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Anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils of Cymbopogon validus(Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy from Eastern Cape, South Africa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第5期9卷 415-419页

作者： pamela Rungqu Opeoluwa Oyedeji Benedicta Nkeh-Chungag Sandile Songca Oluwatobi Oluwafemi Adebola Oyedeji Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Agriculture University of Fort Hare Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences Walter Sisulu University Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences Walter Sisulu University Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Johannesburg

Objective: To evaluate the essential oil composition and the anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon validus(C. validus) leaves and flowers. Methods: A total of 300 g of fresh or dry(leaves and flowers) of C. validus were cut into small pieces and subjected to hydro-distillation method for approximately 5 h using the Clevenger apparatus. The extracted essential oils were then used for testing the anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using egg-albumin induced paw edema. Results: The extracted oils had the following yields 2.2% for fresh leaves, 2.0% for dry leaves and 2.4% v/w for dry flowers. GCMS results revealed that the oils contained artemisia ketone(37.5%), linalool(3.2%-29.6%), northujane(4.4%-16.8%), verbenone(13.5%), naphthalene(1.7%-9.6%), δ-cadinene(0.5%-8.1%), hedycaryol(5.4%-7.6%) and α-eudesmol(6.5%-6.7%) as the major constituents. C. validus essential oils showed significant(P<0.05) anti-inflammatory effects from the first 30 min after albumin injection compared to aspirin which had a later onset of effect. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that the essential oil extracted from C. validus fresh or dry leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory properties; that might be associated with the major components and the minor components found in the essential oils.

关键词： Cymbopogon validus Essential oils Anti-inflammation Artemisia ketone Linalool Egg albumin-induced edema

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SFRP4 expression correlates with epithelial mesenchymal transitionlinked genes and poor overall survival in colon cancer patients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第8期11卷 589-598页

作者： Landry E Nfonsam Jana Jandova Hunter C Jecius pamela N Omesiete Valentine N Nfonsam Department of Genetics Children’s Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaOntario K1H 8L1Canada Department of Surgery University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724United States

BACKGROUND Colon cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States with an estimated 97220 new cases expected by the end of *** affects 1.2 million people around the world and is responsible for about 0.6 million deaths every *** decline in overall incidence and mortality over the past 30 years,there continues to be an alarming rise in early-onset colon cancer cases(<50 years).Patients are often diagnosed at late stages of the disease and tend to have poor *** previously showed that the WNT“gatekeeper”gene,secreted frizzled-related protein 4(SFRP4),is over-expressed in early-onset colon ***4 is speculated to play an essential role in cancer by inhibiting the epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT).AIM To investigate the correlation between SFRP4 expression and EMT-linked genes in colon cancer and how it affects patient *** SFRP4 expression relative to that of EMT-linked genes and survival analysis were performed using the University of California Santa Cruz Cancer Browser *** SFRP4 was found to be co-expressed with the EMT-linked markers CDH2,FN1,VIM,TWIST1,TWIST2,SNAI1,SNAI2,ZEB1,ZEB2,POSTN,MMP2,MMP7,MMP9,and ***4 expression negatively correlated with the EMTlinked suppressors CLDN4,CLDN7,TJP3,MUC1,and *** expression of SFRP4 and the EMT-linked markers was higher in mesenchymal-like samples compared to epithelial-like samples which potentially implicates SFRP4-EMT mechanism in colon ***,patients overexpressing SFRP4 presented with poor overall survival(P=0.0293).CONCLUSION Considering the implication of SFRP4 in early-onset colon cancer,particularly in the context of EMT,tumor metastasis,and invasion,and the effect of increased expression on colon cancer patient survival,SFRP4 might be a potential biomarker for early-onset colon cancer that could be targeted for diagnosis and/or disease therapy.

关键词： Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 Epithelial mesenchymal transition Colon cancer Survival

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What China Can Learn from US Branding Strategies

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China Textile 2006年第2期 82-87页

作者： pamela Lilak MBA Candidate The George Washington University Full Time Management Consultant also advisor to China Textile Planning Insititute of Construction

Chinese textile industry is a fledgling in terms of brands strategy, not yet able to flap its wings in all-weather climates of international market. How to build up a good brand to be a great company or to have a successful firm with a great brand is of primary concern if China continues to take the lead in the coming days, not satisfied with its status quo as OEM supplier.

关键词： What China Can Learn from US Branding Strategies US

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An Authentic Celebration

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Beijing Review 2023年第27期66卷 32-33页

作者： pamela Tobey 不详

The Dragon Boat Festival-Duanwu Jic honors a famous episode in China's long *** the U.S.,the festival remains largely unknown and I had not heard of it before coming to China eight years *** here has opened my cyes to fascinating cultural tales and holiday *** *** on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar cal-endar,is ccrtainly onc of the most fun.

关键词： fifth festival honor

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Feeling for Nonexistent Beings

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2022年第9期12卷 511-524页

作者： pamela Breda Angewandte University ViennaAustria

What are emotions and how do they shape our lives?How is it that we might feel emotions for characters and events that are not real?Can this impact our real-life interactions with other individuals?This debate has been developing for centuries among intellectuals,philosophers,and artists,wondering about the effective power of an artwork to stir emotionally and cognitively the *** the last decade,the discussion has touched new domains in connection to the development of pervasive digital media and CGI *** paper will address some of the key points related to the emotional outcomes generated by the visual representations of AI and digital avatars in *** first part of the present essay will analyze what emotions are according to the main current theories in the *** second part will focus on how emotions are related to the exploitation of artworks,with particular reference to the suspension of disbelief *** third part will consider some case studies of visual representations of AI in films,in order to analyze how emotional engagement with virtual characters in moving image works can influence real-life interactions between users and AI.

关键词： emotions artificial intelligence human interactions psychology cognition

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Emerging Challenges in the Completion of Construction Projects through Public Private Partnerships: Empirical Literature Review

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2020年第4期8卷 263-272页

作者： pamela Akinyi Oyieyo School of Open and Distance eLearning University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

The process of engaging private sector in the provision of public infrastructure can improve economic value in service delivery and enable the government to utilize the capabilities and expertise held by private sector. This has a positive impact on the public in terms of improving their well-being. This literature review attempts to compare the challenges encountered in implementation of PPP projects across the world, with a view to determining cross cutting challenges and recommendations for developing countries. A literature review was conducted for empirical studies focusing on construction projects. The studies are reviewed by analyzing the methodology used and conclusions made to identify the geographical study area, Public Private Partnership project financing model, emerging challenges and recommendation for future project management. The literature search was based on four keywords: construction projects, completion of construction projects, public private partnership, challenges in construction projects. Thus, a total of 11 empirical studies were identified for review in Europe, Asia and Africa. The review revealed that most risk factors affecting project completion can be categorized as human and organizational factors and unknown geotechnical conditions that were not known beforehand. Specifically, project owners’ interference was also attributable to delays with the delays having significant implications for project execution. Risks have great impact on the performance of construction projects because they affect their quality, time and cost. The general remedy to such potential risk factors is adoption of reliable prediction mechanisms which would estimate those factors using a probabilistic model that does not rely on expert judgments as they tend to be unreliable.

关键词： Construction Projects Completion of Construction Projects Public Private Partnership Challenges in Construction Projects

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Wonders of The Silk Road Uncovering the rich cultural heritage and history in Gansu

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Beijing Review 2023年第39期66卷 28-31页

作者： pamela Tobey 不详

From its geological wonders to its cultural riches,the Hexi Corridor in northwestern Gansu Province is a fascinating part of the ancient Silk ***'s the place where the Great Wall ends,and where ancient caves house historical Buddhist treasures,and some of the world's most colorful land formations impress tourists from China and around the world.

关键词： Road Gansu ancient

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Following the Threads

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Beijing Review 2024年第3期67卷 44-45页

作者： pamela Tobey 不详

China has a wide variety of items on its official intangible cultural heritage(ICH)list,and one of the most colorful folk crafts included is the embroidery of the Yi ethnic *** a history stretching back 1,700 years,this art form has been handed down from mother to daughter and its designs reflect their close relationship with nature.

关键词： mother daughter stretching

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Ecological succession of benthic organisms on niche-type artificial reefs

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 433-442页

作者： María-Isabel Toledo pamela Torres Cristina Díaz Victor Zamora Jesús López Germán Olivares Escuela de Ciencias del Mar Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y GeografíaPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile

As part of efforts to restore fishery resources and recover damaged coastal ecosystems,artificial reefs are often anchored on the seafloor in coastal zones,to provide new habitats for marine *** aim of the study was to describe the structure of a community of benthic invertebrates colonising a niche-type artificial reef(AATN in Spanish).Nine structures were anchored at depths of 16±1.5 m for 99 weeks(22 months)in the Area of Benthic Resource Management and Exploitation(AMERB)in coastal waters of the Region of Bio Bio,*** results showed that,at 3 months from submersion of the NTAR,much of the artificial substrate remained bare and there were only low levels of specimens of Balanus ***,showing mean coverage of 11.26%,and even lower proportions of Rhodophyta,with mean coverage of 0.34%.At 6 months,the presence of hydrozoans was seen,decreasing the coverage of the barnacles,which was aided further at 8 months with the arrival of barnacle predatory *** 8 months,new benthic invertebrates appeared and competed for the *** included sponges and *** 99 weeks,the hydrozoans dominated the substrate,followed by barnacles and Rhodophyta,the first colonising organisms,leading to colonisation by motile macro-invertebrates,mainly consisting of crustaceans,echinoderms and *** AATN artificial system provides an ideal substrate for the development of early ecological succession and the use of this technology should be feasible in the recovery process of habitat damaged by anthropogenic actions and climate change.

关键词： Artificial reefs Ecological succession Colonisation Benthic organisms Balanus sp. Rhodophyta Hydrozoans

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Alcohol-induced alterations of the hepatocyte cytoskeleton

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第11期16卷 1358-1365页

作者： Blythe D Shepard pamela L Tuma Department of Biology The Catholic University of America

The hepatocyte cytoskeleton consists of three fi lamentous networks: microtubules, actin microfi laments and keratin intermediate filaments. Because of the abundance of the proteins that comprise each system and the central role each network plays in a variety of cellular processes, the three fi lament systems have been the focus of a host of studies aimed at understanding the progression of alcohol-induced liver injury. In this review, we will briefly discuss the hepatic organization of each cytoskeletal network and highlight some components of each system. We will also describe what is known about ethanol-induced changes in the dynamics and distributions of each cytoskeletal system and discuss what is known about changes in protein expression levels and post-translational modifi cations. Finally, we will describe the possible consequences of these cytoskeletal alterations on hepatocyte function and how they might contribute to the progression of liver disease.

关键词： Ethanol Hepatotoxicity Tubulin Actin Keratin

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