes from 49 patients in this study. Patients were refracted at a median of 8.9wk（range 4.0 to 15.5） from the operation date. Sixty-five percent of eyes had 6/7.5（0.10 log MAR） or better, and99% 6/12（0.30 log MAR） or better postoperative ***-nine percent could read Jaeger（J） 3（0.28 log MAR）and 95% J5（0.37 log MAR） at 40 cm. The median magnitude of astigmatism decreased from 1.91 d to 0.49 d（Wilcoxon, P〈0.001） after the operation. The range of the cylindrical error was reduced from 1.5-3.95 d（keratometric） preoperatively to 0.00-1.46 d（subjective refraction transposed to corneal plane） postoperatively.· CONCLUSION： Toric Lentis Mplus IOL has good predictability in reducing preexisting corneal astigmatism.

关键词： Toric Lentis Mplus multi-focal intraocular lens implant refractive outcome