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中华高血压杂志 2016年第10期24卷 937-937页

作者：刘莉叶鹏 Vos MB Kaar JL Welsh JA Van Horn LV Feig DI Anderson CA patel mj Cruz Munos J Krebs NF Xanthakos SA Johnson RK American Heart Association Nutrition Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health Council on Clinical Cardiology Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nurs-ing Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Council on Func-tional Genomics and Translational Biology Council on Hypertension

不良的生活方式行为是导致全球可预防疾病的原因。膳食中添加糖可使其富含能量但营养差,且可增加发展为肥胖、心血管病、高血压、肥胖相关的癌症和龋齿的风险。方法和结果：美国心脏协会对目前的科学证据进行审查和分级,探讨添加糖对儿... 详细信息

不良的生活方式行为是导致全球可预防疾病的原因。膳食中添加糖可使其富含能量但营养差,且可增加发展为肥胖、心血管病、高血压、肥胖相关的癌症和龋齿的风险。方法和结果：美国心脏协会对目前的科学证据进行审查和分级,探讨添加糖对儿童心血管健康的影响。

关键词：心血管病风险儿童糖美国心脏协会心血管健康预防疾病生活方式

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Surgical interventions for anterior shoulder instability in rugby players: A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第4期6卷 400-408页

作者： Sanjeeve Sabharwal Nirav K patel Anthony mj Bull Peter Reilly SpR Trauma and Orthopaedics Imperial College NHS Trust St Mary’s Hospital Musculoskeletal Mechanics Imperial College London Imperial College London Imperial College NHS Trust St Mary’s Hospital

AIM: To systematically evaluate the evidence-based literature on surgical treatment interventions for elite rugby players with anterior shoulder instability. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in PubM ed, EMBASE and Google Scholar using the following search terms: "rugby" and "shoulder" in combination with "instability" or "dislocation". All articles published from inception of the included data sources to January 1st 2014 that evaluated surgical treatment of elite rugby players with anterior shoulder instability were examined. RESULTS: Only five studies were found that met the eligibility criteria. A total of 379 shoulders in 376 elite rugby union and league players were included. All the studies were retrospective cohort or case series studies. The mean Coleman Methodological Score for the 5 studies was 47.4(poor). Owing to heterogeneity amongst the studies, quantitative synthesis was not possible, however a detailed qualitative synthesis is reported. The overall recurrence rate of instability after surgery was 8.7%, and the mean return to competitive play, where reported, was 13 ***: Arthroscopic stabilization has been performed successfully in acute anterior instability and there is a preference for open Latarjet-type procedures when instability is associated with osseous defects.

关键词： Shoulder Instability Dislocation Rugby Latarjet

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Predictors of spine deformity progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第7期6卷 537-558页

作者： Andriy Noshchenko Lilian Hoffecker Emily M Lindley Evalina L Burger Christopher mj Cain Vikas V patel Andrew P Bradford Department of Orthopaedics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Health Sciences Library University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Department of Orthopaedics and Gyneco-logy University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

AIM: To evaluate published data on the predictors of progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS) in order to evaluate their efficacy and level of evidence. METHODS: Selection criteria:(1) study design: randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective cohort studies and case series, retrospective comparative and none comparative studies;(2) participants: adolescents with AIS aged from 10 to 20 years; and(3) treatment: observation, bracing, and other. Search method: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Pub Medand patent data bases. All years through August 2014 were included. Data were collected that showed an association between the studied characteristics and the progression of AIS or the severity of the spine deformity. Odds ratio(OR), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also collected. A metaanalysis was performed to evaluate the pooled OR and predictive values, if more than 1 study presented a result. The GRADE approach was applied to evaluate the level of ***: The review included 25 studies. All studies showed statistically significant or borderline association between severity or progression of AIS with the following characteristics:(1) An increase of the Cobb angle or axial rotation during brace treatment;(2) decrease of the rib-vertebral angle at the apical level of the convex side during brace treatment;(3) initial Cobb angle severity(> 25o);(4) osteopenia;(5) patient age < 13 years at diagnosis;(6) premenarche status;(7) skeletal immaturity;(8) thoracic deformity;(9) brain stem vestibular dysfunction; and(10) multiple indices combining radiographic, demographic, and physiologic characteristics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the following genes:(1) calmodulin 1;(2) estrogen receptor 1;(3) tryptophan hydroxylase 1;(3) insulin-like growth factor 1;(5) neurotrophin 3;(6) interleukin-17 receptor C;(7) melatonin receptor 1B, and(8) Scoli Score test. Other predictors included:(1) impairment of mela

关键词： Orthopedics Scoliosis Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Spine deformity Predictors

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Conversion of Residue Straws Using Intermediate Pyrolysis for Decentralised Off-Grid Electricity Generation in India

Conversion of Residue Straws Using Intermediate Pyrolysis fo...

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The 20th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition

作者： Sagi,S. patel,A.R. Apfelbacher,A. Tyagi,H. Singh,H. Hornung,A.

Intermediate pyrolysis for biomass conversion is an existing alternative to off?grid electricity production from fossil fuel resources, which helps and supports local farmers, reduces the dependency on imports and creates by this way a long term sustainable and economical way of rural energy conversion. Use of agricultural residues, like wheat or rice straw for energy conversion, is the most effective measure in terms of costs and availability. The straw obtained from the field is milled and pelletized prior to the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis tests are carried on a lab scale Pyroformer with wheat straw at a feed rate of 20 kg/h. The products of the process are the vapour and the char. The vapours are quenched using biodiesel as direct contact medium without any hot gas filtration. The process temperature was at 360 °C and the yields for the product fractions char, pyrolysis oil, and non?condensable gas fractions were, 33 %, 33 %, and 34 % respectively. The pyrolysis oil was condensed in a quenching unit using bio?diesel. The blend produced was 30 % pyrolysis liquid and 70 % bio?diesel. The blended oil has a heating value of 36 mj/kg, and acidity of 4.8, no separate water fraction appeared.

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