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Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysts:Past,Present,and Future

Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第12期2卷 1239-1250页

作者： Qingfeng Zhai ying pan Liming Dai Australian Carbon Materials Centre(ACMC) School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

CONSPECTUS:Due to the overuse of fossil fuels,various detrimental effects along with the excess CO_(2)emissions have induced global warming and sea-level *** tackle climate change and provide a cleaner environment for the air we breathe and water we consume,the existing energy mix needs to be changed into fossil-free,clean,renewable energy with zero emission(e.g.,fuel cells).While providing a promising and scalable strategy to the energy and environmental challenges,renewable energy processes often involve noble-metal-based catalysts(i.e.,Pt,RuO_(2)).However,the disadvantages of noblemetal-based catalysts,including their high cost and scarcity,have hampered the large-scale application of renewable energy *** 2009,we discovered earth-abundant carbon materials functioning as efficient low-cost,carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysts(C-MFECs)attractive for renewable energy and environmental *** then,C-MFECs have become an emerging new research field over the *** are demonstrated to be efficient multifunctional catalysts for various key reactions important to renewable energy and environmental technologies,including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),and N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR),to name a *** transfer/redistribution induced by heteroatom(e.g.,N)and/or defect doping was recognized as the driving force for the metal-free catalytic *** finding has been used as a guidance to design and develop various new and multifunctional C-MFECs for many reactions even beyond the renewable energy and environmental *** this Account,we first summarize our previous work on the development and mechanistic understanding of C-MFECs for ORR,HER,and OER to promote renewable energy conversion and ***,we present recent advances in C-MFECs for new important reactions for environment remediation(e.g.,CO_(2)RR,NRR),seawater

关键词： properties. field. doping

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Energy Embodied in Goods in International Trade of China: Calculation and Policy Implications

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2011年第1期9卷 16-32页

作者： Chen ying pan Jiahua Xie Laihui Research Centre for Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100732 China

In recent years, China's energy demand and Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have grown very fast, quite an amount of which was exported as energy embodied in goods in international trade rather than consumed domestically. Starting from the concept of embodied energy, based on input-output energy analysis approach, in this paper the energy embodied in goods in international trade of China during the period from 2001 to 2006 is calculated. The results show that although China has become a net importer of petroleum since 1993, China is a net exporter of embodied energy due to international trade in goods. In 2002, the total amount of energy embodied in exported goods was about 410 million tce (ton of coal equivalent, hereinafter referred to as "tce"). Eliminating the amount of energy embodied in imported goods of about 170 million tce, the net export of embodied energy was about 240 million tce, accounting for 16% of the aggregate primary energy consumption of that very year in China, and the net export of embodied emissions was about 150 million tons of carbon. With the rapid growth of China's international trade, assuming no structural input-output changes of among sectors, in 2006 the net export of embodied energy went up to about 630 million tce, an increase of 162 % over 2002. In addition, this paper also analyzes the possible sources of error in calculation, and also discusses the policy implications according to the result of the calculation.

关键词： international trade embodied energy Input-output Analysis GHG emissionss

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Methylation profile of bovine Oct4 gene coding region in relation to three germ layers

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第3期15卷 618-628页

作者： ZHOU Xin-yu LIU Liang-liang JIA Wen-chao pan Chuan-ying College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University School of Computer Science & Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityShaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture

Previous studies have shown that octamer-binding transcription factor 4（Oct4） plays a significant role in early embryonic development of mammalian animals, and different Oct4 expression levels induce multi-lineage differentiation which are regulated by DNA methylation. To explore the relationship between the methylation pattern of Oct4 gene exon 1 and embryonic development, in this work, five different tissues（heart, liver, lung, cerebrum and cerebellum） from three germ layers were chosen from low age（50–60 d） and advanced age（60–70 d） of fetal cattle and the differences between tissues or ages were analyzed, respectively. The result showed that the DNA methylation level of Oct4 gene exon 1 was significant different（P〈0.01） between any two of three germ layers in low age（〈60 d）, but kept steady of advanced age（P〉0.05）（〉60 d）, suggesting that 60-d post coital was an important boundary for embryonic development. In addition, in ectoderm（cerebrum and cerebellum）, there was no significant methylation difference of Oct4 gene exon 1 between low age and advanced age（P〉0.05）, but the result of endoderm（liver and lung） and mesoderm（heart） were on the contrary（P〈0.01）, which indicated the development of ectoderm was earlier than endoderm and mesoderm. The methylation differences from the 3rd, 5th and 9th Cp G-dinucleotide loci of Oct4 gene exon 1 were significantly different between each two of three germ layers（P〈0.05）, indicating that these three loci may have important influence on bovine embryonic development. This study showed that bovine germ layers differentiation was significantly related to the DNA methylation status of Oct4 gene exon 1. This work firstly identified the DNA methylation profile of bovine Oct4 gene exon 1 and its association with germ layers development in fetus and adult of cattle. Moreover, the work also provided epigenetic information for further studying bovine embryonic development and cellular reprogramming.

关键词： bovine DNA methylation octamer-binding transcription factor 4(Oct4) exon germ layer

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Identification and evaluation of reference genes for normalization in quantitative real-time PCR analysis in the premodel tree Betula luminifera

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第2期28卷 273-282页

作者： Jun Wu Junhong Zhang ying pan Huahong Huang Xiongzhen Lou Zaikang Tong Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityLin'anHangzhou 311300ZhejiangPeople's Republic of China

Betula luminifera is a commercial tree species that is emerging as a new model system for tree genomics research. A draft genomic sequence is expected to be publicly available in the near future, which means that an explosion of gene expression studies awaits. Thus, the work of selecting appropriate reference genes for q PCR normalization in different tissues or under various experimental conditions is extremely valuable. In this study, ten candidate genes were analyzed in B. luminifera subjected to different abiotic stresses and at various flowering *** expression stability of these genes was evaluated using three distinct algorithms implemented using ge Norm,Norm Finder and Best Keeper. The best-ranked reference genes varied across different sample sets, though RPL39,MDH and EF1 a were determined as the most stable by the three programs among all tested samples. RPL39 and EF1 a should be appropriate for normalization in N-starved roots,while the combination of RPL39 and MDH should be appropriate for N-starved stems and EF1 a and MDH should be appropriate in N-starved leaves. In PEG-treated（osmotic） roots, MDH was the most suitable, whereas EF1 a was suitable for PEG-treated stems and leaves. TUA was also stably expressed levels in PEG-treated plants. The combination of RPL39 and TUB should be appropriate for heat-stressed leaves and flowering stage. For reference gene validation, the expression levels of SOD and NFYA-3were investigated. This work will be beneficial to future studies on gene expression under different abiotic stress conditions and flowering status in B. luminifera.

关键词： flowering abiotic Betula normalization osmotic varied roots programs valuable stressed

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THE EXTENDED JACOBIAN ELLIPTIC FUNCTION EXpanSION METHOD AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN WEAKLY NONLINEAR WAVE EQUATIONS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第3期18卷 352-361页

作者： HUANG Wen-hua LIU Yu-lu LU Zhi-ming pan Bo-ying LIU Mao-sheng Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China Department of Physics College of Science Huzhou University Huzhou 313000 China Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China PAN Bo-ying Basic Department YiChun Vocational Technical College Yichun 336000 China

The extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method is introduced and applied to solve the coupled ZK equations and the coupled KP equations describing two weakly long nonlinear wave models in fluid system. Many types of doubly periodic traveling wave solutions are obtained. Under limiting conditions these solutions are reduced into solitary wave solutions.

关键词： Jacobian elliptic function expansion method,the coupled ZK equation the coupled KP equation

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A meta-analysis of randomized trials on clinical outcomes of paclitaxel-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2010年第10期11卷 754-761页

作者： Xiao-hong pan ying-xue CHEN Mei-xiang XIANG Geng XU Jian-an WANG Department of Cardiology the Seeond Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310009 China

A meta-analysis was performed to address the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-eluting stent(PES) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients.A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all randomized clinical trials in mortality,recurrent myocardial infarction(rMI),repeat revascularization(RR),and stent thrombosis(ST).A total of 4190 STEMI patients were enrolled in six randomized trials comparing PES with bare-metal stent(BMS).The pooled repeat revascularization rate was 5.7% in PES group,significantly lower than 10.0% in BMS group with an odds ratio(OR) of 0.56,95% confidence interval(CI) [0.44,0.72](P<0.00001).No significant difference was found between PES and BMS groups in mortality at one year after the indexing procedure(3.9% vs.5.1%,OR 0.88,95% CI [0.63,1.21],P=0.42).Similarly,rMI rate did not differ significantly between the two groups(3.4% vs.4.1%,OR 0.80,95% CI [0.56,1.13],P=0.21).PES was also associated with the comparable pooled rate of definite stent thrombosis with BMS(2.3% vs.2.4%,OR 0.81,95% CI [0.52,1.26],P=0.35).The results show that PES improved clinical outcomes in STEMI patients with a decreased need for repeat revascularization and no concerns for safety.

关键词： Myocardial infarction Paclitaxel-eluting stent Bare-metal stent Meta-analysis

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Passivation process of X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2011年第2期18卷 178-184页

作者： Jian-long Zhou Xiao-gang Li Cui-wei Du ying pan Tao Li Qian Liu School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection wtthan 430030 China School of Materials ＆ Metallurgy Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou 014010 China

The passivation process of X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions was investigated using potentiodynamic, dynamic electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy （DEIS）, and Mott-Schottky measurements. The results show that the shape of polarization curves changes with concentration. The critical ＇passive＇ concentration is 0.009 mol/L for X80 pipeline steel in bicarbonate solutions. No anodic current peak exists in solutions when the concentration is lower than 0.009 mol/L, whereas there are one and two anodic current peaks when the concentration ranges from 0.009 to 0.05 mol/L and is higher than 0.1 mol/L, respectively. DEIS measurements show that there exist active dissolution range, transition range, pre-passive range, passive layer formation range, passive range, and trans-passive range for X80 pipeline steel in the 0.1 mol/L solutions. The results of DEIS measurements are in complete agreement with the potentiodynamic diagram. An equivalent circuit containing three sub-layers is used to explain the Nyquist plots in the passive range. Analyses are well made for explaining the corresponding fitted capacitance and impedance. The Mott-Schottky plots show that the passive film of X80 pipeline steel is an n-type semiconductor, and capacitance measurements are in good accordance with the results of DEIS experiment.

关键词： pipeline steel bicarbonate solutions passivation potentiodynamic polarization electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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Deep learning autofluorescence-harmonic microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第4期11卷 697-710页

作者： Binglin Shen Shaowen Liu Yanping Li ying pan Yuan Lu Rui Hu Junle Qu Liwei Liu Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University518060 ShenzhenChina Shenzhen Meitu.Innovation Technology LTD 518060 ShenzhenChina. China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University 130033 ChangchunChina The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen 518052 ShenzhenChina

Laser scanning microscopy has inherent tradeoffs between imaging speed,field of view(FOV),and spatial resolution due to the limitations of sophisticated mechanical and optical setups,and deep learning networks have emerged to overcome these limitations without changing the ***,we demonstrate deep learning autofluorescence-harmonic microscopy(DLAM)based on self-alignment attention-guided residual-in-residual dense generative adversarial networks to close the gap between speed,FOV;and *** the framework,we demonstrate label-free large-field multimodal imaging of clinicopathological tissues with enhanced spatial resolution and running time *** quality assessments show that the attention-guided residual dense conneaions minimize the persistent noise,distortions,and scanning fringes that degrade the autofluorescence-harmonic images and avoid reconstruction artifaas in the output *** the advantages of high contrast,high fidelity,and high speed in image reconstruction,DLAM can act as a powerful tool for the noninvasive evaluation of diseases,neural activity,and embryogenesis.

关键词： networks Deep harmonic

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The Simultaneous Determination of Cu Ph Cd and Sb by Derivative Adsorption Chronopotentiometry

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2000年第9期11卷 807-808页

作者： Xiao Li ZHANG Shu ying pan Department of Chemistry Shandong University, Jinan 250100 Dept. of Chem. Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

The behaviour of the complexes of copper,lead,cadmium and antimony with salicylfluorone (SAF) adsorbed on HMDE has been investigated by derivative chronopotentiometry in NH_3/NH_4C1. The dependence of the peak height on the dt/dE vs E curve on preconcentration time, the pH of solution and the constant reducing current are discussed. This method achieved the simultaneous determination of copper, lead, cadmium and antimony in human hair.

关键词： Simultaneous determination Cu,Pb,Cd,Sb complex chronopotentiometry.

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Decreased CD10-positive granulocytes for the differential diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome

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BIOCELL 2020年第4期44卷 607-611页

作者： JIYU WANG HUIPING WANG ying pan QIANSHAN TAO ZHIMIN ZHAI Department of Hematology The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601China

Myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)are highly heterogeneous myeloid neoplasms,and a large number of patients are difficult to diagnose and classify by blood and bone marrow *** a surface marker of granulocyte,studies have shown CD10 can be used to define the degree of granulocyte maturation in MDS ***,whether it can be used for differential diagnosis of MDS and other hematological diseases remains *** explore the value of CD10 for differential diagnosis of MDS,60 newly diagnosed MDS,20 aplastic anemia(AA)patients,and 35 iron-deficient anemia(IDA)patients were selected for this *** marrow(BM)specimens were processed for surface marker analysis and labeled with pre-conjugated monoclonal *** cells were detected by flow *** results indicated that CD10-positive granulocytes were significantly decreased in BM of MDS patients than AA and IDA patients,and the level of CD10-positive mature granulocytes was not associated with the clinical stages of *** operating characteristic(ROC)areas under the curve(AUC)of CD10-positive granulocytes was 0.86 and 0.85,respectively,in MDS patients than the IDA group and AA group with good specificity and ***,CD10-positive granulocytes were increased after effective *** conclusion,we found the decrease in CD10-positive granulocytes has a differential diagnostic value of MDS.

关键词： Myelodysplastic syndromes CD10 Granulocytes Flow cytometry Differential diagnosis

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