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The art of building bone: emerging role of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation in endochondral ossification

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Bone Research 2018年第3期6卷 217-225页

作者： patrick Aghajanian Subburaman Mohan Musculoskeletal disease Center Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System department of Medicine Loma Linda University department of Orthopedics Loma Linda University department of Biochemistry Loma Linda University

There is a worldwide epidemic of skeletal diseases causing not only a public health issue but also accounting for a sizable portion of healthcare expenditures. The vertebrate skeleton is known to be formed by mesenchymal cells condensing into tissue elements(patterning phase) followed by their differentiation into cartilage(chondrocytes) or bone(osteoblasts) cells within the condensations. during the growth and remodeling phase, bone is formed directly via intramembranous ossification or through a cartilage to bone conversion via endochondral ossification routes. The canonical pathway of the endochondral bone formation process involves apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes followed by vascular invasion that brings in osteoclast precursors to remove cartilage and osteoblast precursors to form bone. However, there is now an emerging role for chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation in the endochondral ossification process. Although the concept of "transdifferentiation" per se is not recent,new data using a variety of techniques to follow the fate of chondrocytes in different bones during embryonic and post-natal growth as well as during fracture repair in adults have identified three different models for chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation(direct transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation to redifferentiation, and chondrocyte to osteogenic precursor). This review focuses on the emerging models of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation and their implications for the treatment of skeletal diseases as well as the possible signaling pathways that contribute to chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation processes.

关键词： cartilage(chondrocytes)or bone(osteoblasts) chondrocyte-to-osteoblast

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dental and periodontal phenotype in sclerostin knockout mice

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International Journal of Oral Science 2014年第2期6卷 70-76页

作者： Ulrike Kuchler Uwe Y Schwarze Toni dobsak patrick Heimel dieter d Bosshardt Michaela Kneissel Reinhard Gruber department of Oral Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Vienna Austria department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology School of Dental Medicine University of Berne Berne Switzerland Karl donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center Vienna Austria Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology School of Dental Medicine University of Berne Berne Switzerland Musculoskeletal disease Area Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology School of Dental Medicine University of Berne Berne Switzerland

Sclerostin is a Wnt signalling antagonist that controls bone metabolism. Sclerostin is expressed by osteocytes and cementocytes; however, its role in the formation of dental structures remains unclear. Here, we analysed the mandibles of sclerostin knockout mice to determine the influence of sclerostin on dental structures and dimensions using histomorphometry and micro-computed tomography （μCT） imaging, μCT and histomorphometric analyses were performed on the first lower molar and its surrounding structures in mice lacking a functional sclerostin gene and in wild-type controls, pCT on six animals in each group revealed that the dimension of the basal bone as well as the coronal and apical part of alveolar part increased in the sclerostin knockout mice. No significant differences were observed for the tooth and pulp chamber volume. descriptive histomorphometric analyses of four wild-type and three sclerostin knockout mice demonstrated an increased width of the cementum and a concomitant moderate decrease in the periodontal space width. Taken together, these results suggest that the lack of sclerostin mainly alters the bone and cementum phenotypes rather than producing abnormalities in tooth structures such as dentin.

关键词： alveolar bone micro-computed tomography mouse periodontium sclerostin tooth

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Construction of One-Lee Weight and Two-Lee Weight Codes over IF_p+vIF_p

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2017年第2期30卷 484-493页

作者： SHI Minjia LUO Yong SOLE patrick Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing&Signal Processing Ministry of EducationAnhui UniversityHefei 230039China School of Mathematical Sciences Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Telecom Paris Tech ParisFrance

This paper is devoted to the construction of one-Lee weight codes and two-Lee weight codes over IF_p+vIF_p(v^2=v) with type p^(2 k_1)p^(k2)p^(k3) based on two different distance-preserving Gray maps from((IF_p+vIF_p)~n, Lee weight) to(IF_p^(2 n), Hamming weight), where p is a prime. Moreover, the authors prove that the obtained two-Lee weight codes are projective only when p=2.

关键词： Generator matrix Gray map linear code one-Lee weight code two-Lee weight code

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disturbance cues in freshwater prey fishes： does urea function as an ＇early warning cue＇ in juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout？

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 250-259页

作者： Grant E. BROWN Christopher d. JACKSON patrick H. MALKA Elisa JACQUES Marc-Andre COUTURIER department of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 CANADA

Freshwater vertebrate and invertebrate prey species commonly rely on chemosensory information, including non-injury released disturbance cues, to assess local predation threats. We conducted laboratory studies to （1） determine if urea can function as a disturbance cue in juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout and （2） determine if the background level of urea influences the behavioral response to a subsequent pulse of urea （＇background noise＇ hypothesis）. In the first series of trials, juve- nile cichlids and trout were exposed to urea at varying concentrations （0 to 0.5 mg L-1 for cichlids and 0 to 1.0 mg L1 for trout）. Our results suggest that both cichilds and trout exhibited functionally similar responses to urea and conspecific disturbance cues and that increasing the concentration of urea results in an increase intensity of antipredator behaviour. In the second series of trials, we pre-exposed cichlids or trout to intermediate or high concentrations of urea （or a distilled water control） and then tested for the response to a second pulse of urea at at intermediate or high concentrations （versus a distilled water control）. Our results demon- strate that pre-exposure to urea reduces or eliminates the response to a second pulse of urea, supporting the background noise hy- pothesis. Together, our results suggest that pulses of urea, released by disturbed or stressed individuals, may function as an early warning signal in freshwater prey species

关键词： disturbance cue Metabolic wastes Chemosensory risk assessment Predator-prey interactions Convict cichlids Rainbow trout

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The genetic framework for development of nephrolithiasis

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Asian Journal of Urology 2017年第1期4卷 18-26页

作者： Vinaya Vasudevan patrick Samson Arthur d.Smith Zeph Okeke Smith Institute for Urology Hofstra Northwell School of MedicineLake SuccessNYUSA

Over 1%-15% of the population worldwide is affected by nephrolithiasis,which remains the most common and costly disease that urologists manage *** of atrisk individuals remains a theoretical and technological *** search for monogenic causes of stone disease has been largely unfruitful and a technological challenge;however,several candidate genes have been implicated in the development of *** this review,we will review current data on the genetic inheritance of stone disease,as well as investigate the evolving role of genetic analysis and counseling in the management of nephrolithiasis.

关键词： Genetics Hypercalciuria Nephrolithiasis Urolithiasis Calcium sensing receptor Cystinuria Medullary sponge kidney Autosomal dominant polcystic kidney disease Uric acid nephrolithiasis Hypercalciuria

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A Pivotal Role of dELLAs in Regulating Multiple Hormone Signals

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Molecular Plant 2016年第1期9卷 10-20页

作者： Jean-Michel daviere patrick Achard Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes (IBMP) UPR2357 associe avec l'Universite de Strasbourg 12 rue General Zimmer 67084 Strasbourg Cedex France

Plant phenotypic plasticity is controlled by diverse hormone pathways, which integrate and convey infor- mation from multiple developmental and environmental signals. Moreover, in plants many processes such as growth, development, and defense are regulated in similar ways by multiple hormones. Among them, gibberellins （GAs） are phytohormones with pleiotropic actions, regulating various growth processes throughout the plant life cycle. Previous work has revealed extensive interplay between GAs and other hor- mones, but the molecular mechanism became apparent only recently. Molecular and physiological studies have demonstrated that dELLA proteins, considered as master negative regulators of GA signaling, inte- grate multiple hormone signaling pathways through physical interactions with transcription factors or reg- ulatory proteins from different families. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in GA signaling and its direct crosstalk with the main phytohormone signaling, emphasizing the multifaceted role of dELLA proteins with key components of major hormone signaling pathways.

关键词： gibberellins dELLAs hormone crosstalk plant development phenotypic plasticity

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A survey of the Szeg? equation dedicated to Professor Jean-Yves Chemin on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第6期62卷 1087-1100页

作者： patrick Gérard Sandrine Grellier Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay Université Paris-Sud CNRSUniversité Paris-Saclay Institut denis Poisson-Université d'Orléans/Université de Tours CNRS UMR

We survey the main properties of the cubic Szeg? equation from the PdE viewpoint, emphasising global existence of smooth solutions, analytic regularity, growth of high Sobolev norms and the effects of weak damping.

关键词： cubic Szego equation integrable system Hankel operator spectral analysis analytic regularity wave turbulence

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Skew Cyclic Codes over a Non-chain Ring

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2017年第3期26卷 544-547页

作者： SHI Minjia YAO Ting SOL patrick Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing Ministry of Education Anhui University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University School of Mathematical Sciences of Anhui University CNRS/LAGA University of Paris 82 rue de la Libert93 526 Saint-Denis France

We study skew cyclic codes over a nonchain ring,which generalizes our previous results in IEICE *** Fundamentals of Electronic Communications and Computer Sciences,*** describe generator polynomials of skew cyclic codes over this ring and investigate the structural properties of skew cyclic codes over the ring by a decomposition *** generator polynomial of the dual code of a skew cyclic code are ***,the idempotent generators of skew cyclic codes are *** examples are also presented to illustrate the discussed results.

关键词： Linear codes Gray map dual codes Skew cyclic codes Generator polynomial

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Application of physics-informed neural network in the analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication

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Friction 2023年第7期11卷 1253-1264页

作者： Yang ZHAO Liang GUO patrick Pat Lam WONG School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen PolytechnicShenzhen 518055China School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The last decade has witnessed a surge of interest in artificial neural network in many different areas of scientific *** the rapid expansion in the application of neural networks,few efforts have been carried out to introduce such a powerful tool into lubrication ***,this work aims to apply the physics-informed neural network(PINN)to the hydrodynamic lubrication *** 2d Reynolds equation is *** PINN is a meshless method and does not require big data for network training compared with classical *** results are consistent with those obtained by experiments and the finite element ***,we envision that the PINN method will have great application potential in lubrication and bearing research.

关键词： physics-informed neural network hydrodynamic lubrication slider bearing

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Promoting axonal regeneration following nerve surgery： a perspective on ultrasound treatment for nerve injuries

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第9期13卷 1530-1533页

作者： Konstantin d. Bergmeister Simeon C. daeschler patrick Rhodius Philipp Schoenle Arne Bocker Ulrich Kneser Leila Harhaus department of Hand Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Burn Center Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery University of Heidelberg BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen Ludwigshafen Germany

Nerve injury is often associated with limited axonal regeneration and thus leads to delayed or incomplete axonal *** a consequence of slow nerve regeneration,target muscle function is often insufficient and leads to a lifelong ***,the diagnosis of nerve injuries has been improved and likewise surgical reconstruction has undergone significant ***,the problem of slow nerve regeneration has not been *** a recent meta-analysis,we have shown that the application of low-intensity ultrasound promotes nerve regeneration experimentally and thereby can improve functional *** we want to demonstrate the experimental effect of low intensity ultrasound on nerve regeneration,the current state of investigations and its possible future clinical applications.

关键词： peripheral nerve injuries nerve regeneration reinnervation experimental studies low-intensityultrasound adjunct treatment nerve reconstruction nerve surgery axonal injury

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