检索结果-南通市图书馆

Climate Change Adaptation for People and Nature:A Case Study from the U.S.Southwest

Advances in Climate Change Research 2012年第1期3卷 22-37页

作者： patrick d.mccarthy The Nature Conservancy Santa Fe 87501U.S.

In the U.S.Southwest,global climate change,acting in concert with extant stressors such as urbanization and over-allocation of water resources,is changing ecosystems in measureable and sometimes dramatic ways.Twenty-first century projections indicate accelerating climate change and cascading ecological consequences.Effects observed to date include large-scale forest dieback,large and severe wildfires,and changes in the flow regimes of rivers and streams with attendant changes to riparian and aquatic ecosystems.Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are pushing ecosystems across physiological and ecological thresholds,causing widespread mortality and,in some cases,major changes in composition,structure and function.These changes have prompted action by the conservation community to reduce the adverse effects of climate change.The Southwest Climate Change Initiative(SWCCI),a project led by The Nature Conservancy,works with local stakeholders in affected landscapes,reduces adverse impacts on ecological and social systems using scientific knowledge and practical tools.The Initiative has learned through practical experience that: 1) managers must embrace change and manage for resilience rather than resistance;2) strong local science-management partnerships are critical to effective adaptation planning and implementation;3) planners and managers must broaden the scope and accelerate the pace of conservation activities if ecosystem services are to be sustained;4) adaptation often does not require radically new or different management practices,rather,conservationists already have many of the tools they need;and 5) rapid documentation and widespread communication of methods and findings can build rapidly regional capacity for climate change adaptation.Our experience suggests that adaptation efforts can be effective if they are focused at the local scale;employ learning networks;and engage in ecosystem-based adaptation:the sustainable management,conservation and restoration of ecosystems so that they cont

关键词：全球气候变化人与自然水生生态系统西南部生态系统服务美国自然保护西南地区

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Impact of multifocal gas-permeable lens designs on short-term choroidal response, axial length, and retinal defocus profile

引用

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 247-256页

作者： Muteb Alanazi patrick Caroline Amane Alshamrani Maria Liu Optometry department College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 14813Saudi Arabia College of Optometry Pacific UniversityForest GroveOregon 97116-1756United States Optometry School University of California at BerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States

AIM:To investigate the impact of multifocal gas permeable contact lens(MFGPCL)in various add power and distance/near area allocation on short-term changes of choroidal thickness(ChT),axial length(AL),and retinal defocus profile in young adults.METHOdS:Seventeen young adults(2 males and 15 females;age 23.17±4.48y)were randomly assigned to wear two designs binocularly with a one-week washout period in between.Total of four MFGPCL designs were assessed.All designs were distance-center that varied in two add power(+1.50 and 3.00 d)and/or two distance zone(dZ)diameters(1.50 and 3.00 mm;design A:dZ 1.5/add 3.0,B:dZ 1.5/add 1.5,C:dZ 3.0/add 3.0,d:dZ 3.0/add 1.5).ChT,AL,and peripheral refraction data were collected on each subject at baseline,on days 1 and 7 of MFGPCL daily wear.ChT was assessed in four quadrants using a spectraldomain optical coherence tomography.RESULTS:AL was shortened by-26±44μm with lens C,-18±27μm with lens d,-13±29μm with lens A,and-8±30μm with lens B(all Pd with all 4 designs(lens A:+6±6μm,B:+3±7μm,C:+8±7μm,and d:+8±7μm).Temporal and superior choroid exhibited more choroidal thickening associated with MFGPCL.All designs induced significant relative peripheral myopia(RPM)beyond the central 20o across the horizontal meridian in both nasal and temporal fields(Pd AL,which are associated with significant increase in RPM after short-term wear.The reliability and feasibility of quantifying short-term changes in ChT support its use as a promising marker for the long-term efficacy of myopia-controlling treatments.

关键词： choroid gas-permeable contact lens retinal defocus axial length myopia

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Multiple sclerosis drug repurposing for neuroregeneration

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 507-508页

作者： Peter Göttle Michael dietrich patrick Küry department of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system(CNS)and is primarily characterized by immune cell infiltration leading to relapses followed by remission phases and a disease course turning progressive over time with neurodegenerative processes taking over(Amin and Hersh,2023).Of note,beyond relapse-associated worsening early in disease progression independent of relapse activity may arise independently of relapse activity and can occur in all phenotypes.Autoimmune-mediated damage of myelin sheaths and the subsequent loss of mature oligodendrocytes are resulting in impaired axonal integrity,neurodegeneration and accounts for irreversible neuronal damage(Kuhlmann et al.,2023).The current landscape of available disease-modifying therapies comprises mainly immunomodulatory drugs that effectively diminish relapses and slow down progression at the onset form of the disease,namely relapsing MS(RMS).In this regard,a number of drugs have been approved as disease-modifying therapies for MS by US Food and drug Administration and European Medicines Agencies(Box 1).

关键词： drugs impaired irreversible

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A study on wildfire impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and regional air quality in South of Orléans,France

引用

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue Gisèle Krysztofiak Yangang Ren Min Cai patrick Mercier Frédéric Le Fur Corinne Robin Benoit Grosselin Véronique daele Max RMcGillen Yujing Mu Valéry Catoire Abdelwahid Mellouki Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace(LPC2E) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France Institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Lig’Air-Association de surveillance de la qualitéde l’air en région Centre-Val de Loire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed V University RabatMorocco

Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global climate.In September 2020,a small wildfire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(Loiret-Cher,Sologne,France),and its plume spread out over 200 km on the following day as observed by the MOdIS satellite.Based on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire location)in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis,young wildfire plumes were characterized.Significant increases in gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particles(including black carbon)were found within the wildfire plumes,leading to a reduced air quality.Emission factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous studies.Changes in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sulfate,nitrate,chloride,and nitrite in the particle-and gasphase)and aerosol properties(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quantified and discussed.Moreover,we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission inventories.Current biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and emissions.For instance,we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire while other inventories(GFEd and FINN)showed significant overestimation.Considering that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region,related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed.

关键词： Wildfire Air quality Emission factor Emission inventory VOLTAIRE supersite

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Inhaled volatile anesthetics in the intensive care unit

引用

World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第1期13卷 28-39页

作者： Erin d Wieruszewski Mariam ElSaban patrick M Wieruszewski Nathan J Smischney department of Pharmacy Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States department of Anesthesiology&Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

The discovery and utilization of volatile anesthetics has significantly transformed surgical practices since their inception in the mid-19th century.Recently,a paradigm shift is observed as volatile anesthetics extend beyond traditional confines of the operating theatres,finding diverse applications in intensive care settings.In the dynamic landscape of intensive care,volatile anesthetics emerge as a promising avenue for addressing complex sedation requirements,managing refractory lung pathologies including acute respiratory distress syndrome and status asthmaticus,conditions of high sedative requirements including burns,high opioid or alcohol use and neurological conditions such as status epilepticus.Volatile anesthetics can be administered through either inhaled route via anesthetic machines/devices or through extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuitry,providing intensivists with multiple options to tailor therapy.Furthermore,their unique pharmacokinetic profiles render them titratable and empower clinicians to individualize management with heightened accuracy,mitigating risks associated with conventional sedation modalities.despite the amounting enthusiasm for the use of these therapies,barriers to widespread utilization include expanding equipment availability,staff familiarity and training of safe use.This article delves into the realm of applying inhaled volatile anesthetics in the intensive care unit through discussing their pharmacology,administration considerations in intensive care settings,complication considerations,and listing indications and evidence of the use of volatile anesthetics in the critically ill patient population.

关键词： Anesthesia Critical care Mechanical ventilation Sedation Volatile anesthetics Sedative

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 578-582页

作者： Markley Silva Oliveira Junior Laura Reiche Emerson daniele Ines Kortebi Maryam Faiz patrick Küry department of Neurology Neuroregeneration laboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoCanada division of Anatomy Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and homeostasis.In response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair response.In this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal models.We will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate demyelination.Finally,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

关键词： astrocytes demyelination drug-based therapies myelin repair oligodendrocyte precursor cells reactive astrogliosis

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acetabular cup size trends in total hip arthroplasty

引用

World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 39-44页

作者： daniel patrick McKenna Alex Price Timothy McAleese darren dahly Paul McKenna May Cleary department of Trauma and Orthopaedics University Hospital WaterfordWaterford X91 ER8EIreland department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College CorkCork T12 XF62Ireland

BACKGROUNd Total hip arthroplasty(THA)is a common procedure for end stage osteoarthritis.The learning curve for THA is complex and challenging.One of the most difficult skills to master is acetabular reaming.We wish to identify if experience in arthroplasty leads to preservation of more bone stock.AIM To investigate if increasing surgeon experience will predict an ever decreasing acetabular cup size.METHOdS A retrospective case series of four attending orthopaedic surgeons was completed.All uncemented elective total hip arthroplasties since appointment were selected for inclusion.The size of acetabular cup used was noted and logistic regression was used to identify if a trend to smaller cups existed.RESULTS A total of 1614 subjects were included with a mean age of 64 years.Overall cups were on average 0.18mm smaller per year(95%confidence interval-0.25 to-0.11,Pdividual surgeon trends showed cup sizes to decrease 0.27 mm/year for surgeon A,0.02 mm/year for surgeon B,0.15 mm/year for surgeon C and 0.29 mm/year for surgeon d.Three of the four surgeons had a more pronounced trend to smaller cups for male subjects than their female counterparts.CONCLUSION We found increasing surgeon experience to be associated with an ever-decreasing acetabular cup size.Smaller acetabular cup size may act as a surrogate marker of surgical proficiency by virtue of decreased acetabular reaming.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Acetabulum Cup Learning

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Proposal of a deuterium-deuterium Fusion Reactor Intended for a Large Power Plant

引用

World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2024年第1期14卷 1-58页

作者： patrick Lindecker Independent Researcher Maisons-Alfort France

This article looks for the necessary conditions to use deuterium-deuterium (d-d) fusion for a large power plant. At the moment, for nearly all the projects (JET, ITER…) only the deuterium-Tritium (d-T) fuel is considered for a power plant. However, as shown in this article, even if a d-d reactor would be necessarily much bigger than a d-T reactor due to the much weaker fusion reactivity of the d-d fusion compared to the d-T fusion, a d-d reactor size would remain under an acceptable size. Indeed, a d-d power plant would be necessarily large and powerful, i.e. the net electric power would be equal to a minimum of 1.2 GWe and preferably above 10 GWe. A d-d reactor would be less complex than a d-T reactor as it is not necessary to obtain Tritium from the reactor itself. It is proposed the same type of reactor yet proposed by the author in a previous article, i.e. a Stellarator “racetrack” magnetic loop. The working of this reactor is continuous. It is reminded that the deuterium is relatively abundant on the sea water, and so it constitutes an almost inexhaustible source of energy. Thanks to secondary fusions (d-T and d-He3) which both occur at an appreciable level above 100 keV, plasma can stabilize around such high equilibrium energy (i.e. between 100 and 150 keV). The mechanical gain (Q) of such reactor increases with the internal pipe radius, up to 4.5 m. A radius of 4.5 m permits a mechanical gain (Q) of about 17 which thanks to a modern thermo-dynamical conversion would lead to convert about 21% of the thermal power issued from the d-d reactor in a net electric power of 20 GWe. The goal of the article is to create a physical model of the d-d reactor so as to estimate this one without the need of a simulator and finally to estimate the dimensions, power and yield of such d-d reactor for different net electrical powers. The difficulties of the modeling of such reactor are listed in this article and would certainly be applicable to a future d-He3 reactor, if any.

关键词： Fusion Reactor deuterium-deuterium Reactor Catalyzed d-d Colliding Beams Stellarator Reactor Power Plant

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Subsequent total joint arthroplasty: Are we learning from the first stage?

引用

World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期15卷 230-237页

作者： Christine Jiang Wu Colin Penrose Sean patrick Ryan Michael Paul Bolognesi Thorsten Markus Seyler Samuel Secord Wellman department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States department of Orthopaedic Surgery Midwest Center for Joint ReplacementIndianapolisIN 46241United States

BACKGROUNd With the increasing incidence of total joint arthroplasty(TJA),there is a desire to reduce peri-operative complications and resource utilization.As degenerative conditions progress in multiple joints,many patients undergo multiple proce-dures.AIM To determine if both physicians and patients learn from the patient’s initial arth-roplasty,resulting in improved outcomes following the second procedure.METHOdS The institutional database was retrospectively queried for primary total hip arth-roplasty(THA)and total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Patients with only unilateral THA or TKA,and patients undergoing same-day bilateral TJA,were excluded.Patient demographics,comorbidities,and implant sizes were collected at the time of each procedure and patients were stratified by first vs second surgery.Outcome metrics evaluated included operative time,length of stay(LOS),disposition,90-d readmissions and emergency department(Ed)visits.RESULTS A total of 642 patients,including 364 undergoing staged bilateral TKA and 278 undergoing bilateral THA,were analyzed.There was no significant difference in demographics or comorbidities between the first and second procedure,which were separated by a mean of 285 d.For THA and TKA,LOS was significantly less for the second surgery,with 66%of patients having a shorter hospitalization(Pd significantly decreased operative time only when the same sized implant was utilized(P=0.025).The vast majority(93.3%)of patients were discharged to the same type of location following their second surgery.However,when a change in disposition was present from the first surgery,patients were significantly more likely to be discharged to home after the second procedure(P=0.033).There was no difference between procedures for post-operative readmissions(P=0.438)or Ed visits(P=0.915).CONCLUSION After gaining valuable experience recovering from the initial surgery,a patient’s perioperative outcomes are improved for their second TJA.This may be the result of increased confidence and decrea

关键词： Staged total joint arthroplasty Asynchronous total joint arthroplasty Subsequent total joint arthroplasty Contralateral total joint arthroplasty Perioperative outcomes

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through astrocytes

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1299-1307页

作者： Yanchang Yang Tiantian Liu Jun Li dandan Yan Yuhan Hu Pin Wu Fuquan Fang patrick M.McQuillan Wenxin Hang Jianhang Leng Zhiyong Hu department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine department of Anesthesiology Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital 3. Department of Anesthesiology Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College 4. Cell Biology Department Yale University 5. Department of Anesthesiology Penn State Hershey Medical Centre Penn State College of Medicine 6. Department of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Neuroscientists have recognized the importance of astrocytes in regulating neurological function and their influence on the release of glial transmitters. Few studies, however, have focused on the effects of general anesthetic agents on neuroglia or astrocytes. Astrocytes can also be an important target of general anesthetic agents as they exert not only sedative, analgesic, and amnesic effects but also mediate general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Here, we analyzed recent advances in understanding the mechanism of general anesthetic agents on astrocytes, and found that exposure to general anesthetic agents will destroy the morphology and proliferation of astrocytes, in addition to acting on the receptors on their surface, which not only affect Ca2+signaling, inhibit the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lactate from astrocytes, but are even involved in the regulation of the pro-and anti-inflammatory processes of astrocytes. These would obviously affect the communication between astrocytes as well as between astrocytes and neighboring neurons, other neuroglia, and vascular cells. In this review, we summarize how general anesthetic agents act on neurons via astrocytes, and explore potential mechanisms of action of general anesthetic agents on the nervous system. We hope that this review will provide a new direction for mitigating the neurotoxicity of general anesthetic agents.

关键词： astrocytes brain-derived neurotrophic factor general anesthetic agents neuron neurotoxicity N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor perioperative neurocognition Toll-like receptor γ-aminobutyric acid receptor

来源：

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：