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Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第38期25卷 5732-5772页

作者： Kyle J Anderson Robert T Cormier patricia M Scott Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota Medical School

In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer *** functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract influence a variety of cellular processes,many of which overlap with these hallmarks of *** this review we focus on the roles of the calcium(Ca^2+),sodium(Na^+),potassium(K^+),chloride(Cl^-)and zinc(Zn^2+)transporters in GI cancer,with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+channel and CFTR Cl-channel in colorectal cancer(CRC).Ca^2+is a ubiquitous second messenger,serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle,apoptosis,and *** members of the TRP superfamily,including TRPM8,TRPM7,TRPM6 and TRPM2,have been implicated in GI cancers,especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon ***-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle *** VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC *** have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer ***2+transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers,in particular,ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer(PC).More than 70 K+channel genes,clustered in four families,are found expressed in the GI tract,where they regulate a range of cellular processes,including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal *** distinct types of K+channels are found dysregulated in the GI *** are hERG1 upregulation in PC,gastric cancer(GC)and CRC,leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion,and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CR

关键词： Ion channels Gastrointestinal cancer Colorectal cancer Gastric cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Prognostic biomarker Novel therapies Clinical targets

On Systems of Boundary Value Problems for Differential Inclusions

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第3期23卷 549-556页

作者： Lynn ERBE Christopher C.TISDELL patricia J.Y.WONG Department of Mathematics The University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588-0130USA School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyan9 AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

Herein we consider the existence of solutions to second-order, two-point boundary value problems （BVPs） for systems of ordinary differential inclusions. Some new Bernstein-Nagumo conditions are presented that ensure a priori bounds on the derivative of solutions to the differential inclusion. These a priori bound results are then applied, in conjunction with appropriate topological methods, to prove some new existence theorems for solutions to systems of BVPs for differential inclusions. The new conditions allow of the treatment of systems of BVPs without growth restrictions.

关键词： boundary value problem, systems of differential inclusions, existence of solutions a priori bounds Bernstein-Nagumo condition

Primary epithelial tumours of the appendix in a black population:A review of cases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第12期15卷 1472-1474页

作者： Rondell Patrell Darrell Graham Nadia patricia Williams Kamille Aisha West Department of Pathology University Hospital of the West Indies MonaKingston 7JamaicaWest Indies

AIM： To determine the and clinical features of prevalence, histologic types primary epithelial tumours of the vermiform appendix in a predominantly black population.METHODS： All cases of primary tumours of the appendix identified by review of the histopathology records at the University of the West Indies between January 1987 and June 2007 were selected. Relevant pathologic and clinical data were extracted with supplementation from patient charts where available. Non-epithelial tumours were excluded. The total number of appendectomy specimens over the period was also ascertained.RESULTS： Forty-two primary epithelial tumours were identified out of 6 824 appendectomies yielding a prevalence rate of approximately 0.62%. Welldifferentiated neuroendocrine cell tumours （carcinoids, 47.6%） and benign non-endocrine cell tumours （adenomas, 45.2%） were most common with nearly equal frequency. The median age was 43 years, with no sex predilection. Carcinoid tumours occurred in younger patients （mean age 32 years）, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2：1. A clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis was the most common reason for appendectomy （57.1%） and was histologically confirmed in 75% （18 of 24） of cases. In total, 16.7% of cases were diagnosed after incidental appendectomy.CONCLUSION： Appendiceal epithelial tumours are rare in our experience, and are represented principally by carcinoid turnours and adenornas. Carcinoid tumours occurred in younger patients but were slightly more common in men than women. Tumours were not suspected clinically and were diagnosed incidentally in specimens submitted for acute appendicitis supporting the need for histological evaluation in all resection specimens.

关键词： Epithelial tumours Appendiceal tumours Carcinoid Adenoma Appendicitis

Characterization of the Genetic Diversity of Trachemys dorbigni and Phrynops hilarii

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Asian Herpetological Research 2015年第3期6卷 213-219页

作者： GUIDETTI Brenda Yamile SIROSKI Pablo Ariel AMAVET patricia Susana Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Universidad Nacional del Litoral

The utilization of RAPD and ISSR molecular markers is proposed to initiate studies of genetic variability in Phrynops hilarii（Chelidae） and Trachemys dorbigni（Emydidae）, two species of fresh water turtles distributed in South America. Three primers of RAPD and four of ISSR were selected and the amplified products of these markers were evaluated by electrophoretic runs in agarose and polyacrylamide gels. The levels of heterozygosity, Shannon index and different allele numbers were slightly higher in P. hilarii for both types of markers. Levels of polymorphism were also higher in P. hilarii than T. dorbigni and both were elevated compared to those recorded for other species. The fact that similar results were obtained with both types of markers for all estimates of diversity highlights the usefulness and validity of the RAPD technique. The molecular markers used were found potentially useful for analysing future temporal and spatial distribution of genetic diversity in both species, expanding scales work.

关键词： fresh water turtles variability molecular markers RAPD ISSR

Neonates are more vulnerable to symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection than children:a matched cohort study in Brazil

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第6期18卷 437-442页

作者： Char Leung Luisamanda Selle Karina Mary de Paiva patricia Haas School of Clinical Medicine Addenbrooke’s HospitalUniversity of CambridgeHills RoadCambridgeCB20QQUK Department of Speech Language and Hearing SciencesFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisBrazil

As the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is one of the seven coronaviruses pathogenic to human and one of the four human coronaviruses that cause acute respiratory disease *** it affects people of all age groups,the risk of mortality is *** in many other diseases,elderly patients have a higher risk of infection,mortality,and morbidity[1].While it is a common belief that children fare better than adult and elderly,recent evidence merged that neonates and infants are associated with a higher risk of mortality and morbidity,compared to children and adolescents[2,3].For instance,a cross-country study found that the infection–fatality ratio of those aged<5 years was found to be 0.003,higher than those aged between 5 and 14 years of 0.001 despite lower than those aged between 20 and 59 that vary between 0.006 and 0.323[4].However,whether this holds true in the risk of infection is not yet *** this background,the present work aimed to verify whether neonates are more susceptible to COVID-19 using publicly available data of all polymerase chain reaction(PCR)tests performed in the state of São Paulo of Brazil.

关键词： mortality infection acute

A new molar from the Middle Pleistocene hominid assemblage of Yanhuidong, Tongzi, South China

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人类学学报 2018年第1期37卷 1-17页

作者： Anne DAMBRICOURT MALASSE ZHANG Pu patricia WILS UMR 7194 CNRS National Museum of Natural History Department of Man and Environment Institute of Human Paleontology1 Rue Rend Panhard 75013 Paris France Guizhou Mountainous Resources Institute Guizhou Academy of Sciences 550001 Guiyang Guizh

1988年,贵州省博物馆对桐梓岩灰洞的支洞进行了最后一次发掘。2014年,在洞内第四层堆积物中鉴定出逾2000件的动物牙齿化石,以及一枚古人类上颊齿(编号:TZ-1)。1991年,铀系法测定这些次生堆积物的沉积年代约为距今24万年。本文运用高精度... 详细信息

1988年,贵州省博物馆对桐梓岩灰洞的支洞进行了最后一次发掘。2014年,在洞内第四层堆积物中鉴定出逾2000件的动物牙齿化石,以及一枚古人类上颊齿(编号:TZ-1)。1991年,铀系法测定这些次生堆积物的沉积年代约为距今24万年。本文运用高精度CT(巴黎自然历史博物馆)对TZ-1的釉质齿质界面(EDJ)和牙髓腔几何形态进行了分析。TZ-1的冠面形态有如下特征:次尖小且在远中舌侧不发育,咀嚼面轮廓呈四边形,颊舌径稍大过近中远中径,原尖舌侧齿带发育,齿尖从大到小依次为原尖、后尖、前尖和次尖。TZ-1牙髓腔的髓角与其釉质齿质界面以及釉质表面的形态都具有相关性。TZ-1的形态与M1虽有相似之处,但完全不同于1983年出土于同一层位的另两颗M1;其应被鉴定为dm2,并可被归入中中更新世的中国直立人支系。岩灰洞上臼齿PA 875的形态与建始龙骨洞PA 1279和周口店直立人等古老型直立人相似。岩灰洞另一枚刚萌发的臼齿PA 874具有凸出的次尖和长菱形的外廓,接近于爪哇型直立人Sangiran NG 91-G10;这也是智人和尼安德特人的共有衍征。但PA 874的冠面仍保留了亚洲型的齿带,因而被归入人属未定种。因出土自次生堆积,岩灰洞的三种古人类类型未必曾同时并存,但却揭示了华南地区人类演化进程中的多样面貌。

关键词：桐梓上颊齿古人类中国南方中更新世

Spermiogram and sperm head morphometry assessed by multivariate cluster analysis results during adolescence （12-18 years） and the effect of varicocele

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 824-830页

作者： Fernando Vasquez Caries Soler patricia Camps Anthony Valverde Almudena Garcia-Molina Research Group on Reproductive and Sexual Health Health Sciences Division Universidad del Norte EO. Box 1569 Barranquilla Colombia Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology University of Valencia 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain R+D Department Proiser R+D Scientific Park University of Valencia 46980 Paterna Valencia Spain Technological Institute of Costa Rica Agronomy School Animal Reproduction Department San Carlos Campus 223-21001 San Carlos Costa Rica

This work evaluates sperm head morphometric characteristics in adolescents from 12 to 18 years of age, and the effect of varicocele. Volunteers between 150 and 224 months of age （mean 191, n = 87）, who had reached oigarche by 12 years old, were recruited in the area of Barranquilla, Colombia. Morphometric analysis of sperm heads was performed with principal component （PC） and discriminant analysis, Combining seminal fluid and sperm parameters provided five PCs： two related to sperm morphometry, one to sperm motility, and two to seminal fluid components. Discriminant analysis on the morphometric results of varicocele and nonvaricocele groups did not provide a useful classification matrix. Of the semen-related PCs, the most explanatory （40%） was related to sperm motility. Two PCs, including sperm head elongation and size, were sufficient to evaluate sperm morphometric characteristics. Most of the morphometric variables were correlated with age, with an increase in size and decrease in the elongation of the sperm head. For head size, the entire sperm population could be divided into two morphometric subpopulations, SP1 and SP2, which did not change during adolescence. In general, for varicocele individuals, SP1 had larger and more elongated sperm heads than SP2, which had smaller and more elongated heads than in nonvaricocele men. In summary, sperm head morphometry assessed by CASA-Morph and multivariate cluster analysis provides a better comprehension of the ejaculate structure and possibly sperm function. Morphometric analysis provides much more information than data obtained from conventional semen analysis.

关键词： adolescence CASA-Morph system seminal quality sperm head morphometry spermiogram subpopulation

Does urbanization influence the diet of a large snake？

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Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 311-318页

作者： Ashleigh K. WOLFE Philip W. BATEMAN patricia A. FLEMING Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Perth Bentley WA 6102 Australia School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Murdoch WA 6150 Australia

Urbanization facilitates synanthropic species such as rodents, which benefit the diets of many predators in cities. We investigated how urbanization affects the feeding ecology of dugites Pseudonaja affi- nis, a common elapid snake in south-west Western Australia. We predicted that urban snakes： 1） more frequently contain prey and eat larger meals, 2） eat proportionally more non-native prey, 3） eat a lower diversity of prey species, and 4） are relatively heavier, than non-urban dugites. We analyzed the diet of 453 specimens obtained from the Western Australian Museum and opportunistic road-kill collections. Correcting for size, sex, season, and temporal biases, we tested whether location influenced diet for our 4 predictions. Body size was a strong predictor of diet （larger snakes had larger prey present, a greater number of prey items, and a greater diversity of prey）. We identified potential collection biases： urban dugites were relatively smaller （snout-vent length） than non-urban specimens, and females were relatively lighter than males. Accounting for these effects, urban snakes were less likely to have prey present in their stomachs and were relatively lighter than non-urban snakes. Other urban-adapted carnivores appear to benefit from urbanization through increased food supplementation, but we found the opposite of this： urban dugites were less likely to contain a meal, and their meals were smaller, indicating they did not make greater use of synanthropic species than was evident for non-urban snakes. In contrast to other carnivores, snakes do not appear to fit a consistent directional pattern for size differences between urban and non-urban populations.

关键词： adaptation dissection feeding ecology reptile.

Potential Use of a Poultry Manure Digestate as a Biofertiliser:Evaluation of Soil Properties and Lactuca sativa Growth

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 60-69页

作者： Natalia MóRTOLA Romina ROMANIUK Vanina COSENTINO Maximiliano EIZA patricia CARFAGNO Pedro RIZZO patricia BRES Nicolás RIERA Marcos ROBA Mariano BUTTI Daiana SAINZ Lucrecia BRUTTI Soil Institute National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Institute of Zoology and Agricultural Microbiology National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Rural Engineering Institute National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA)

Anaerobic digestion is a process that is widely used for the treatment of organic wastes. The digestate can be used as a soil amendment or crop fertiliser. The aims of our work were to evaluate 1) the physicochemical composition and pathogen content in a digestate from poultry manure, according to international regulations, and 2) the effect of its soil application on the major chemical and biological soil properties and on the growth of Lactuca sativa. The experiment consisted of two groups of pots(with and without crop). Treatments applied to each group were as follows: low and high doses of digestate and inorganic fertiliser, and no application(control)(low dose: 70 kg nitrogen(N) ha^(-1) and 21 kg phosphorus(P) ha^(-1); high dose: 210 kg N ha^(-1) and 63 kg P ha^(-1)). Soil samples were taken 7 and 34 d(harvest) after treatment applications. Heavy metal and pathogen contents in the digestate were below the upper limit values. Despite the high pH and electrical conductivity values of the digestate, both soil parameters presented acceptable values for crop growth. Although there were no initial increases in total inorganic N and available P in soil with digestate application, an increase in the fresh weight of crop was observed with the high dose application. This is probably associated with the slow nutrient release from the digestate during the development of the crop. Changes in the microbial community were temporary and occurred at the initial sampling stage of the experiment.

关键词： anaerobic digestion crop yield organic fertiliser organic waste soil amendment soil chemical properties soil microbiological properties