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Trends in use and costs of prescription medication in patients with type 1 diabetes: 9-year follow-up after kidney transplantation

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2013年第1期3卷 1-10页

作者： Raija Lithovius Valma Harjutsalo Carol Forsblom Markku Saraheimo Petri Koskinen per-henrik groop Folkhalsan Institute of Genetics Folkhalsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland Department of Medicine Division of NephrologyHelsinki University Central HospitalHelsinkiFinland National Institute for Health and Welfare Diabetes Prevention UnitHelsinkiFinland The Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute MelbourneAustralia

Aims: Weestimated long-term trends in prescription medication utilization and costs in patients with type 1 diabetes in two different transplant cohorts (Group 1: transplantation 1986-1999,n = 180;Group 2: transplantation 2000-2008, n = 150). Methods: Data obtained from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study were linked with the Drug Prescription Register (purchases of medications 1995-2009). Generalized linear mixed models under gamma distribution were used to evaluate the medication costs. Results: The total costs of medication decreased (Group 1 from€11,290 to €8760;Group 2 from €12,800 to €9790)during the follow-up (P< 0.0001). The sametrend was observed for immunosuppressive drugcosts (P< 0.0001). Although the cost profiles were similar for the groups (P= 0.9), the cost level in Group 2 was higher than in Group 1 (P< 0.0001). In Group 1 the most common immunosuppressive combination was cyclosporine, azathioprine and corticosteroid, while cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with/without corticosteroid was the most common in Group 2. The estimated average costs of cyclosporine in combination withMMFwere 84% (€4130) higher than with azathioprine. Conclusions: Since diabetes or other drugs had only marginal impact on the total costs, the decreasing trend wasmainly due to the costs of *** finding is consistent with the recent guidelines which recommend reducing doses of immunosuppressants over time to minimize *** cost levels differed depending on the combinations of immunosuppressive drugs in use. Those who had MMF in the regimen generated higher costs.

关键词： Immunosuppressants Kidney Transplantation Medication Utilization Costs Prescription Medications Type 1 Diabetes

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利格列汀应用于已经接受标准治疗的糖尿病肾病患者中时可减少患者的白蛋白尿

利格列汀应用于已经接受标准治疗的糖尿病肾病患者中时可减少患者...

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中华医学会糖尿病学分会第十六次全国学术会议

作者： per-henrik groop MARK COOper VLADO perKOVIC ANGELA EMSER MAXIMILIAN VON EYNATTEN HANS-JUERGEN WOERLE

尽管已有理想的治疗选择,2型糖尿病(T2D)患者仍然伴有增高的肾脏损伤的风险,表现为白蛋白尿,许多患者还可发展为进行性加重的肾功能衰竭。之前已有证据显示DPP-4抑制剂利格列汀在替米沙坦治疗基础上可减少小鼠的白蛋白尿。我们就利格列...

尽管已有理想的治疗选择,2型糖尿病(T2D)患者仍然伴有增高的肾脏损伤的风险,表现为白蛋白尿,许多患者还可发展为进行性加重的肾功能衰竭。之前已有证据显示DPP-4抑制剂利格列汀在替米沙坦治疗基础上可减少小鼠的白蛋白尿。我们就利格列汀对于伴有早期糖尿病肾病的T2D患者的白蛋白尿的临床效应进行了探索。共有4项针对利格列汀不伴任何背景口服降糖药物治疗、利格列汀伴一种背景口服降糖药物治疗、利格列汀伴两种背景口服降糖药物治疗的随机、双盲、24周、安慰剂对照试验可提供

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Amino acid promoted hydrogen battery system using Mn-pincer complex for reversible CO_(2) hydrogenation to formic acid

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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第5期16卷 697-699页

作者： Zupeng CHEN henrik JUNGE Matthias BELLER Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis University of RostockRostock 18059Germany Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Rostock 18059Germany

The worldwide energy system developed in the past century is highly dependent on non-renewable fossil ***,the concentration of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))in the atmosphere has continuously increased from 280 ppm(parts per million)to>420 ppm since the industrial revolution[1–5].This excessive emission of CO_(2) causes global warming and ocean *** this context,the Paris Agreement on Climate Change adopted in 2015 recognized the necessity of holding the increase of global average temperature below 2℃,preferably 1.5℃,above pre-industrial levels,and reaching a CO_(2)-neutral process by 2050.

关键词： system hydrogenation reversible

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Deposition of Nutrients From Harmattan Dust in Ghana, West Africa

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 613-621页

作者： henrik BREUNING-MADSEN Theodore Wola AWADZI Gry LYNGSIE Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Department of Geography and Resource Development University of Ghana

In order to measure dust's nutrient input on farmland in different agro-ecological zones, Harmattan dust was sampled by mats with plastic straw in Ghana between 2002–2006. The inputs of total nutrients by Harmattan dust in Ghana per Harmattan period were about 1–2 kg Ca ha-1, 0.5–2 kg K ha-1, 0.5–1.5 kg Mg ha-1and less than 0.5 kg P ha-1. Compared with the annual input of nutrients by precipitation, the dust accounted for 10% or less of Ca, Mg and K but approximately 20%–40% of P. The input of nutrients by dust was only valid for areas with vegetation, because in areas with none or sparse vegetation, loss of soil due to wind erosion and hereby loss of nutrients might be significant. In farmland areas with bare and vegetated fields there seemed to be an internal redistribution of the nutrients and not a net gain of nutrients from outside the area(long-range transported dust). The input of P by dust might be of some importance in the traditional shifting cultivation systems, while the inputs of other three nutrients of Ca, Mg and K were so low that they must be considered insignificant. In the intensive agriculture systems with huge inputs of manures and fertilizers the nutrient input by dust is insignificant and could be neglected.

关键词： deposition rate dust deposition input of nutrient long-range transported dust nutrient concentration traditionalagricultural system

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Fuzzy Tuned PID Controller for Envisioned Agricultural Manipulator

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2021年第4期18卷 568-580页

作者： Satyam Paul Ajay Arunachalam Davood Khodadad henrik Andreasson Olena Rubanenko Department of Engineering Design and Mathematics University of the West of EnglandBristol BS161QYUK Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems(AASS) Orebro UniversityOrebro 70281Sweden Department of Applied Physics and Electronics Umea UniversityUmea 90187Sweden Regional Innovational Center for Electrical Engineering Faculty of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of West BohemiaPilsen 30100Czech Republic

The implementation of image-based phenotyping systems has become an important aspect of crop and plant science research which has shown tremendous growth over the years. Accurate determination of features using images requires stable imaging and very precise processing. By installing a camera on a mechanical arm driven by motor, the maintenance of accuracy and stability becomes non-trivial. As per the state-of-the-art, the issue of external camera shake incurred due to vibration is a great concern in capturing accurate images, which may be induced by the driving motor of the manipulator. So, there is a requirement for a stable active controller for sufficient vibration attenuation of the manipulator. However, there are very few reports in agricultural practices which use control algorithms. Although, many control strategies have been utilized to control the vibration in manipulators associated to various applications, no control strategy with validated stability has been provided to control the vibration in such envisioned agricultural manipulator with simple low-cost hardware devices with the compensation of non-linearities. So, in this work, the combination of proportional-integral-differential(PID) control with type-2 fuzzy logic(T2-F-PID) is implemented for vibration control. The validation of the controller stability using Lyapunov analysis is established. A torsional actuator(TA) is applied for mitigating torsional vibration, which is a new contribution in the area of agricultural manipulators. Also, to prove the effectiveness of the controller, the vibration attenuation results with T2-F-PID is compared with conventional PD/PID controllers, and a type-1 fuzzy PID(T1-F-PID) controller.

关键词： Proportional-integral-differential(PID)controller fuzzy logic precision agriculture vibration control stability analysis modular manipulator agricultural robot computer numerical control(CNC)farming

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CO_(2)emission evaluation and cost analysis of oxygen blast furnace process with sintering flue gas injection

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第9期31卷 2101-2109页

作者： Wei Zhang Jia-meng Lei Jing-qi Li Guo-jun Ma henrik Saxén The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Process and Systems Engineering Laboratory Faculty of Science and EngineeringÅbo Akademi UniversityÅbo20500Finland

In order to achieve ultra-low emissions of SO_(2)and NO_(x),the oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection is presented as a promising novel *** CO_(2)emission was examined,and a cost analysis of the process was *** results show that in the cases when the top gas is not circulated(Cases 1–3),and the volume of injected sintering flue gas per ton of hot metal is below about 1250 m^(3),the total CO_(2)emissions decrease first and then increase as the oxygen content of the blast *** the volume of injected sintering flue gas per ton of hot metal exceeds approximately 1250 m^(3),the total CO_(2)emissions gradually *** the recirculating top gas and the vacuum pressure swing adsorption are considered,the benefits of recovered gas can make the ironmaking cost close to or even lower than that of the ordinary blast ***,the implementation of this approach leads to a substantial reduction in total CO_(2)emissions,with reductions of 69.13%(Case 4),70.60%(Case 5),and 71.07%(Case 6),*** integrating previous research and current findings,the reasonable oxygen blast furnace with sintering flue gas injection can not only realize desulfurization and denitrification,but also achieve the goal of reducing CO_(2)emissions and ironmaking cost.

关键词： Oxygen blast furnace Sintering flue gas CO_(2)emission Ironmaking cost

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Development and validation of a registry-based definition of eosinophilic esophagitis in Denmark

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第4期19卷 503-510页

作者： Evan S Dellon Rune Erichsen Lars Pedersen Nicholas J Shaheen John A Baron henrik T Sφrensen Mogens Vyberg Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and DiseaseDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599-7080United States Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599-7080United States Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital8000 AarhusDanmark Institute of Pathology Aalborg HospitalAarhus University Hospital8000 AarhusDanmark

AIM:To develop and validate a case definition of eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE) in the linked Danish health ***:For case definition development,we queried the Danish medical registries from 2006-2007 to identify candidate cases of EoE in Northern *** International Classification of Diseases-10(ICD-10) and prescription codes were obtained,and archived pathology slides were obtained and re-reviewed to determine case *** used an iterative process to select inclusion/exclusion codes,refine the case definition,and optimize sensitivity and *** then re-queried the registries from 2008-2009 to yield a validation *** case definition algorithm was applied,and sensitivity and specificity were ***:Of the 51 and 49 candidate cases identified in both the development and validation sets,21 and 24 had EoE,*** of EoE cases in the development set [mean age 35 years;76% male;86% dysphagia;103 eosinophils per high-power field(eos/hpf)] were similar to those in the validation set(mean age 42 years;83% male;67% dysphagia;77 eos/hpf).Re-review of archived slides confirmed that the pathology coding for esophageal eosinophilia was correct in greater than 90% of *** registrybased case algorithms based on pathology,ICD-10,and pharmacy codes were successfully generated in the development set,one that was sensitive(90%) and one that was specific(97%).When these algorithms were applied to the validation set,they remained sensitive(88%) and specific(96%).CONCLUSION:Two registry-based definitions,one highly sensitive and one highly specific,were developed and validated for the linked Danish national health databases,making future population-based studies feasible.

关键词： Eosinophilic esophagitis Denmark Epidemiology Case definition Sensitivity Specificity

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Enhanced Free Radical Scavenging and Inhibition of DPP-4 and ACE Activities by Compounds from Salmon Tissues Digested in Vitro with Gastrointestinal Proteases

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第5期4卷 393-406页

作者： Susan Skanderup Falkenberg Jan Stagsted henrik Hauch Nielsen National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800 Denmark Department of Food Science Aarhus University Tjele DK-8830 Denmark

Research on marine bioactive peptides has mainly focused on characterization of peptides in hydrolysates prepared with commercial industrial enzymes and the usefulness of such hydrolysates in health and functional foods. However, a relevant question is whether digestion of fish proteins with gastrointestinal proteases per se generates peptides that also can have health promoting properties and can reduce, e.g., diabetes 2, inflammation and hypertension either in relation to gastrointestinal digestion or as alternative to industrial proteases. The aim of the study was to investigate hydrolysates obtained from in vitro sequential digestion of salmon muscle and skin with gastrointestinal proteases including pepsin, pancreatic and pancreatic ＋ mucosal proteases for their ability to scavenge ABTS^＋ radicals and inhibit activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme （ACE） and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 （DPP-4）. Furthermore, it was the aim to study the inhibitory mechanism and stability towards ACE and DPP-4 activity. Analysis of〈 10 kDa hydrolysates showed that gastrointestinal proteases generated peptides with clear radical scavenging activity and DPP-4 and ACE inhibiting activity as well. Hydrolysates from pepsin digestion exhibited the lowest ECso values for radical scavenging activity and ACE inhibition, whereas ECso increased in hydrolysates after subsequent digestion with pancreatic and mucosal proteases. Interestingly, ECso values for the DPP-4 inhibition were hardly affected by sequential digestion. Inhibition modes for the muscle hydrolysates were both competitive and non-competitive, but prolonged incubation showed that the inhibitory properties were unstable and therefore they were probably digested as competitive substrates by gastrointestinal proteases.

关键词： Salmon bioactive components ACE DPP-4 radical scavenging in vitro digestion gastrointestinal proteases.

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Development and internal validation of the Comprehensive ALPPS Preoperative Risk Assessment(CAPRA)score:is the patient suitable for Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第1期11卷 52-66,I0007,I0008页

作者： Ivan Capobianco Karl J.Oldhafer Mohammed-Hossein Fard-Aghaie Ricardo Robles-Campos Roberto Brusadin henrik Petrowsky Michael Linecker Arianeb Mehrabi Katrin Hoffmann Jun Li Asmus Heumann Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro Mauro Enrique Tun-Abraham Elio Jovine Matteo Serenari Bergthor Bjornsson per Sandström Ruslan Alikhanov Mikhail Efanov Paolo Muiesan Andrea Schlegel Thomas M.van Gulik Pim B.Olthof Gregor Alexander Stavrou Lina Maria Serna-Higuita Alfred Königsrainer Silvio Nadalin Department of General Visceral and Transplant SurgeryUniversity Hospital TübingenTübingenGermany Department of General and Abdominal Surgery Asklepios Hospital BarmbekHamburgGermany Department of Surgery Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinic and University HospitalMurciaSpain Swiss HPB and Transplantation Center Department of SurgeryZurich University HospitalZurichSwitzerland Department of General Visceraland Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and ClinicHamburg-Eppendorf University Medical CenterHamburgGermany Division of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA Division of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation Department of SurgeryLondon Health Sciences CentreLondonCanada General and Emergency Surgery Unit Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di BolognaMaggiore HospitalBolognaItaly General Surgery and Transplantation Unit Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di BolognaSant’Orsola-Malpighi HospitalBolognaItaly Department of Surgery in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Moscow Clinical Scientific CenterMoscowRussia Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Department of Surgery Amsterdam UMC(Location AMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of General Abdominal and Thoracic SurgerySurgical OncologySaarbruecken General HospitalSaarbrueckenGermany Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry University of TübingenTübingenGermany

Background:Preoperative patient selection in Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)is not always reliable with currently available scores,particularly in patients with primary liver *** study aims to(I)to determine whether comorbidities and patients characteristics are a risk factor in ALPPS and(II)to create a score predicting 90-day mortality ***:Thirteen high-volume centers participated in this retrospective multicentric study.A risk analysis based on patient characteristics,underlying disease and procedure type was performed to identify risk factors and model the Comprehensive ALPPS Preoperative Risk Assessment(CAPRA)score.A nonparametric receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to estimate the predictive ability of our score against the Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI),the age-adjusted CCI(aCCI),the ALPPS risk score before Stage 1(ALPPS-RS1)and Stage 2(ALPPS-RS2).The model was internally validated applying ***:A total of 451 patients were *** was 14.4%.The CAPRA score is calculated based on the following formula:(0.1×age)−(2×BSA)+1(in the presence of primary liver tumor)+1(in the presence of severe cardiovascular disease)+2(in the presence of moderate or severe diabetes)+2(in the presence of renal disease)+2(if classic ALPPS is planned).The predictive ability was 0.837 for the CAPRA score,0.443 for CCI,0.519 for aCCI,0.693 for ALPPS-RS1 and 0.807 for *** 1,000 cycles of bootstrapping the C statistic was *** accuracy plot revealed a cut-off for optimal prediction of postoperative mortality of ***:Comorbidities play an important role in ALPPS and should be carefully considered when planning the *** assessing the patient’s preoperative condition in relation to ALPPS,the CAPRA score has a very good ability to predict postoperative mortality.

关键词： Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged hepatectomy(ALPPS) comorbidity mortality prediction model patient selection

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Measurements of the Electrical Incidence Angle Modifiers of an Asymmetrical Photovoltaic/Thermal Compound Parabolic Concentrating-Collector

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第1期5卷 37-43页

作者： Bernardo Ricardo Davidsson henrik Gentile Niko Gomes Joao Gruffman Christian Chea Luis Mumba Chabu Karlsson Bjorn Energy and Building Design Lund UniversityLundSweden Solarus Sunpower AB StockholmSweden Finsun AB AlvkarlebySweden Universidade Eduardo Mondlane MaputoMozambique University of Zambia LusakaZambia Division of Energy Engineering Malardalen UniversityVasterasSweden

Reflector edges, sharp acceptance angles and by-pass diodes introduce large variations in the electrical performance of asymmetrical concentrating photovoltaic/thermal modules over a short incidence angle interval. It is therefore important to quantify these impacts precisely. The impact on the electrical performance of the optical properties of an asymmetrical photovoltaic/thermal CPC-collector was measured in Maputo, Mozambique. The measurements were carried out with the focus on attaining a high resolution incidence angle modifier in both the longitudinal and transversal directions, since large variations were expected over small angle intervals. A detailed analysis of the contribution of the diffuse radiation to the total output was also carried out. The solar cells have an electrical efficiency of 18% while the maximum measured electrical efficiency of the collector was 13.9 % per active glazed area and 20.9 % per active cell area, at 25 °C. Such data make it possible to quantify not only the electrical performance for different climatic and operating conditions but also to determine potential improvements to the collector design. The electrical output can be increased by a number of different measures, e.g. removing the outermost cells, turning the edge cells 90°, dividing each receiver side into three or four parts and directing the tracking, when used, along a north-south axis.

关键词： CPC-collector PVT hybrid incidence angle modifier asymmetric collector electrical efficiency

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