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A semi-empirical model for top-down cracking depth evolution in thick asphalt pavements with open-graded friction courses

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第2期9卷 244-260页

作者： Francesco Canestrari Lorenzo paolo Ingrassia Amedeo Virgili Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Edile e Architettura(DICEA)UniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAncona 60131Italy

Thick asphalt pavements with open-graded friction course(OGFC) are exposed to topdown cracking(TDC), a distress consisting of longitudinal cracks that initiate on the pavement surface close to the wheel path and propagate downwards. The main objective of this study is to develop a semi-empirical model for the prediction of TDC depth evolution for such pavements. For this purpose, a series of cores were taken from different Italian motorway pavements affected by TDC and analyzed in the laboratory. Cracked cores taken from the wheel path area were analyzed to determine TDC depth, whereas intact cores taken from the middle of the lane(not affected by traffic loadings) were tested to obtain the volumetric and mechanical properties of the OGFC mixture. The proposed model, developed on the basis of the results already available in literature and on the findings of the laboratory investigation, predicts the evolution of TDC depth as a function of the applied traffic loadings(in terms of 12-ton fatigue equivalent single axle loads, i.e., ESALs). The model is sigmoidal with a maximum TDC depth assumed equal to 150 mm. The shape parameter of the sigmoidal function depends on the indirect tensile strength(ITS) of the OGFC mixtures(which takes into account indirectly also the volumetrics and stiffness of the OGFC), whereas the evolutive translation factor depends on the age of the OGFC mixture. After excluding some outliers, the model was able to predict the measured TDC depth very well. Moreover, in-situ observations allowed a preliminary validation of the proposed model. This model can be used in pavement management systems(PMSs) to plan surface repairs due to TDC in a timely manner, thus minimizing pavement damage and maintenance costs.

关键词： Top-down cracking(TDC) Asphalt pavement Open-graded friction course(OGFC) Porous asphalt(PA) Pavement management system(PMS) Modelling

Potential role of the microbiome in liver injury during COVID-19: Further research is needed

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第3期29卷 503-507页

作者： Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone paolo Pedersini Department of Research Analytics Saveetha Dental College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Chennai 600077India IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Milan 20148Italy

Although different studies have associated coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)with the occurrence of liver injury,the hepatic injury route during the COVID-19 course is not yet fully understood.In order to better understand the mechanisms of the disease,the human gut microbiota has been the subject of extensive discussion in the context of COVID-19 pathophysiology.However,many questions remain,including the risks of liver injury due to COVID-19 specific populations.Further research in this field could allow the discovery of new personalized treatment strategies aimed at improving the microbiota composition,thereby reducing COVID-19 severity and its complications in different populations.In this article,we discussed basic mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and recent evidence on the relationship between COVID-19,the gut microbiome and liver injury as well as proposed recommendations for further research.

关键词： COVID-19 Gut microbiota Coronavirus Gut microbial-host-immune axis Gut-lung axis Liver injury

Multi-temporal modeling of road-induced overland flow alterations in a terraced landscape characterized by shallow landslides

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 240-253页

作者： Luca Mauri Eugenio Straffelini paolo Tarolli Department of Land EnvironmentAgriculture and ForestryUniversity of PadovaAgripolisViale Dell’Università 1635020Legnaro(PD)Italy

The presence of roads in high steep agricultural systems is often linked with landslides occurrence.This research aims to model multi-temporal overland flow dynamics in a shallow landslides-prone terraced landscape(northern Italy).The combined use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems(RPAS)and photo-grammetric techniques(e.g.,Structure from Motion-SfM)allowed to elaborate multi-temporal high-resolution Digital Elevation Models(DEMs).Hydrological analyses of water flow's depth alterations due to the road presence were carried out adopting the SIMulated Water Erosion model(SIMWE),focusing on different scenarios considering the presence of the road and assuming its absence through a specific DEM smoothing procedure.The possibility to perform multi-temporal hydrological simulations at a hillslope scale so as to analyse the role played by the road in overland flows alteration is still a challenge to be investigated.Results proved the role played by the road in water flows change above the two observed shallow landslides,with respective maximum water depth values equal to 0.18 m and 0.14 m.On the contrary,no-road simulations not revealed significant water flows deviations towards landslides,with water depth values around 0 m,underlining that the absence of the road would avoid relevant changes in water flow paths toward the collapsed surfaces.This work could be a solid starting point for analyse road impact on runoff dynamics and hillslopes stability also at a wider scale,as well as for planning efficient mitigation intervention so as to reduce the occurrence of similar future scenarios.

关键词： Terraced landscape Road Landslide Remote sensing DEM

A formal model for ledger management systems based on contracts and temporal logic

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第1期3卷 65-79页

作者： paolo Bottoni Anna Labella Remo Pareschi Department of Computer Science Sapienza University of Rome00185RomaItaly Stake Lab University of Molise86100CampobassoItaly

A key component of blockchain technology is the ledger,viz.,a database that,unlike standard databases,keeps in memory the complete history of past transactions as in a notarial archive for the benefit of any future test.In second-generation blockchains such as Ethereum,the ledger is coupled with smart contracts,which enable the automation of transactions associated with agreements between the parties of a financial or commercial nature.The coupling of smart contracts and ledgers provides the technological background for very innovative application areas,such as Decentralized Autonomous Organizations(DAOs),Initial Coin Offerings(ICOs),and Decentralized Finance(DeFi),which propelled blockchains beyond cryptocurrencies that were the only focus of first generation blockchains,such as Bitcoin.However,the currently used implementation of smart contracts as arbitrary programming constructs has made them susceptible to dangerous bugs that can be exploited maliciously and has moved their semantics away from that of legal contracts.We propose here to recompose the split and recover the reliability of databases by formalizing a notion of contract modeled as a finite-state automaton with well-defined computational characteristics derived from encoding in terms of allocations of resources to actors,as an alternative to the approach based on programming.To complete the work,we use temporal logic as the basis for an abstract query language that is effectively suited to the historical nature of the information kept in the ledger.

关键词： Ledger Contract Database Transaction Automata theory Temporal logic

全球生活用纸设备供需变化:可持续性、能源节约和数字化

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生活用纸 2024年第5期24卷 43-51页

作者： Jenny Lahti Samuelsson paolo Raffaelli Shinji Goda Marcelo Marlon Silveira dos Santos 彭伟东 Roy Vincent Valter Canelli 维美德生活用纸拓斯克川之江设计部 Hergen工程应用技术部门宝索机械制造有限公司安德里茨北美生活用纸亚赛利纸业

在当前的经济环境下,设备高度灵活性已成为全球产业供应链应对生产时的特点,主要体现为对生产环节的持续监测和先进诊断技术、高效的数据储存、智能自动化、热电联产,以及减碳采购等措施。Tissue World杂志对全球领先的卫生纸机供应商... 详细信息

在当前的经济环境下,设备高度灵活性已成为全球产业供应链应对生产时的特点,主要体现为对生产环节的持续监测和先进诊断技术、高效的数据储存、智能自动化、热电联产,以及减碳采购等措施。Tissue World杂志对全球领先的卫生纸机供应商进行了专访,请他们分别就全球生活用纸市场的可持续能源利用及智能化设备生产技术等话题发表独到见解。

关键词：供需变化可持续能源智能自动化智能化设备数据储存生活用纸卫生纸机能源节约

Virtual earth cloud: a multi-cloud framework for enabling geosciences digital ecosystems

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 43-65页

作者： Mattia Santoro paolo Mazzetti Stefano Nativi National Research Council of Italy Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research-Unit of FlorenceRomaItaly Joint Research Centre of the European Commission B6 UnitIspraltaly

Humankind is facing unprecedented global environmental and social challenges in terms of food,water and energy security,resilience to natural hazards,etc.To address these challenges,international organizations have defined a list of policy actions to be achieved in a relatively short and medium-term timespan.The development and use of knowledge platforms is key in helping the decision-making process to take significant decisions(providing the best available knowledge)and avoid potentially negative impacts on society and the environment.Such knowledge platforms must build on the recent and next coming digital technologies that have transformed society–including the science and engineering sectors.Big Earth Data(BED)science aims to provide the methodologies and instruments to generate knowledge from numerous,complex,and diverse data sources.BED science requires the development of Geoscience Digital Ecosystems(GEDs),which bank on the combined use of fundamental technology units(i.***.big data,learning-driven artificial intelligence,and network-based computing platform)to enable the development of more detailed knowledge to observe and test planet Earth as a whole.This manuscript contributes to the BED science research domain,by presenting the Virtual Earth Cloud:a multi-cloud framework to support GDE implementation and generate knowledge on environmental and social sustainability.

关键词： Earth observation geosciences digital ecosystem virtual cloud big earth data multi-cloud interoperability science

The allometric propagation of COVID-19 is explained by human travel

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第1期7卷 122-133页

作者： Rohisha Tuladhar paolo Grigolini Fidel Santamaria Department of Biology University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78249USA Department of Physics University of North TexasDentonTX76203USA

We analyzed the number of cumulative positive cases of COVID-19 as a function of time in countries around the World.We tracked the increase in cases from the onset of the pandemic in each region for up to 150 days.We found that in 81 out of 146 regions the trajectory was described with a power-law function for up to 30 days.We also detected scale-free properties in the majority of sub-regions in Australia,Canada,China,and the United States(US).We developed an allometric model that was capable of fitting the initial phase of the pandemic and was the best predictor for the propagation of the illness for up to 100 days.We then determined that the power-law COVID-19 exponent correlated with measurements of human mobility.The COVID-19 exponent correlated with the magnitude of air passengers per country.This correlation persisted when we analyzed the number of air passengers per US states,and even per US metropolitan areas.Furthermore,the COVID19 exponent correlated with the number of vehicle miles traveled in the US.Together,air and vehicular travel explained 70%of the variability of the COVID-19 exponent.Taken together,our results suggest that the scale-free propagation of the virus is present at multiple geographical scales and is correlated with human mobility.We conclude that models of disease transmission should integrate scale-free dynamics as part of the modeling strategy and not only as an emergent phenomenological property.

关键词： COVID-19 propagation Human mobility Power law scaling Allometric model Scalefree dynamics

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: a potential therapeutic tool in neurodegenerative diseases

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 444-460页

作者： Kareem Khalaf paolo Tornese Antoniangela Cocco Alberto Albanese Department of Neurology IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalRozzanoMIItaly

Most neurodegenerative disorders are diseases of protein homeostasis, with misfolded aggregates accumulating. The neurodegenerative process is mediated by numerous metabolic pathways, most of which lead to apoptosis. In recent years, hydrophilic bile acids, particularly tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), have shown important anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities, with numerous experimental and clinical evidence suggesting their possible therapeutic use as disease-modifiers in neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental evidence on the mechanisms underlying TUDCA’s neuroprotective action derives from animal models of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and cerebral ischemia. Preclinical studies indicate that TUDCA exerts its effects not only by regulating and inhibiting the apoptotic cascade, but also by reducing oxidative stress, protecting the mitochondria, producing an anti-neuroinflammatory action, and acting as a chemical chaperone to maintain the stability and correct folding of proteins. Furthermore, data from phase II clinical trials have shown TUDCA to be safe and a potential disease-modifier in ALS. ALS is the first neurodegenerative disease being treated with hydrophilic bile acids. While further clinical evidence is being accumulated for the other diseases, TUDCA stands as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Alzheimer’s disease Bile acids Disease-modifying Huntington’s disease Neurodegeneration Neuroprotection Parkinson’s disease Ursodeoxycholic acid Tauroursodeoxycholic acid

Enzyme‐powered micromotors based on hierarchical porous MOFs

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第3期43卷 584-585页

作者： Lei Gan paolo Falcaro Christian Doonan Unknown Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Graz University of TechnologyAustria Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials the University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

Bioinspired micro‐/nano‐motors are artificial micro‐/nano‐machines that can convert various forms of energy to propel their movement[1].For example,the motion of some of these micromachines can be precisely controlled by application of external physical stimuli including magnetic,electric and acoustic fields[2,3].Inspired by the study of microorganisms,researchers have been exploring also the use of available chemical energy from the local environment to trigger and sustain self‐propulsion[4].Within this research direction,Metal‐organic frameworks(MOFs)—a class of extended materials synthesized via a modular approach from inorganic(metal clusters or ions)and organic linkers[5]—offer excellent opportunities for the design and synthesis of self‐propelled micromotors.MOFs typically possess ultra‐high surface areas that allow facile access to densely populated catalytically active sites imbedded within their pore networks.Through careful design these catalytic sites can be exploited to convert chemical energy into kinetic energy resulting in self‐propulsion of the MOF crystal[6].In addition,rigidity,density,crystalline pore organization and pore size of MOFs can be optimized to carry out a swimming‐type motion[7].

关键词： convert porous rigidity