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Seasonal metabolic flexibility is correlated with microclimate variation in horned larks and house sparrows

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 199-210页

作者： paige OBOIKOVITZ David L.SWANSON Department of Biology University of South DakotaVermillionSD 57069USA

Maximum and minimum metabolic rates in birds are flexible traits and such flexibility can be advantageous in variable climates.The climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)posits that more variable climates should result in greater metabolic flexibility for geographically distinct populations.Whether the CVH applies to sympatric species occupying microclimates differing in variability is unknown.Microclimates of open habitats are likely more variable than those of sheltered habitats.If the CVH extends to microclimates,we expect birds from open habitats to show greater flexibility than those from sheltered habitats.To test this extension of the CVH,we compared seasonal variation in microclimates and metabolic rates for sympatric horned larks Eremophila alpestris,which occupy open habitats,and house sparrows Passer domesticus,which occupy sheltered habitats.We measured operative temperature(T_(e′) an integrative measure of the thermal environment),summit metabolic rate(M_(sum′) maximal cold-induced metabolic rate),and basal metabolic rate(BMR,minimal maintenance metabolic rate)in summer and winter.For both winter and summer,daily minimum Te was similar between open and sheltered habitats but maximum Te was higher for open habitats.Winter microclimates,however,were colder for open than for sheltered habitats after accounting for convective differences.Both species increased M_(sum) in winter,but seasonal M_(sum) flexibility was greater for larks(43%)than for sparrows(31%).Winter increases in BMR were 92.5% and 11% for larks and sparrows,respectively,with only the former attaining statistical significance.Moreover,species*season interactions in general linear models for whole-organism metabolic rates were significant for BMR and showed a similar,although not significant,pattern for M_(sum),with greater seasonal metabolic flexibility in horned larks than in house sparrows.These results suggest that extending the CVH to sympatric bird species occupying different microclimates may be valid.

关键词： climatic variability hypothesis Eremophila alpestris metabolic flexibility metabolic rates microclimates Passer domesticus

Numerical evaluation of the use of vegetation as a shelterbelt for enhancing the wind and thermal comfort in peripheral and lateral-type skygardens in highrise buildings

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Building Simulation 2023年第2期16卷 243-261页

作者： Murtaza Mohammadi paige Wenbin Tien John Kaiser Calautit Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of NottinghamNottinghamUK

Skygardens or skycourts are a unique architectural intervention in the built environment,enhancing the social,economic,and environmental values of the building.It allows occupants to connect and experience outdoor freshness within a semi-enclosed environment.However,skygardens located on a highrise building may generate intense wind gusts,endangering the safety of occupants.Using a validated computational fluid dynamics model,this study investigates the potential of various vegetative barriers or shelterbelts in attenuating the high wind speeds encountered in such spaces and the impact on wind and thermal comfort.Three skygarden configurations were investigated with and without vegetative barriers,simplified and modelled as porous zones,and their effect was studied on the velocity and temperature profile at the occupants’level.The results indicate that while hedges and trees can offer resistance to airflow,trees provide higher temperature reduction.However,a combination of vegetative and geometrical barriers provides the most optimal condition in the skygarden.The study has identified the importance of assessing wind attenuation characteristics of tree plantations on highrise skygarden,and the results can be used in designing intervention strategies.Moreover,vegetation can attenuate pollutants and mitigate poor air quality by surface deposition,and future studies should investigate in that direction.

关键词： built environment computational fluid dynamics(CFD) wind comfort thermal comfort skygarden

Altered leukocyte gene expression after traumatic spinal cord injury:clinical implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第9期13卷 1524-1529页

作者： paige E.Herman Ona Bloom The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Northwell Health Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Molecular MedicineDonald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell

In addition to changes in motor and sensory function, individuals with spinal cord injury （SCI） experience immunological changes. These changes are clinically significant, as infections are the leading cause of death for this population. Along with increased infections, inflammation is commonly observed in persons with SCI, where it may promote many common medical consequences. These include elevated risk of cardio- vascular disease, impaired wound healing, diabetes and neuropathic pain. It has also been proposed that chronic inflammation dampens neurological recovery. In order to identify therapeutic strategies to im- prove immune function, we need a greater understanding of the molecular changes that occur in immune cells after SCI. The purpose of this mini-review is to discuss two recent studies that used functional genom- ics to investigate gene expression in circulating leukocytes isolated from persons with SCI. In the future, the molecular pathways that are altered after SCI may be targeted to improve immunological function, as well as overall health and functional recovery, after SCI.

关键词： traumatic spinal cord injury inflammation immune cells functional genomics gene expression autoimmunity microarray chronic spinal cord injury

Multinational Corporation’s Environmental,Social,and Governance Strategy in the United States and China——A Case Study

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Multinational Corporation’s Environmental,Social,and Govern...

作者： Alexis paige Malmberg 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

Postmortem CT in decedents with SARS-CoV-2 infection.A single institution experience

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 255-260页

作者： Mariam Thomas Fereidoun Abtin Antoinette Roth Catherine Yim Anokh Pahwa Jeremy paige Odey Ukpo Radiology UCLA Medical Center Olive ViewLos AngelesCAUSA University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCAUSA Los Angeles Medical Examiner-Coroner’s Office Los AngelesCAUSA

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by SARS-CoV-2 produced a global pandemic with significant mortality.As autopsies are not routinely performed on all decedents with SARS-CoV-2 infection,postmortem CT(PMCT)may be valuable to provide additional information on the cause of death and risk factors known to be associated with an increased mortality in COVID-19.The purpose of this manuscript is to review the PMCT findings in a series of 42 decedents with SARS-CoV-2 infection from our institution.Retrospective analysis of 42 decedents who had a positive postmortem nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 and had a PMCT were included in this study.Images were reviewed for pulmonary findings seen in COVID-19 and other organ involvement.Of the 42 decedents,although the majority had imaging findings in the lungs that would be consistent with COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome,in 14%of the decedents the SARS-CoV-2 infection was likely coincidental and the PMCT findings suggested that they died from other pathology.Over half of the decedents that died from COVID-19 had PMCT findings of vascular disease.PMCT is useful to identify pulmonary and extra pulmonary findings in decedents with SARS-CoV-2 infection that can provide additional information,which may be useful for the forensic pathologist to help determine the underlying cause of death.

关键词： Forensic sciences postmortem CT COVID-19 virtual autopsy SARS-CoV-2

Effects of cereal fiber on bowel function: A systematic review of intervention trials

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第29期21卷 8952-8963页

作者： Jan de Vries paige E Miller Kristin Verbeke De Vries Nutrition Solutions Inc. Center for Epidemiology Biostatistics and Computational Biology Exponent Inc. Nutrition and Food Service Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital Hines Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine KU Leuven

AIM: To comprehensively review and quantitatively summarize results from intervention studies that examined the effects of intact cereal dietary fiber on parameters of bowel function. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using Pub Med and EMBASE. Supplementary literature searches included screening reference lists from relevant studies and reviews. Eligible outcomes were stool wet and dry weight, percentage water in stools, stool frequency and consistency, and total transit time. Weighted regression analyses generated mean change(± SD) in these measures per g/d of dietary fiber. RESULTS: Sixty-five intervention studies among generally healthy populations were identified. A quantitative examination of the effects of non-wheat sources of intact cereal dietary fibers was not possible due to an insufficient number of studies. Weighted regression analyses demonstrated that each extra g/d of wheat fiber increased total stool weight by 3.7 ± 0.09 g/d(P < 0.0001; 95%CI: 3.50-3.84), dry stool weight by 0.75 ± 0.03 g/d(P < 0.0001; 95%CI: 0.69-0.82), and stool frequency by 0.004 ± 0.002 times/d(P = 0.0346; 95%CI: 0.0003-0.0078). Transittime decreased by 0.78 ± 0.13 h per additional g/d(P < 0.0001; 95%CI: 0.53-1.04) of wheat fiber among those with an initial transit time greater than 48 h.CONCLUSION: Wheat dietary fiber, and predominately wheat bran dietary fiber, improves measures of bowel function.

关键词： Comprehensive review Dietary fiber Wheat bran Cereal Bowel function

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汉塞尔和格莱特(一)

英语角 2020年第25期 41-47页

作者： paige 高瑾(画) 不详

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美国银行业危机尚未结束

商业周刊（中文版） 2023年第7期 4-5页

作者： paige Smith 孟洁冰(译) 不详

5月1日整个上午,市场和银行业都松了一口气。接着大家又开始担心起来。摩根大通于5月1日宣布收购破产的第一信托银行(First Republic Bank),此后不到几个小时,KBW地区性银行指数就重拾了长期下滑的势头。第二天的情况更加糟糕:这项指数... 详细信息

5月1日整个上午,市场和银行业都松了一口气。接着大家又开始担心起来。摩根大通于5月1日宣布收购破产的第一信托银行(First Republic Bank),此后不到几个小时,KBW地区性银行指数就重拾了长期下滑的势头。第二天的情况更加糟糕:这项指数下跌了5.5%。

关键词：银行业危机信托银行摩根大通收购

Climate change and infectious disease: a review of evidence and research trends

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 89-89页

作者： paige Van de Vuurst Luis E.Escobar Virginia Tech Graduate School Translational BiologyMedicineand Health ProgramBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Global Change Center Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de La SalleBogotáColombia

Background Climate change presents an imminent threat to almost all biological systems across the globe.In recent years there have been a series of studies showing how changes in climate can impact infectious disease transmission.Many of these publications focus on simulations based on in silico data,shadowing empirical research based on feld and laboratory data.A synthesis work of empirical climate change and infectious disease research is still lacking.Methods We conducted a systemic review of research from 2015 to 2020 period on climate change and infectious diseases to identify major trends and current gaps of research.Literature was sourced from Web of Science and PubMed literary repositories using a key word search,and was reviewed using a delineated inclusion criteria by a team of reviewers.Results Our review revealed that both taxonomic and geographic biases are present in climate and infectious disease research,specifcally with regard to types of disease transmission and localities studied.Empirical investigations on vector-borne diseases associated with mosquitoes comprised the majority of research on the climate change and infectious disease literature.Furthermore,demographic trends in the institutions and individuals published revealed research bias towards research conducted across temperate,high-income countries.We also identifed key trends in funding sources for most resent literature and a discrepancy in the gender identities of publishing authors which may refect current systemic inequities in the scientifc feld.Conclusions Future research lines on climate change and infectious diseases should considered diseases of direct transmission(non-vector-borne)and more research efort in the tropics.Inclusion of local research in low-and middle-income countries was generally neglected.Research on climate change and infectious disease has failed to be socially inclusive,geographically balanced,and broad in terms of the disease systems studied,limiting our capacities to better understand the actual efects o

关键词： Climate change Infectious disease Research trend Systematic review