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Prevalence and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital in Freetown:a retrospective study

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： Henang Kwasau Juliana Kamanda Aiah Lebbie Cesia Cotache-Condor pamela Espinoza Andie Grimm Naomi Wright Emily Smith Department of Community Health College of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone Department of Surgery Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Center for Global Surgery and Health Equity Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Public Health Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA King’s Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships King's College LondonLondonUK Department of Emergency Medicine Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Background Sub-Saharan Africa experiences a disproportionate amount of pediatric surgical disease,with 80%of children lacking access to timely,affordable,and safe surgical *** study aims to characterize the burden of disease and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital,the main pediatric referral hospital in Sierra *** This retrospective and hospital-based study included children up to 15 years old who were operated on between 2015 and June 2016 at Connaught Hospital in Freetown,Sierra *** and inferential statistics were used to characterize the distribution of disease and compare all variables against age category and *** A total of 215 patients were included in this study of which 72.5%(n=132)were male and 27.5%(n=50)were *** of the patients were diagnosed with congenital anomalies(60.9%;n=131).However,infection was the leading diagnosis(60.5%;n=23)among patients aged 5–10 years(n=38).Inguinal hernia was the leading condition(65.0%;n=85)among patients presenting with a congenital *** condition with the highest mortality was infections(17.0%;n=8),followed by other conditions(9.1%;n=2)and congenital anomalies(3.1%;n=4).Based on the results of this study,over 7000 children with inguinal hernias remain untreated annually in Freetown,Sierra *** This study quantifies the burden of surgical disease among children,a foundational step toward the prioritization of pediatric surgical care in national health agendas,the development of evidence-based interventions,and the strategic allocation of resources in Sierra Leone.

关键词： surgical pediatric mortality

Association of types of diabetes and insulin dependency on birth outcomes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第7期10卷 2147-2158页

作者： pamela K Xaverius Steven W Howard Deborah Kiel Jerry E Thurman Ethan Wankum Catherine Carter Clairy Fang Romi Carriere Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO 63104United States Department of Health Management and Policy Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO 63104United States Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismSSM HealthSt.CharlesMO 63303United States Division of Epidemiology Institute for Health and EquityMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095United States Population Health Sciences Institute Centre for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneEngland NE45PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Diabetes rates among pregnant women in the United States have been increasing and are associated with adverse pregnancy *** To investigate differences in birth outcomes(preterm birth,macrosomia,and neonatal death)by diabetes *** Cross-sectional design,using linked Missouri birth and death certificates(singleton births only),2010 to 2012(n=204057).Exposure was diabetes non-diabetic,pre-pregnancy diabetes-insulin dependent(PD-I),pre-pregnancy diabetes-non-insulin dependent(PD-NI),gestational diabetes-insulin dependent(GD-I),and gestational diabetes-non-insulin dependent(GD-NI).Outcomes included preterm birth,macrosomia,and infant *** included demographic characteristics,adequacy of prenatal care,body mass index,smoking,hypertension,and previous preterm *** and multivariate logistic regression assessed differences in outcomes by diabetes *** Women with PD-I,PD-NI,and GD-I remained at a significantly increased odds for preterm birth(aOR 2.87,aOR 1.77,and aOR 1.73,respectively)and having a very large baby[macrosomia](aOR 3.01,aOR 2.12,and aOR 1.96,respectively);in reference to non-diabetic *** with GDNI were at a significantly increased risk for macrosomia(aOR1.53),decreased risk for their baby to die before their first birthday(aOR 0.41)and no difference in risk for preterm birth in reference to non-diabetic *** Diabetes is associated with the poor birth *** management of diabetes during pregnancy and healthy lifestyle behaviors before pregnancy can reduce the risk for diabetes and poor birth outcomes.

关键词： Epidemiology Pregnancy Health care delivery Birth outcomes Gestational diabetes Insulin

Time trend and seasonality in medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in US children aged 0-5 years, January 2010-January 2023

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2023年第4期11卷 36-44页

作者： Lindsey Wang Nathan Berger pamela B Davis David C Kaelber Nora Volkow Rong Xu Center for Science Healthand SocietyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Center for Community Health Integration Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA The Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education and the Departments ofInternal Medicine Pediatricsand Population and Quantitative Health SciencesMetroHealth Medical CenterClevelandOhioUSA National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institute of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA

Objective The long-term time trend and seasonality variations of first-time medically attended respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infections among young children are *** aim to examine the time trend of medically attended first-time RSV infections among young children in the USA from January 2010 through January *** This is a population-based cohort study using electronic health records(EHRs).Monthly incidence rate of medically attended first-time RSV infection(cases per 10000000 person-days).A time-series regression model was used to model and predict time trends and *** Multicenter and nationwide TriNetX Network in the *** The study population comprised children aged 0–5 years who had medical visits during the period of January 2010 to January *** The data included 29013937 medical visits for children aged 0–5 years(46.5%girls and 53.5%boys)from January 2010 through January *** 2010 through 2019,the monthly incidence rate of first-time medically attended RSV infection in children aged 0–5 years followed a consistent seasonal *** patterns of medically attended RSV infections were significantly disrupted during the COVID-19 *** 2020,the seasonal variation disappeared with a peak incidence rate of 20 cases per 1000000 person-days,a decrease of 97.4%from the expected peak rate(rate ratio or RR:0.026,95%CI 0.017 to 0.040).In 2021,the seasonality returned but started 4 months earlier,lasted for 9 months,and peaked in August at a rate of 753 cases per 1000000 person-days,a decrease of 9.6%from the expected peak rate(RR:0.90,95%CI 0.82 to 0.99).In 2022,the seasonal pattern is similar to prepandemic years but reached a historically high rate of 2182 cases per 10000000 person-days in November,an increase of 143%from the expected peak rate(RR:2.43,95%CI 2.25 to 2.63).The time trend and seasonality of the EHR-based medically attended RSV infections are consistent with those of RSV-associated hospital

关键词： infections trend attended

OsSERK1 regulates rice development but not immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae or Magnaporthe oryzae

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第12期56卷 1179-1192页

作者： Shimin Zuo Xiaogang Zhou Mawsheng Chen Shilu Zhang Benjamin Schwessinger Deling Ruan Can Yuan Jing Wang Xuewei Chen pamela C.Ronald Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center University of California Joint Bioenergy Institute Emeryville California 94710 USA Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province College of Agriculture Yangzhou University Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education College of Agriculture Yangzhou University Rice Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang

Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase（SERK）proteins play pivotal roles in regulation of plant development and immunity. The rice genome contains two SERK genes,OsSerk1 and OsSerk2. We previously demonstrated that OsSerk2 is required for rice Xa21-mediated resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae（Xoo） and for normal development. Here we report the molecular characterization of OsSerk1. Overexpression of OsSerk1 results in a semi-dwarf phenotype whereas silencing of OsSerk1 results in a reduced angle of the lamina joint. OsSerk1 is not required for rice resistance to Xoo or Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of Os Serk1 in OsSerk2-silenced lines complements phenotypes associated with brassinosteroid（BR） signaling defects, but not the disease resistance phenotype mediated by Xa21. In yeast, OsSERK1 interacts with itself forming homodimers, and also interacts with the kinase domains of OsSERK2 and BRI1, ***1 is a functional protein kinase capable of auto-phosphorylation in vitro. We conclude that, whereas OsSERK2 regulates both rice development and immunity, OsSERK1 functions in rice development but not immunity to Xoo and M. oryzae.

关键词： Oryza sativa OsSERK1 somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase Xanthomonas oryzae pv.Oryzae Magnaporthe oryzae

Association of COVID- 19 with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in children aged 0-5 years in the USA in 2022: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2023年第4期11卷 45-55页

作者： Lindsey Wang pamela B Davis Nathan Berger David C Kaelber Nora Volkow Rong Xu Center for Science Healthand SocietyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Center for Community Health Integration Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA The Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education and the Departments ofInternal Medicine Pediatricsand Population and Quantitative Health SciencesMetroHealth Medical CenterClevelandOhioUSA National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institute of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Center for AI in Drug Discovery Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA

Objective To investigate whether COVID-19 infection was associated with increased risk for incident respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infections and associated diseases among young children that might have contributed to the 2022 surge of severe paediatric RSV cases in the *** This is a retrospective population-based cohort *** outcomes were examined,including overall RSV infection,positive lab test-confirmed RSV infection,clinically diagnosed RSV diseases,RSV-associated bronchiolitis and unspecified *** ratio(RR)and 95%CI of the outcomes that occurred during the 2022 and 2021 RSV seasons were calculated by comparing propensity-score matched *** Nationwide multicentre database of electronic health records(EHRs)of 61.4million patients in the USA including 1.7million children 0–5 years of age,which was accessed through TriNetX Analytics that provides web-based and secure access to patient EHR data from hospitals,primary care and specialty treatment *** The study population consisted of 228940 children of 0–5 years with no prior RSV infection who had medical encounters in October *** were replicated in a separate study population of 370919 children of 0–5 years with no prior RSV infection who had medical encounters in July 2021–August 2021 during a non-overlapping time *** For the 2022 study population(average age 2.4 years,46.8%girls,61%white,16%black),the risk for incident RSV infection during October 2022–December 2022 was 6.40%for children with prior COVID-19 infection,higher than 4.30%for the matched children without COVID-19(RR 1.40,95%CI 1.27 to 1.55);and among children aged 0–1year,the overall risk was 7.90%for those with prior COVID-19 infection,higher than 5.64%for matched children without(RR 1.40,95%CI 1.21 to 1.62).For the 2021 study population(average age 2.2 years,46%girls,57%white,20%black),the risk for incident RSV infection during July 2021–December 2021 was 4.85%for childre

关键词： infections matched centre

Taiwan Residents Learners＇ Motivation and Attitude Towards Completing an Online Distance Education Course During a One Year Industrial Placement

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Sino-US English Teaching 2014年第7期11卷 477-494页

作者： pamela Cowan Mei-Liang Lin Queen's University Bellast United Kingdom Ming Chi University of Technology Taipei Taiwan

This mixed methods study investigated language learning motivation in an one-year e-learning course for technological university students to bridge the geographical divide between students on industrial placements when studying graded readers using an e-learning course to improve their English competence and to pass the General English Proficiency Test. Data was collected through questionnaires and course feedback. The results of this study extend Gardner＇s socio-educational model in an e-learning environment by adding the new category, Computer Attitudes, which was proven to be highly correlated with Motivation. Although the low proficiency English students had good computer skills, their habits of using the computer for entertainment and their lack of the skill of ＂technological communication efficacy＂ caused increased anxiety when using computers and thus provided them with a lower computer confidence over time. Consequently, it is recommended that sound e-learning training should be provided to all of the students prior to embarking on an e-leaning course so that these learners can benefit from online language learning in the future.

关键词： e-learning motivation computer attitude language learning English proficiency

2D Finite Element Analysis of Asynchronous Machine Influenced Under Power Quality Perturbations

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5745-5763页

作者： Jasmin pamela S R.Saranya V.Indragandhi R.Raja Singh V.Subramaniyaswamy Yuvaraja Teekaraman Shabana Urooj Norah Alwadai School of Electrical Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreIndia School of Computing SASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavurIndia Mobility Logisticsand Automotive Technology Research CentreFaculty of EngineeringETECDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Energy TechnologyVrije Universiteit BrusselBrussel1050Belgium Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia Department of Physics College of SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia

Asynchronous machines are predominantly preferred in industrial sectors for its *** quality perturbations have a greater impact on industries;among the different power quality events,voltage fluctuations are the most common and that may cause adverse effect on machine’s operation since they are longer *** article discusses a numerical technique for evaluating asynchronous motors while taking into account magnetic saturation,losses,leakage flux,and voltage drop.A 2D linear analysis involving a multi-slice time stepping finite element model is used to predict the end *** an outcome,the magnetic saturation and losses are estimated using amodified 2D nonlinear time-stepping finite element *** method takes the electromagnetic fields at the ends of the motor into account using limited computer *** proposed method will greatly reduce computation timewith limited computer resources for analyzing themachine’s performance with high *** analyzed findings assist in preventing voltage variance issues in the power network system and provide suggestions for developing a robust system.

关键词： Asynchronous machine finite element model analysis voltage variations power quality multi-slice model

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强制结构理论及实验检验

社会 2013年第4期33卷 176-192页

作者：刘军 David Willer pamela Emanuelson 哈尔滨工程大学社会学系美国南卡罗来纳大学社会学系美国北达科他州立大学社会学与人类学系

学术界对强制关系的研究较少,尽管它无处不在。本文基于要素论探讨强制结构的含义、分类及模型,重点探讨了间接强制结构的效应。间接强制是涉及至少三个行动者的一类"不给钱就制裁,给钱就‘保护’你"的结构关系。实验研究结果表明,在边... 详细信息

学术界对强制关系的研究较少,尽管它无处不在。本文基于要素论探讨强制结构的含义、分类及模型,重点探讨了间接强制结构的效应。间接强制是涉及至少三个行动者的一类"不给钱就制裁,给钱就‘保护’你"的结构关系。实验研究结果表明,在边界条件内,间接强制结构与直接强制结构一样有效力,即有类似的强制幅度和力度,二者都使强制者获得最大的剥夺率。本文最后讨论了影响强制效果的因素,包括强制者的贪欲与策略、强—强联盟及受制者联盟的效应等。

关键词：强制社会网络三方关系网络交换论

A Programmable Timing System for Debating Training and Competitions

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Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation 2010年第S1期1卷 101-103,106页

作者： Michael Collier pamela Collier College of Information and Electrical Engineering Shandong University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266510 College of Foreign Languages Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266510China

A piece of equipment designed under a multi-disciplinary project in Shandong University of Science and Technology is *** purpose is to indicate speech-time status to speakers in debates by presenting a three-light output The speech length may be programmed by the user with a combination of buttons and LCD *** system is portable and microcontroller-based,using on-chip timers for accurate measurement of durations.

关键词： oral linguistic debating microcontroller timing