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Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos:what is the state of the art?

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 110-129页

作者： Ruben HELENO Stephen BLAKE patricia jaramillo Anna TRAVESET Pablo VARGAS Manuel NOGALES Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies(CSIC-UIB) Terrestrial Ecology GroupMallorcaBalearic Islands Royal Botanical Garden Madrid(CSIC-RJB) Madrid Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group(CSIC-IPNA) TenerifeCanary IslandsSpain Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Vogelwarte RadolfzellRadolfzellGermany Charles Darwin Foundation Puerto AyoraSanta CruzGalapagosQuitoEcuador

The Galápagos are considered a model oceanic archipelago,with unique flora and fauna currently threatened by alien invasive *** dispersal is an important ecosystem function with consequences for plant population dynamics and vegetation ***,understanding the seed dispersal abilities of the assemblages of frugivores will inform scientists and managers of the dynamics of plant invasions and improve management *** we provide the first comprehensive review of published information on frugivory and animal seed dispersal in the Galá*** collected data from a variety of sources,including notes of the first naturalist expeditions,gray literature available only in Galápagos collections,and peer-reviewed journal ***–animal frugivorous interactions were retrieved from 43 studies and compiled into an interaction matrix describing 366 unique *** studies focused on fruit consumption as a driving force for natural selection,but seed fate was seldom *** most(71%)of the interactions involved native plants,more than one-quarter(28%)involved introduced *** involving birds are considerably more common than those of reptiles and mammals,probably reflecting a research bias towards *** the historical importance of the archipelago as the laboratory for evolutionary and ecological research,understanding of its seed dispersal systems is *** end the review by suggesting 3 priority areas of research on frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos:(i)target research to close knowledge gaps;(ii)the use of a network approach to frame seed dispersal at the community level;and(iii)evaluation of the effect of seed dispersal as a selective pressure acting upon plants and ***,the output of this research has to be properly delivered to the Galápagos National Park Services to help increase management effectiveness.

关键词： conservation planning oceanic islands plant invasions plant-animal interaction seed predation

昆虫病原真菌在当前和未来的温室生态系统中的作用(英文)

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安徽农业大学学报 2007年第2期34卷 157-161页

作者：马克.格特尔 Colleen Alma patricia jaramillo Jeong Jun Kim David Gillespie Bernard Roitberg Lethbridge Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaP.O.3000LethbridgeAB T1J 4B1Canada Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCV5A 1S6Canada Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaP.O.Box 1000AgassizBCV0M 1A0Canada

There are several biopesticides based on entomopathogenic fungi available in the market for use against insect pests in greenhouse *** most are compatible for use with predators and parasitoids in greenhouse ecosystems,much more research is needed to determine the intraguild interactions for each combination of host,pathogen,predator,and *** research has demonstrated that,although direct effects on the predators could be demonstrated in laboratory bioassays,different results were found under greenhouse conditions,indicating that results obtained in the laboratory may be a poor predictor of what occurs in the *** both cases,additive effects were obtained under greenhouse conditions,demonstrating *** addition,there is increasing evidence that entomopathogenic fungi have significant potential for dual management of invertebrate pests and plant *** studies demonstrated that 3 species of Lecanicillium had significant effects on both aphids and cucumber powdery mildew,Sphaerotheca fuliginea;that the fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus was compatible with a mirid predator,Disyphus hesperus,when used concurrently against greenhouse whitefly,Trialeurodes vaporariorum;and that Lecaniciullium longisporum was compatible with a predatory midge,Aphidoletes aphidimyza when used concurrently against green peach aphids.

关键词：昆虫病原真菌温室生态系统

Experimental model for the description of the behaviour of a 9-mm projectile at a target

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第1期6卷 67-74页

作者： patricia Morales-Vega Daniel Esteban jaramillo-Arango Jaime Alberto Osorio-Velez David Norena-Blandon Instituto de Fısica Universidad de AntioquiaMedellınColombia

Analysis of crime scenes involving single-fire-gun projectiles requires the determination of the direction of arrival of a projectile at the target and other factors to reconstruct *** movement of a projectile can be analyzed by applying Euler’s equations to a solid symmetrical rigid *** present work starts from a Newtonian reformulation of these equations to show that,in the presence of a gravitational field,the system can be expressed with a complex variable nonlinear equation,where the inclusion of small nutation variables allows us to find possible *** a particular case,we analyzed the movement of a 9-mm projectile fired from distances greater than 1 m to demonstrate that the direction of arrival of the projectile at the target cannot be traced by a stick placed in the target hole,as is usually performed in crime investigations.A series of shots were fired from distances varying between 1 m and 7 *** data were recorded on Riemann planes of projection for the description of nutation and precession motions,allowing the observation of the motion dynamics of the *** show that the direction of arrival at the target can be determined approximately from the analysis of the nutation and precession curves through Riemann planes of *** results presented in this work will allow more accurate judgements to be made in judicial investigations.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic ballistics firearm gyroscopic motion Euler equations nutation precession projectile motion

Specific primers design based on the superoxide dismutase b gene for Trypanosoma cruzi as a screening tool:Validation method using strains from Colombia classified according to their discrete typing unit

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第11期7卷 854-859页

作者： Francisco Olmo Javier Escobedo-Ortegón patricia Palma Manuel Sánchez-Moreno Ana Mejía-jaramillo Omar Triana Clotilde Marín Grupo de Parasitologia Molecular Departmento de Parasitologia Universidad de Granada Laboratorio de Zoonosis y ETV's C.I.R.Dr.Hideyo NoguchiUniversidad Autonoma de YucatanAve.Itzaes #490 x 5997000 MeridaYucatan(Mexico) Grupo Biologiay Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas BCEI-SIU Instituto de BiologiaUniversidad de Antioquia

Objective:To classify 21 new isolates of Trypanosoma cruai(***) according to the Discrete Typing Unit(DTU) which they belong to,as well as tune up a new pair of primers designed to detect the parasite in biological ***:Strains were isolated,DNA extracted,and classified by using three Polymerase Chain Reactions(PCR).Subsequently this DNA was used along with other isolates of various biological samples,for a new PCR using primers ***,the amplified fragments were ***:It was observed the predominance of DTU i in Colombia,as well as the specificity of our primers for detection of ***,while no band was obtained when other species were ***:This work reveals the genetic variability of 21 new isolates of *** in *** primers confirmed their specificity for detecting the presence of ***.

关键词： Trypanosoma cruzi Polymerase chain reaction Colombia Superoxide dismutase gene b-based primers Discrete typing unit

Appraisal of Five Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in Andean Countries and Europe

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2014年第5期4卷 211-216页

作者： Juan Moreira Edison jaramillo Mariella Anselmi Roberto Sempertegui patricia Ortiz Maria Belen Mena Gianni Tognoni Centro de Epidemiología Comunitaria y Medicina Tropical Esmeraldas Ecuador Department of Community Health Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Central del Ecuador Quito Ecuador Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Quito Ecuador Fundación Salud Ambiente y Desarrollo Quito Ecuador

There is global concern on the methodological limitations, transferability and effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for chronic non-communicable diseases, particularly for hypertension. Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru have regularly produced CPGs;however no formal assessment has been done on their contents, transferability and effectiveness. The past decade saw significant migration from Andean countries to Europe. Knowing how European CPGs compare with those produced in Andean countries is necessary to recommend future changes targeted to the migrant population. A systematic search of CPGs was done on indexed databases and non-indexed publications. Recognized and approved CPGs were identified by technical officers in the Ministries of Health of the respective countries. The guidelines of the European Society of hypertension and four selected CPGs from the Andean countries were assessed by two independent evaluators using the “Agree II instrument for assessing clinical practice guidelines, AGREE II Consortium, May 2009”. Comparison of the CPGs is based on the six domain scores provided by the Agree II instrument. The overall score of CPGs ranged from 1.85 to 2.94 of 6 maximum possible. The European CPG scored highest in 3 of 6 domains compared, most notably in rigor of development. Average domain scores for clarity of presentation (0.84) and scope and purpose (0.64) were highest scores for applicability (0.30). Stakeholder involvement (0.28) and rigor of development (0.17) were the lowest. The CPGs assessed appear to fail meeting the standards of quality and pertinence. They show a progressive worsening from domains declaring good intentions of being clear, to those which measure their hard aspects and implications.

关键词： Hypertension Clinical Practice Guidelines Andean Countries Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Three Andean Countries: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis 2000-2017

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2019年第10期9卷 718-736页

作者： Juan Moreira patricia Ortiz Roberto Sempertegui Mariella Anselmi Karen Pesse Edison jaramillo Oscar Betancourt Gianni Tognoni Centro de Epidemiología Comunitaria y Medicina Tropical Esmeraldas Ecuador Fundación Salud Ambiente y Desarrollo Quito Ecuador Departamento de Pediatria Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i Medicina Preventiva Doctorante en Metodología de la Investigación Biomédicay Salud Pública Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Barcelona España Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Facultad de Medicina Quito Ecuador Fondazione Mario Negri Sud Sta Maria Imbaro Italy

Background and Objective: A systematic review of the epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and smoking in three Latin American countries was carried out. Reliability and local representativeness of this information is fundamental for tailoring non-communicable disease control strategies to the context. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases and gray literature were searched for descriptive and cross-sectional population studies reporting prevalence of the above-mentioned risk factors in populations aged over 18 years in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia, published between January 2000 and December 2017. Results: 29 articles, which together included a population of 38,271 individuals, were incorporated in the synthesis. A pooled prevalence was obtained for?each risk factor: smoking in men 37.60% [31.56 - 43.63] was the most frequent risk factor, followed by hypercholesterolemia 26.45% [18.89 - 34.02] and obesity in women 25.53% [19.78 - 31.29]. The Global prevalence of hypertension was 19.54% [15.34 - 23.74], similar for men and women (23.11;23.26 respectively). Conclusions: Estimated pooled prevalence for the main cardiovascular risk factors is high and similar to the ones reported by international estimates, especially for hypertension and obesity. Estimated prevalence of diabetes was lowerthan the previously reported whereas for smoking it was higher. Although prevalence can be a useful indicator for monitoring the epidemiological situation of NCCD in a country, other indicators, especially?those allowing visualizing the results of interventions at local level are needed.

关键词： Cardiovascular Hypertension Risk Factors

Effectiveness of an Secondary Prevention Program in Chronic Kidney Disease

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2013年第3期3卷 139-147页

作者： Carlos Enrique Yepes Delgado Yanett Marcela Montoya jaramillo Beatriz Elena Orrego Orozco Paulina Bernal Ramírez Luz Denise González José Miguel Abad Echeverri María patricia Arbeláez Montoya University of Antioquia Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe EPS SURA Medellín Colombia

Background: There are many programs which focus on late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it is considered that further evidence needs to be generated regarding the effectiveness of the programs used before renal replacement therapy. Study Design: A cohort study. Settings & Participants: Patients over 15 years of age who had been diagnosed with CKD according to the KDOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) guidelines and who had undergone conventional treatment (CT) or a renal protection program (RPP). These were patients of two Colombian health insurance companies. Predictors: Age, sex, marital status, comorbidities, CKD stage, and clinical indicators. Outcomes: First CKD progression, and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Measures: Clinical marker. Results: The RPP is structurally and functionally different from the CT. It offers the interdisciplinary management of patients, a greater number of medical appointments, and patients start to receive treatment at younger ages and at earlier stages of their condition. The clinical markers of the patients following the RPP are within adequate ranges, and their renal function is less impaired, despite the differences in basal conditions. Upon finishing the study, we found that patients who received CT had a higher risk of receiving nephrotoxic drugs and not receiving nephroprotective drugs. The explanatory variables for the first progression were age, stage, history of dyslipidemia, and hemoglobin, potassium, and albumin levels. These variables, together with glycemia levels were also valid for RRT, except for history of dyslipidemia, as it was not significant. Upon adjusting for the explanatory variables, it was found that belonging to the RPP and attending more appointments had a protective effect in the process of controlling renal damage. Limitations: A possible selection bias. Conclusions: Belonging to a structured renal protection program is an effective way to keeping the clinical markers asso

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease Renal Protection Program Effectiveness Clinical Markers Progression of Renal Damage Renal Replacement Program