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The logically consistent relationship between cladograms and synapomorphies

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Zoological Systematics 2024年第4期 281-284页

作者： Santiago J.Sánchez-pacheco

Here I explore the biological relevance, origin and meaning of the concept of cladogram (rooted, directed branching diagramsrepresentingthehypothesizedphylogeneticrelationshipsamongtheterminaltaxaunderstudy)andarguethat cladogramsdonotnecessarilyentailsynapomorphies,butsynapomorphiesarerequiredtotestandultimatelyfalsify cladograms. Both cladograms and synapomorphies are required to achieve phylogenetic explanation. I conclude that within aphylogenetic,scientificcontext,testabilityreferstothelogicalrelationshipamongcladograms(hypotheses),synapomorphies (evidence), and background knowledge (descent with modification). It is the relationship between evidence and hypothesis that underlies a logically consistent relationship between synapomorphies and cladograms. The capacity of a given cladogram, as a hypothesis, to explain synapomorphies complements this relationship and conforms phylogenetic explanation.

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Proliferative vitreoretinopathy and its relationship with inflammatory serum biomarkers

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第9期17卷 1659-1664页

作者： Victor Alejandro Martinez pacheco Sergio rojas Juarez Braulio Hernan Velasco Sepulveda Abel ramirez Estudillo Hospital de Nuestra Señora de la Luz Retina and Vitreous DepartmentMexico City 06030Mexico Instituto de Oftlamología FAP Conde de Valenciana Mexico City 06080Mexico

AIM:To analyze if a relationship between levels ofinflammatory serum biomarkers and severity of primaryproliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVr)***:A retrospective case-control *** adult patients with rhegmatogenous retinaldetachment and primary PVr were included in the *** the control group,healthy adults who underwentcataract surgery were *** grade of PVr wasclassified according to the retinal Society *** samples were obtained before surgery,and processed in MYTHIC *** of interest wereneutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLr),platelet-to-lymphocyteratio(PLr),and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMr),thetime between the decrease in visual acuity and surgery,PVrgrade,type of surgery,final best corrected visual acuity,andrate of ***:Totally 240 patients were included,120 ineach group,79(65.8%)and 56(46.7%)were male in thePVr and control group,*** A had greaterlevels of monocytes(0.28±0.18 vs 0.12±0.32,P=0.002),neutrophils(4.59±1.51 vs 3.92±1.27,P=0.006),and LMr(9.32±4.42 vs 7.43±3.90,P=0.01).PVr B had a greatermonocyte count(0.30±0.13 vs 0.12±0.32,P=0.001),andPVr C demonstrated higher levels in monocytes(0.27±0.12vs 0.12±0.32,P=0.004),neutrophils(4.39±1.13 vs3.92±1.27,P=0.004),and LMr(9.63±3.24 vs 7.43±3.90,P=0.002)compared to control,*** LMr cut-offvalue of 9.38 predicted PVr with a sensibility of 54.2%andspecificity of 77.5%and NLr cut-off of 1.70 predicted PVrwith a sensibility of 62%and specificity of 54.2%.CONCLUSION:Patients with primary PVr demonstrategreater neutrophil,monocyte,and LMr levels than thecontrol ***-off values obtained from ratios could beuseful in a clinical setting when no posterior view of thefundus is possible due to media opacity.

关键词： biomarkers proliferative vitreoretinopathy retinal detachment inflammation serum

Simulated rainfall in Brazil:An alternative for assesment of soil surface processes and an opportunity for technological development

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2024年第1期12卷 29-42页

作者： Camila Calazans da Silva Luz Wilk Sampaio de Almeida Adilson pacheco de Souza Nivaldo Schultz Jamil Alexandre Ayach Anache Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho Postgraduate Program in Agronomy-Soil Sciences Federal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRJBrazil Agronomy Department Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of RondôniaAriquemesROBrazil Federal University of Mato Grosso SinopMTBrazil Federal rural University of rio de Janeiro SeropédicaRJBrazil Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo GrandeMSBrazil

rainfall simulators(rS)have been used,above all,to evaluate hydrological processes related to soil water infiltration,surface runoff and soil *** allow repeatability of rain application with different precipitation intensities in field and/or laboratory conditions and should produce events with physical characteristics similar to natural *** this manuscript,we carried out a bibliometric and scientometric analysis of studies with simulated rainfall in Brazil to assess the temporal evolution of publications,the main topics addressed and the degree of technological development of the *** searched for the terms“rainfall simulator”Or“simulated rainfall”AND“Brazil”in the Scopus,Web of Science,SciELO and Google Scholar *** found 143 articles published in the last 37 years(1985-2022).Our findings indicate that the main research areas covered in papers are soil erosion(57.34%),soil water infiltration(24.47%),nutrient losses(9.8%)and rS development and calibration/assessment(8.39%).In recent years,the number of published papers in international high-impact factor journals has *** of the papers(49.65%)refer to studies carried out by institutions located in the south and southeast regions of ***,there is a large gap of studies on simulated rainfall in other regions of Brazil,where important biomes such as the Cerrado,Amazon,Caatinga,and their transitions are *** study informs research priorities on soil erosion under simulated rainfall and provides a bibliographic database that can assist in more detailed future analyses.

关键词： rainfall simulator Soil and water losses Soil water infiltration Bibliometrics Scientific review

Different no-till grain production systems with Urochloa *** soil microbial community structure,biomass and activity in a tropical Ultisol

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 119-129页

作者： Matheus Emannuel Oliveira Vieira Lucas Dantas Lopes France Mario Costa Viviane Talamini Edson Patto pacheco Marcelo Ferreira Fernandes PPGAGrI Universidade Federal de SergipeAv.Marechal Rondons/n-49100-000-Sao CristovaoSEBrazil Embrapa Coastal Tablelands Av Govemador Paulo Barreto de Menezesn°3250-49025-040-AracajuSEBrazil

Integrated grain cropping systems promote soil health(SH)and *** biomass and activity(MBA)and community structure(MCS)are key to *** of maize with Urochloa pastures strongly impacts MBA and *** is more sensitive than MCS to shifts in grain cropping *** under continuous Urochloa increased microbial activity and AMF *** soils are prone to *** of conservation agricultural practices is essential to improve soil health,which is influenced by soil *** this study we analyzed shifts in microbial biomass and activity(MBA)and microbial community structure(MCS)based on fatty acid methyl esthers(FAMEs)between five no-till agricultural practices:maize monoculture(MM);maize annualy intercropped with Urochloa decumbens(M/Ud);M/Ud with soybean rotation every other year(M/Ud-S);M/Ud keeping the pasture for the next two years(M/Ud-Ud-Ud);and maize intercropped with *** keeping the pasture for the next two years(M/Ur-Ur-Ur).results indicated that MBA was affected by the inclusion of Urochloa intercropping and by rotation with *** under a longer residence time with Urochloa in the field had higherβ-glucosidase activity and soil basal respiration,indicating a greater microbial *** was less affected than MBA by the investigated cropping *** changed only in the continuous pasture systems,which were enriched in arbuscular mycorrhyzal fungi(AMF).Additionally,the continuous pasture systems had lower microbial stress ratios than the other agricultural *** sum,our study showed that utilization of Urochloa *** longer periods in no-till agricultural practices contributes to increase microbial activity,AMF abundance and decrease microbial stress *** changes are primarily beneficial for soil health.

关键词： crop-pasture integration crop rotation no-tillage soil health microbial ecology

Clinical features of chronic kidney disease in dogs with the serological presence of Leptospira spp.,Ehrlichia canis,and Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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Animal Diseases 2024年第3期4卷 224-230页

作者： Claire A.Vázquez‑Manzanilla María F.Cárdenas‑Marrufo Eduardo Gutiérrez‑Blanco Matilde Jiménez‑Coello Nelly r.Pech‑Sosa Antonio Ortega‑pacheco Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaCampus de Ciencias Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaYucatán 97100México Unidad Interinstitucional de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaYucatán 97000México

Chronic kidney disease is commonly diagnosed in dogs,and clinical signs may be aggravated when infected agents are *** this case report,33 dogs with chronic kidney disease were clinically evaluated and serologically tested for Leptospira spp.,Ehrlichia canis,and Anaplasma *** seroprevalence for Leptospira *** 39.4%.The most frequent serovars found were Pyrogenes,Canicola,Bratislava and Australis,with serological titers between 1:100 to 1:*** signs included fever,depression,decreased body condition,vomiting and hema‑*** laboratory fndings were anemia,leukocytosis,thrombocytopenia,increased liver enzymes,urea and creatinine,hyperbilirubinemia and *** leptospira seronegative dogs were positive for one or both monitored homoparasites(i.e.,*** and ***);only three leptospira seropositive dogs were positive for one or both *** also suggest that endemic hemoparasites of dogs should be moni‑tored in dogs with a kidney condition for a better clinical picture of the patients and therapeutic approach.

关键词： Anaplasma Chronic kidney disease Dog Ehrlichia Leptospira

New Formulation for Semi-Empirical Correlations for Penetration Jets

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2019年第2期9卷 96-111页

作者： r. r. pacheco L. O. Freire M. S. rocha N. L. Scuro M. O. Menezes D. A. Andrade Centro Tecnológico da Marinha em Sã o Paulo S&atilde o Paulo Brazil Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares S&atilde o Paulo Brazil

Correlations for the extension of a water vapor jet injected in a liquid pool were historically proposed considering the mass flux (kg/m2/s) as a constant. The results were satisfactory, however adjusting the values by linear regression. Although, it presents the following drawbacks: 1) the formulation is only valid for the specific range of data for what it was created;2) it does not allow the analytical evaluation of the heat transfer coefficient from the extension equation. This paper proposes a new formulation for the calculation of the mass flux, in such a way to remove both of these drawbacks.

关键词： Direct Contact Condensation Vapor Jet Steam Jet Steam Mass Flux Vapor Cavity reynolds Number Jet radius rate of Condensation Non-Dimensional Jet Length Liquid Pool Dimensionless Transport Modulus Condensation Driving Potential

Genome-wide association mapping and genomic prediction of stalk rot in two mid-altitude tropical maize populations

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 558-568页

作者： Junqiao Song Angela pacheco Amos Alakonya Andrea S.Cruz-Morales Carlos Muoz-Zavala Jingtao Qu Chunping Wang Xuecai Zhang Felix San Vicente Thanda Dhliwayo College of Agronomy Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471000HenanChina International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) El BatanMexico Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Anyang 455000HenanChina CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize research Center Crop Breedingand Cultivation Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 201403China

Maize stalk rot reduces grain yield and *** about the genetics of resistance to maize stalk rot could help breeders design effective breeding strategies for the *** prediction may be a more effective breeding strategy for stalk-rot resistance than marker-assisted *** performed a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and genomic prediction of resistance in testcross hybrids of 677 inbred lines from the Tuxpe?o and non-Tuxpe?o heterotic pools grown in three environments and genotyped with 200,681 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Eighteen SNPs associated with stalk rot shared genomic regions with gene families previously associated with plant biotic and abiotic *** favorable SNP haplotypes traced to tropical than to temperate progenitors of the inbred *** genotype-by-environment(G×E)interaction increased genomic prediction accuracy.

关键词： Maize stalk rot Genome-wide association mapping Haplotype analysis Genomic prediction G×E interaction

The effectiveness of different wear indicators in quantifying wear on railway wheels of freight wagons

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railway Engineering Science 2024年第3期32卷 307-323页

作者： Philipe Augusto de Paula pacheco M.Magelli Matheus Valente Lopes Pedro Henrique Alves Correa N.Zampieri N.Bosso Auteliano Antunes dos Santos Federal Institute of the Southeast of Minas Gerais(IF Sudeste MG) Técnico PanamáStreet 45Santos DumontMG 36246-311Brazil railway Laboratory(Lafer) Universidade Estadual de Campinas(UNICAMP)Mendeleyev Street 200CampinasSP 13083-872Brazil Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Politecnico Di TorinoC.so Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129 TurinItaly

railway infrastructure relies on the dynamic interaction between wheels and rails;thus,assessing wheel wear is a critical aspect of maintenance and *** paper focuses on the wheel-rail wear indicator T-gamma(Tγ).Amidst its use,it becomes apparent that Tγ,while valuable,fails to provide a comprehensive reflection of the actual material removal and actual contact format,which means that using only Tγas a target for optimization of profiles is not *** this work,three different freight wagons are evaluated:a meter-gauge and a broad-gauge heavy haul vehicles from South American railways,and a standard-gauge freight vehicle operated in Europe,with different axle loads and dissimilar new wheel/rail *** vehicles are subjected to comprehensive multibody simulations on various *** simulations aimed to elucidate the intricate relationship between different wear indicators:Tγ,wear index,material removal,and maximum wear depth,under diverse curves,non-compensated lateral accelerations(A_(nc)),and *** findings showed a correlation of 0.96 between Tγand wear depth and 0.82 between wear index and material removed for the outer *** the results,the Tγis better than the wear index to be used when analyzing wear depth while the wear index is more suited to foresee the material *** results also show the low influence of A_(nc)on wear index and Tγ.By considering these factors together,the study aims to improve the understanding of wheel-rail wear by selecting the best wear analysis approaches based on the effectiveness of each parameter.

关键词： Wear index Wear volume Wear modeling Dynamic simulation

DNA metabarcoding reveals seasonal changes in diet composition across four arthropod-eating lizard species(Phrynosomatidae:Sceloporus)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 480-495页

作者： Mauricio HErNÁNDEZ Stephanie HErEIrA-pacheco Antton ALBErDI Aníbal H.DÍAZ DE LA VEGA-PÉrEZ Arturo ESTrADA-TOrrES Sergio ANCONA Yendi E.NAVArrO-NOYA Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Estación Científica La Malinche Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics The Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcalaMexico Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas Centro de Investigación en Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaSan Felipe IxtacuixtlaTlaxcalaMexico

Diet composition and its ecological drivers are rarely investigated in coexisting closely related *** used a molecular approach to characterize the seasonal variation in diet composition in four spiny lizard species inhabiting a mountainous *** metabarcoding revealed that the lizards Sceloporus aeneus,***,***,and *** mostly consumed arthropods of the orders Hemiptera,Araneae,Hymenoptera,and *** terrestrial lizards *** and *** mostly predated ants and spiders,whereas the arboreal–saxicolous *** and saxicolous *** largely consumed grasshoppers and *** taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the prey was higher during the dry season than the rainy season,likely because reduced prey availability in the dry season forced lizards to diversify their diets to meet their nutritional *** and phylogenetic composition varied seasonally depending on the species,but only dietary composition varied with *** dietary turnover was greater in *** than in ***,suggesting site-specific seasonal variability in prey availability;no other differences among species were ***,which lives at the highest altitude in our study site,displayed interseasonal variation in diet *** differences were correlated with the species’feeding strategies and elevational distribution,which likely contributed to the coexistence of these lizard species in the studied geographic area and beyond.

关键词： arthropod-eating lizards diet breadth environmental barcoding mountainous ecosystem seasonal dietary shifts