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Multiple sclerosis drug repurposing for neuroregeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 507-508页

作者： Peter Göttle Michael dietrich patrick Küry department of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system(CNS)and is primarily characterized by immune cell infiltration leading to relapses followed by remission phases and a disease course turning progressive over time with neurodegenerative processes taking over(Amin and Hersh,2023).Of note,beyond relapse-associated worsening early in disease progression independent of relapse activity may arise independently of relapse activity and can occur in all ***-mediated damage of myelin sheaths and the subsequent loss of mature oligodendrocytes are resulting in impaired axonal integrity,neurodegeneration and accounts for irreversible neuronal damage(Kuhlmann et al.,2023).The current landscape of available disease-modifying therapies comprises mainly immunomodulatory drugs that effectively diminish relapses and slow down progression at the onset form of the disease,namely relapsing MS(RMS).In this regard,a number of drugs have been approved as disease-modifying therapies for MS by US Food and drug Administration and European Medicines Agencies(Box 1).

关键词： drugs impaired irreversible

Post-operative protein supplementation following orthopaedic surgery: A systematic review

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 16-24页

作者： Andrew George Brendan M.Holderread Bradley S.Lambert Joshua d.Harris patrick C.McCulloch Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine 6445 Main Street Suite 2300HoustonTX77030USA Houston Methodist Orthopedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory 6670 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA

decreased mechanical loading after orthopaedic surgery predisposes patients to develop muscle *** purpose of this review was to assess whether the evidence supports oral protein supplementation can help decrease postoperative muscle atrophy and/or improve patient outcomes following orthopaedic surgery.A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalysis(PRISMA).PubMed(MEdLINE),Embase,Scopus,and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials that assessed protein or amino acid supplementation in patients undergoing orthopaedic *** investigators independently conducted the search using relevant Boolean *** outcomes included functional or physiologic measures of muscle atrophy or *** studies including 611 patients(224 males,387 females)were *** studies evaluated protein supplementation after ACL reconstruction(ACLR),3 after total hip arthroplasty(THA),5 after total knee arthroplasty(TKA),and 3 after surgical treatment of hip *** supplementation showed beneficial effects across all types of *** primary benefit was a decrease in muscle atrophy compared to placebo as measured by muscle cross sectional *** authors also demonstrated improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation *** supplementation has beneficial effects on mitigating muscle atrophy in the postoperative period following ACLR,THA,TKA,and surgical treatment of hip *** effects often correlate with improved functional measures and quicker achievement of rehabilitation *** research is needed to evaluate long-term effects of protein supplementation and to establish standardized population-specific regimens that maximize treatment efficacy in the postoperative period.

关键词： Orthopaedic surgery Protein supplementation Systematic review Muscle atrophy

A study on wildfire impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and regional air quality in South of Orléans,France

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue Gisèle Krysztofiak Yangang Ren Min Cai patrick Mercier Frédéric Le Fur Corinne Robin Benoit Grosselin Véronique daele Max RMcGillen Yujing Mu Valéry Catoire Abdelwahid Mellouki Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace(LPC2E) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France Institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Lig’Air-Association de surveillance de la qualitéde l’air en région Centre-Val de Loire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed V University RabatMorocco

Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global *** September 2020,a small wildfire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(Loiret-Cher,Sologne,France),and its plume spread out over 200 km on the following day as observed by the MOdIS *** on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire location)in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis,young wildfire plumes were *** increases in gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particles(including black carbon)were found within the wildfire plumes,leading to a reduced air *** factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous *** in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sulfate,nitrate,chloride,and nitrite in the particle-and gasphase)and aerosol properties(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quantified and ***,we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission *** biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and *** instance,we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire while other inventories(GFEd and FINN)showed significant *** that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region,related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed.

关键词： Wildfire Air quality Emission factor Emission inventory VOLTAIRE supersite

Low-temperature catalytic methane deep oxidation over sol-gel derived mesoporous hausmannite (Mn_(3)O_(4)) spherical particles

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ChemPhysMater 2024年第3期3卷 329-340页

作者： patrick Ndouka Ndouka Stephane Kenmoe Jacques Richard Mache Elie Acayanka dick Hartmann douma Ralph Gebauer patrick Mountapmbeme Kouotou department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 814 MarouaCameroon department of Theoretical Chemistry University of Duisburg-EssenD-45141 EssenGermany department of Mining Engineering School of Geology and Mining EngineeringUniversity of NgaoundéréP.O.Box 115 MeigangaCameroon department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Groupe de Simulations Numériques en Magnétisme et Catalyse Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéMarien NgouabiB.P.69 BrazzavilleCongo The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) 34151 TriesteItaly National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua University of MarouaP.O.Box 46 MarouaCameroon Higher Institute of Agriculture WoodWater and EnvironmentUniversity of EbolowaP.O.Box 118 EbolowaCameroon

In this study,Mn_(3)O_(4) spherical particles(SPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were thermally annealed at 400℃,and comprehensively characterized.X-ray diffraction(XRd)revealed that Mn_(3)O_(4) exhibited a tetragonal spinel structure,and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy identified surfaceadsorbed functional *** electron microscopy(SEM)and the specific surface area analyses by Brunauer−Emmett−Teller(BET)revealed a porous,homogeneous surface composed of strongly agglomerated spherical grains with an estimated average particle size of∼35 nm,which corresponded to a large specific surface area of∼81.5 m^(2)/g.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis indicated that Mn_(3)O_(4) was composed of metallic cations(Mn^(4+),Mn^(3)+,and Mn^(2+))and oxygen species(O_(2)−,OH−and CO_(3)^(2−)).The optical bandgap energy is∼2.55 *** of the catalytic performance of the Mn_(3)O_(4) SPs indicated T90 conversion of CH4 to CO_(2) and H_(2)O at 398℃ for gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 72000 mL^(3) g^(−1) h^(−1).This observed performance can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the smallest spherical grain size with a mesoporous structure,which is responsible for the larger specific surface area and available surface-active oxygenated *** cooperative effect of the good reducibility,higher ratio of active species(OLat/OAds),and results of density functional theory(dFT)calculations suggested that the total oxidation of CH_(4) over the mesoporous Mn_(3)O_(4) SPs might take place via a two-term process in which both the Langmuir−Hinshelwood and Mars−van Krevelen mechanisms are cooperatively involved.

关键词： Sol-gel Manganese oxide Catalytic oxidation Methane Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism Mars−van Krevelen route Two−term process

Topology reduction through machine learning to accelerate dynamic simulation of district heating

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 247-260页

作者： dubon Rodrigue Mohamed Tahar Mabrouk Bastien Pasdeloup patrick Meyer Bruno Lacarrière IMT Atlantique GEPEAUMR CNRS 61444 rue Alfred KastlerNantesF-44307France IMT Atlantique Lab-STICCUMR CNRS 6285655 Av.du TechnopoleBrestF-29238France

district heating networks (dHNs) provide an efficient heat distribution solution in urban areas, accomplished through interconnected and insulated pipes linking local heat sources to local consumers. This efficiency is further enhanced by the capacity of these networks to integrate renewable heat sources and thermal storage systems. However, integration of these systems adds complexity to the physical dynamics of the network, necessitating complex dynamic simulation models. These dynamic physical simulations are computationally expensive, limiting their adoption, particularly in large-scale networks. To address this challenge, we propose a methodology utilizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to reduce the computational time associated with the dHNs dynamic simulations. Our approach consists in replacing predefined clusters of substations within the dHNs with trained surrogate ANNs models, effectively transforming these clusters into single nodes. This creates a hybrid simulation framework combining the predictions of the ANNs models with the accurate physical simulations of remaining substation nodes and pipes. We evaluate different architectures of Artificial Neural Network on diverse clusters from four synthetic dHNs with realistic heating demands. Results demonstrate that ANNs effectively learn cluster dynamics irrespective of topology or heating demand levels. Through our experiments, we achieved a 27% reduction in simulation time by replacing 39% of consumer nodes while maintaining acceptable accuracy in preserving the generated heat powers by sources.

关键词： district heating network Topology reduction Artificial neural networks Hybrid modeling Graph based formulation

Identifying the validity domain of machine learning models in building energy systems

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 328-341页

作者： Martin Rätz patrick Henkel Phillip Stoffel Rita Streblow dirk Müller RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor ClimateMathieustraβe 10Aachen52074Germany

The building sector significantly contributes to climate *** improve its carbon footprint,applications like model predictive control and predictive maintenance rely on system ***,the high modeling effort hinders practical *** learning models can significantly reduce this modeling *** ensure a machine learning model’s reliability in all operating states,it is essential to know its validity *** states outside the validity domain might lead to extrapolation,resulting in unpredictable *** paper addresses the challenge of identifying extrapolation in data-driven building energy system models and aims to raise knowledge about *** that,a novel approach is proposed that calibrates novelty detection algorithms towards the machine learning *** novelty detection algorithms are identified through a literature review and a benchmark test with 15 candidates.A subset of five algorithms is then evaluated on building energy ***,on two-dimensional data,displaying the results with a novel visualization *** on more complex multi-dimensional use *** methodology performs well,and the validity domain could be *** visualization allows for a profound analysis and an improved understanding of the fundamental effects behind a machine learning model’s validity domain and the extrapolation regimes.

关键词： Extrapolation detection Validity domain Novelty detection Machine learning Artificial neural network data-driven model predictive control Building energy systems

Inhaled volatile anesthetics in the intensive care unit

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第1期13卷 28-39页

作者： Erin d Wieruszewski Mariam ElSaban patrick M Wieruszewski Nathan J Smischney department of Pharmacy Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States department of Anesthesiology&Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

The discovery and utilization of volatile anesthetics has significantly transformed surgical practices since their inception in the mid-19th ***,a paradigm shift is observed as volatile anesthetics extend beyond traditional confines of the operating theatres,finding diverse applications in intensive care *** the dynamic landscape of intensive care,volatile anesthetics emerge as a promising avenue for addressing complex sedation requirements,managing refractory lung pathologies including acute respiratory distress syndrome and status asthmaticus,conditions of high sedative requirements including burns,high opioid or alcohol use and neurological conditions such as status *** anesthetics can be administered through either inhaled route via anesthetic machines/devices or through extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuitry,providing intensivists with multiple options to tailor ***,their unique pharmacokinetic profiles render them titratable and empower clinicians to individualize management with heightened accuracy,mitigating risks associated with conventional sedation *** the amounting enthusiasm for the use of these therapies,barriers to widespread utilization include expanding equipment availability,staff familiarity and training of safe *** article delves into the realm of applying inhaled volatile anesthetics in the intensive care unit through discussing their pharmacology,administration considerations in intensive care settings,complication considerations,and listing indications and evidence of the use of volatile anesthetics in the critically ill patient population.

关键词： Anesthesia Critical care Mechanical ventilation Sedation Volatile anesthetics Sedative

development of Multi-Agent-Based Indoor 3d Reconstruction

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 161-181页

作者： Hoi Chuen Cheng Frederick Ziyang Hong Babar Hussain Yiru Wang Chik patrick Yue Optical Wireless Lab Department of Electronic and Computer EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Large-scale indoor 3d reconstruction with multiple robots faces challenges in core enabling *** work contributes to a framework addressing localization,coordination,and vision processing for multi-agent reconstruction.A system architecture fusing visible light positioning,multi-agent path finding via reinforcement learning,and 360°camera techniques for 3d reconstruction is *** visible light positioning algorithm leverages existing lighting for centimeter-level localization without additional ***,a decentralized reinforcement learning approach is developed to solve the multi-agent path finding problem,with communications among agents *** 3d reconstruction pipeline utilizes equirectangular projection from 360°cameras to facilitate depth-independent reconstruction from posed monocular images using neural *** validation demonstrates centimeter-level indoor navigation and 3d scene reconstruction capabilities of our *** challenges and limitations stemming from the above enabling technologies are discussed at the end of each corresponding *** summary,this research advances fundamental techniques for multi-robot indoor 3d modeling,contributing to automated,data-driven applications through coordinated robot navigation,perception,and modeling.

关键词： Multi-agent system multi-robot human collaboration visible light communication visible light positioning 3d reconstruction reinforcement learning multi-agent path finding

Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 578-582页

作者： Markley Silva Oliveira Junior Laura Reiche Emerson daniele Ines Kortebi Maryam Faiz patrick Küry department of Neurology Neuroregeneration laboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoCanada division of Anatomy Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and *** response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair *** this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal *** will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate ***,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

关键词： astrocytes demyelination drug-based therapies myelin repair oligodendrocyte precursor cells reactive astrogliosis