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THE BURST OF InDIAn SUMMER MOnSOOn AS REVEALEDBY GOES SATELLITE DURInG MQnEX 1979

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1986年第4期3卷 514-519页

作者： p.n.mahajan,V.R.Mujumdar,S.p.Ghanekar Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology pune-411005 India Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology pune-411005 India Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology pune-411005 India

During FGGE year 1979, low-level air flow over the western Indian Ocean was determined from the analysis of GOES images (5-20 June). The wind pattern shows sudden change in low-level air circulation over western Indian Ocean during the initial burst of summer monsoon. The burst of monsoon is characterized by sudden establishment of low-level jet and strong cross-equatorial flow. This abrupt change signals the beginning of southwest monsoon over India and it is associated with the first monsoon rainfall over the southern part of western coast of India. Sudden change in low-level air flow is followed by the burst of monsoon within 3-5 days.

关键词： GOES In THE BURST OF InDIAn SUMMER MOnSOOn AS REVEALEDBY GOES SATELLITE DURInG MQnEX 1979 over

Construction of Vertical Wind profile from Satellite-Derived Winds for Objective Analysis of Wind Field

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1992年第2期9卷 237-246页

作者： p.n.mahajan D.R.Talwalkar S.nair S.Rajamani Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008

During summer Monex-79, a variety of observing systems viz. research ships, research aircrafts, constant pressure balloons and geostationary satellite etc. were deployed, besides the regular conventional observations. The purpose of these additional systems was to make the best possible data for the studies on various aspects of monsoon circulation. The present study is aimed at the construction of vertical wind profile using cloud motion vectors obtained from GOES (I-O) satellite and to examine whether the constructed wind profiles improves the representation of the monsoon system, flow pattern etc. in the objective analysis. For this purpose, climatological normals of the wind field are considered as the initial guess and the objective analyses of the wind field are made with, first using only data from conventional observations over land areas, subsequently including the constructed winds from cloud motion vectors. These analyses are then compared with the standard analyses of wind field obtained from Quick Look Atlas by T. n. Krishnamurti et al. (1979).It is inferred that satellite estimated mean wind profiles show good agreement with the mean wind profiles of the research ships with RMS errors less than 5 mps below 500 hpa and less than 8 mps above 500 hpa. It is further inferred that the inclusion of constructed winds shows a positive impact on the objective analysis and improvement is seen to be more marked in the data-sparse region of the Arabian sea. Analyses which include the constructed winds show better agreement with the standard analysis, than the analyses obtained using only conventional winds. Thus, results of our study suggest that the wind profiles constructed using cloud motion vectors are of potential use in objective analysis to depict the major circulation features over the Indian region.

关键词： Construction of Vertical Wind profile from Satellite-Derived Winds for Objective Analysis of Wind Field Wind

ESTIMATIOn OF VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIOn OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY USInG SATELLITE DATA

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1990年第2期4卷 231-238页

作者： p.n.mahajan Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411005 India

In this paper, an attempt has been made to find out the vertical distribution of RH at levels of 850, 700 and 500 hpa by using satellite-derived radiation parameters (i.e., albedo, outgoing longwave fluxes, absorb- ed solar radiation and net radiation). For this purpose, multiple regression equations are derived from MOnEX-79 upsonde and dropsonde data over the Arabian Sea for the period 11--20 June 1979. Satellite- estimated RH fields have been compared with ECMWF RH fields obtained from FGGE level ⅢB data. The RMS error and error variance for satellite-estimated RH fields have been found to be less than for those of ECMWF. Satellite-estimated isohygric patterns show good agreement with the cloudiness patterns of GOES satellite, whereas ECMWF isohygric patterns do not show much resemblance with the cloudiness patterns. The results of the study suggest that satellite-estimated RH fields could be more useful than ECMWF RH fields and they can be used with some confidence in nWp models.

关键词： RH ECMWF ESTIMATIOn OF VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIOn OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY USInG SATELLITE DATA GOES nWp GMT

Impacts of pI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(pI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the pI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/pI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/pI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the pI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the pI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

From single to combinatorial therapies in spinal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-pérez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero Hospital nacional de parapléjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain Medical Research Unit for neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial implications for affected people, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. Most published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatment: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and implantation of a biomaterial. Despite the significant benefits reported in animal models, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the improvement, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to promote neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that more than one therapeutic agent could be required to promote structural and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cord. Treatments that combine several therapeutic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therapeutic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neuroprotection spinal cord injury repair spinal cord injury treatments structural restoration of spinal cord injury

LC,MS^n and LC-MS/MS studies for the characterization of degradation products of amlodipine

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Journal of pharmaceutical Analysis 2015年第1期5卷 33-42页

作者： Ravi n.Tiwari nishit Shah Vikas Bhalani Anand mahajan Department of pharmaceutical Chemistry SVKM's NMIMSSchool of Pharmacy and Technology ManagementNear Bank of Tapi RiverAgra-Mumbai RoadBabuldeShirpurDist.Dhule 425405MaharashtraIndia Department of pharmaceutical Chemistry Sinhgad Institute of PharmacyPuneMaharashtraIndia

In the present study,comprehensive stress testing of amlodipine（AM） was carried out according to International Conference on Harmonization（ICH） Q1A（R2） *** was subjected to acidic,neutral and alkaline hydrolysis,oxidation,photolysis and thermal stress *** drug showed instability in acidic and alkaline conditions,while it remained stable to neutral,oxidative,light and thermal stress.A total of nine degradation products（Dps） were formed from *** could be separated by the developed gradient LC method on a C18 *** products formed under various stress conditions were investigated by LC-MS/MS *** previously developed LC method was suitably modified for LC-MS/MS studies by replacing phosphate buffer with ammonium acetate buffer of the same concentration（pH 5.0）.A complete fragmentation pathway of the drug was first established to characterize all the degradation products using LC-MS/MS and multi-stage mass（MS^n） fragmentation *** obtained mass values were used to study elemental compositions,and the total information helped with the identification of *** with its degradation pathway.

关键词： Amlodipine LC-MS/MS Characterization Degradation pathway

nucleoside modified mRnA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Krisztián pajer Tamás Bellák Antal nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

Green ionic metal-organic frameworks as nanocatalysts for CO_(2)fixation

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nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 260-269页

作者： nuria Martín Miguel Maireles-porcar Julián Sánchez Velandia Belén Altava Francisco G.Cirujano Eduardo García-Verdugo Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica Universidad Jaume IAv.Sos Baynats/nCastellóde la PlanaCastellón 12071Spain

Co,ni,and Zn iso-reticular coordination polymers of 2,5-dihydroxyterphthalic acid(H_(2)dot)can be rapidly obtained under room temperature and aqueous conditions using either sodium or ammonium hydroxide as the bases to deprotonate the *** use of metal bromides and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide(TBAOH)as the base allows the green synthesis of ionic metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA),H-nuclear magnetic resonance(nMR),elemental analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XpS),and employed in the pressure,solvent,and additive-free CO_(2)fixation to epoxides by its cycloaddition to epichlorohydrin,exhibiting a cooperative behavior between the MOF and the ionic liquid formed within the framework,achieving TOns of the confined tetrabutylammonium bromide(TBABr)up to 700.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) ionic liquids heterogeneous catalysis CO_(2)conversion

Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri Alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio de neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain *** astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute ***,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRnAs or lncRnA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors