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High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among primary school children,Uttar pradesh,India,2015

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1235-1243页

作者： Sandipan Ganguly Sharad Barkataki Sumallya Karmakar prerna Sanga K.Boopathi K.Kanagasabai p.kamaraj punam Chowdhury Rituparna Sarkar Dibyendu Raj Leo James Shanta Dutta Rakesh Sehgal priya Jha Manoj Murhekar National Institute of Cholera&Enteric Diseases Indian Council of Medical ResearchKolkataIndia Evidence Action-Deworm the World Initiative New DelhiIndia GFK Mode MumbaiIndia Department of Epidemiology National Institute of EpidemiologyIndian Council of Medical ResearchChennaiIndia Department of Medical parasitology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia

Background:Soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections often affect the poorest and most deprived *** order to generate reliable data for planning a school based deworming program,we conducted a survey among primary school children studying in government schools in the Indian state of Uttar *** objectives of our survey were to estimate the prevalence and intensity of STH ***:We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children studying in 130 primary schools from 9 agroclimatic zones,during May-August *** about socio-demographic details,defecation and handhygiene practices,and stool samples were collected from the school *** samples were examined using the Kato-Katz ***:Stool samples from 6421 school children were *** overall weighted prevalence of any STH in the State was 75.6%(95%CI:71.2-79.5).The prevalence was more than 50%in six of the nine agro-climatic *** was the most prevalent STH(prevalence:69.6%),followed by hookworm(prevalence:22.6%)and ***(4.6%).The majority of the STH infections were of low *** practice of open defecation and not washing hands with soap after defecation and residence in kutcha house were significant risk factors of STH ***:STH prevalence among primary school children in Uttar pradesh was *** the WHO guidelines on deworming frequency according to STH prevalence,Govt of Uttar pradesh needs to implement a school-based deworming program with bi-annual *** findings of our survey would also help monitor the performance of school based deworming programme.

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Uttar pradesh India

Larvicidal and adulticidal potential of medicinal plant extracts from south India against vectors

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第12期3卷 948-953页

作者： Chinnaperumal kamaraj Abdul Abdul Rahuman Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural products Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology C.Abdul Hakeem College Melvisharam-632 509Vellore DistrictTamil NaduIndia

Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adulticidal activities of hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Momordica charantia（***）,Moringa oleifera（***）,Ocimum gratissimum（***）,Ocimum tenuiflorum（***）,punica granalum（p. granatum） and Tribulus terrestris（***） against Culex gelidus（***） and Culex quinquefasciatus（***）.Methods:Bioassay test was carried out by WHO method for determination of larvicidal and adulticidal activity against ***:All plant extracts showed moderate larvicidal and adulticidal activities,however the effective larval mortality was found in the leaf ethyl acetate and methanol extract of *** and bark methanol extract of *** against *** with LC50 values of 39.***.66.28,and 21.83μg/mL respectively,and methanol extract of ***,*** and *** against *** with LC50 values of 38.***.24.90 and 67.20μg/mL,*** adult exposed for 1 h and mortality was recorded at 24 h recovery *** 90%- mortality was found in the ethyl acetate and methanol extract of all experimental plants at the concentrations of 500μg/***:The present results suggest that the medicinal plant extracts provided an excellent potential for controlling *** and ***.

关键词： plant extracts Larvicidal Adulticidal Culex gelidus Culex quinquefasciatus

Utilization of TiO_(2)/gC_(3)N_(4)nanoadditive to boost oxidative properties of vegetable oil for tribological application

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Friction 2021年第2期9卷 273-287页

作者： Nisha RANJAN Rashmi C.SHENDE Muthusamy kamaraj Sundara RAMApRABHU Department of physics Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India

The emergence of vegetable oil as a promising alternative lubricant in the tribological application space has fueled research for making these oils as useful as mineral *** modification of vegetable oil by the addition of TiO_(2)/gC_(3)N_(4)nanocomposite(as a nanoadditive)was studied *** dispersion of the nanoadditive in the vegetable oil showed good oil dispersion stability without the addition of any *** tribological studies were conducted in a four-ball tester using ASTM standard *** addition,the effect of temperature on tribological performance was also studied to understand the oxidation behavior of vegetable *** results showed a significant improvement in friction and wear properties of the optimized *** mechanism behind the improvement in friction and wear properties is annotated in this paper.

关键词： TiO_(2)/gC_(3)N_(4)nanoadditive vegetable oil oxidation

Microstructural features of Mg-8%Sn alloy and its correlation with mechanical properties

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2017年第3期5卷 348-354页

作者： palash poddar Ashok kamaraj A.p.Murugesan Sumanta Bagui K.L.Sahoo Metal Extraction and Forming Division CSIR-National Metallurgical LaboratoryCouncil of Scientific&Industrial ResearchJamshedpur831007 JharkhandIndia Materials Science and Technology Division CSIR-National Metallurgical LaboratoryCouncil of Scientific&Industrial ResearchJamshedpur831007 JharkhandIndia

The aim of this investigation is to establish a structure-property correlation of Mg-8%Sn alloys aged at different time *** alloy under the present investigation was aged at elevated(200℃)temperature for various holding *** aged alloys show retention of intermetallic phases after ageing,but in different area fraction of the same with ageing *** properties evaluation and corresponding microstructural characterizations were performed to correlate their strength and ductility properties with their microstructural features(i.e.,grain size,grain connectivity and the area fraction of intermetallic phases).

关键词： Magnesium alloys Grain boundary triple points Strength Ductility Intermetallic phase

The Influence of portulaca Oleracea L. Leaves Extracts on the Histoarchitecture of Culex Quinquefasciatus and Anopheles Stephensi Larvae

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and pharmacology 2022年第3期2卷 63-71页

作者： parthasarathy Sudharsan Durairaj Siva kamaraj prabhu Chandran Janani pG and Research Department of Biotechnology Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College(Autonomous)ThiruvanaikovilTiruchirappalli 620005Tamil NaduIndia pG and Research Department of Microbiology Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College(Autonomous).ThiruvanaikovilTiruchirappalli 620005Tamil NaduIndia

Background:Mosquito is a big threat to the human ***-borne diseases cause millions of death to the human ***,a permanent solution is eagerly to be established to control its excessive growth in stagnant *** oleracea Linn is a natural larvicidal agent,which contains active ingredients such as linolenic acid,linoleic acid(omega-3 fatty acids).These bioactive compounds may be responsible for its larvicidal properties on ***:The present study is focussed on identifying the bioactive compounds,such as linolenic acid,through GC-MS,and analyzing the larvicidal efficacy of portulaca oleracea *** Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi ***:preliminary phytochemical analysis,total protein content,total carbohydrate content,total phenol content,total flavonoid content and GC-MS analysis exhibited the presence of rich phytoconstituents in portulaca *** analysis was carried out to analyze the antioxidant potential of plant *** activity and histological change were detected to evaluate the efficacy of portulaca oleracea *** the Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi ***:Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of portulaca oleracea *** both Culex quinquefasciatus and Anophe-les stephensi larvae,showed a very good larvicidal activity at 500μg/mL among the various ***-tological damages of mosquito larvae were observed when treated with the portulaca oleracea ***,and provided further evidence for its larvicidal ***:This study concluded that the plant portulaca oleracea *** many useful bioactive compounds,can be a strong larvicidal agent against both Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi *** molecular mechanism for the larvicidal activity will be identified in future studies.

关键词： portulaca oleracea L.leaves Aqueous extract Ethanol extract Fatty acids Culex quinquefasciatus larvae Anopheles stephensi larvae

passive Steganalysis Based on Higher Order Image Statistics of Curvelet Transform

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2010年第4期7卷 531-542页

作者： S.Geetha Siva S.Sivatha Sindhu N.kamaraj Department of Information Technology Thiagarajar College of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Steganographic techniques accomplish covert communication by embedding secret messages into innocuous digital images in ways that are imperceptible to the human eye. This paper presents a novel passive steganalysis strategy in which the task is approached as a pattern classification problem. A critical part of the steganalyser design depends on the selection of informative features. This paper is aimed at proposing a novel attack with improved performance indices with the following implications： 1） employing higher order statistics from a curvelet sub-band image representation that offers better discrimination ability for detecting stego anomalies in images, as compared to other conventional wavelet transforms; 2） increasing the sensitivity and specificity of the system by the feature reduction phase; 3） realizing the system using an efficient classification engine, a neuro-C4.5 classifier, which provides better classification rate. An extensive experimental evaluation on a database containing 5600 clean and stego images shows that the proposed scheme is a state-of-the-art steganalyser that outperforms other previous steganalytic methods.

关键词： Image steganalysis curvelet higher order statistics neuro-C4.5 classifier information forensics information security

Efficacy of larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Catharanthus roseus aqueous and solvent extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第8期6卷 625-630页

作者： Selladurai Subarani Selvi Sabhanayakam Chinnaperumal kamaraj Gandhi Elango Mohamed Abdul Kadir Department of Zoology Annamalai University post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology C. Abdul Hakeem College Department of Chemistry MSS Wake Board College

Objective: To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Catharanthus roseus ( C. roseus ) against malaria and filariasis vectors. Methods: The larvicidal and pupicidal activities of C. roseus leaf extracts were tested against the fourth instar larvae and pupae of Anopheles stephensi ( An. stephensi ) and Culex quinquefasciatus ( Cx. quinquefasciatus ). The mortality was observed after 24 and 48 h post the treatment. The data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations (LC 50 and LC 90 ) at which 50% and 90% of the treated larvae or pupae of the tested species were killed. Results: The larval and pupal mortality were observed after 24 and 48 h of exposure of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. roseus ; no mortality was observed in the control group. The LC 50 values against the fourth-instar larvae of An. stephensi were 68.62 and 72.04 mg/mL for the aqueous extract, 82.47 mg/mL for the ethyl acetate extract, and 78.80 and 86.64 mg/mL for the methanol extract, while the aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had LC 50 values of 85.21, 76.84 and 94.20 mg/mL against the fourth-instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus . The aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had LC 50 values of 118.08, 182.47 and 143.80 mg/mL against the pupae of An. stephensi and 146.20, 226.84 and 156.62 mg/mL against the pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus , respectively. Conclusions: The aqueous and methanol extracts of C. roseus leaves had an excellent potential to control the malarial vector An. stephensi and filariasis vector Cx. quinquefasciatus .

关键词： Catharanthus roseus Anopheles stephensi Culex quinquefasciatus Larvicidal activity pupicidal activity Medicinal plant

Fabrication, characterization, in vitro drug release and glucose uptake activity of 14-deoxy,11, 12-didehydroandrographolide loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles

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Asian Journal of pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第4期12卷 353-362页

作者： Nagalakshmi kamaraj pooja Yashwanthi Rajaguru praveen kumar Issac Sujatha Sundaresan Department of Biotechnology School of Bioengineering SRM University

Biodegradable polymer based novel drug delivery systems brought a considerable attention in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of various drugs. 14-deoxy 11, 12-didehydro andrographolide(poorly water soluble compound) loaded polycaprolactone(nanoDDA) was synthesized using the solvent evaporation technique. Nano-DDA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and dynamic light scattering(DLS) studies. Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy(FTIR) was used to investigate the structural interaction between the drug and the polymer. Functional characterization of the formulation was determined using drug content, cellular uptake and in vitro drug release. 2-deoxy-D-[1-~3H] glucose uptake assay was carried out to assess the antidiabetic potential of nano-DDA in L6 *** nano-DDA displayed spherical shape with a smooth surface(252.898 nm diameter), zeta potential, encapsulation and loading efficiencies of -38.9 mV, 91.98 ± 0.13% and 15.09 ± 0.18% respectively. No structural alteration between the drug and the polymer was evidenced(FTIR analysis). Confocal microscopy studies with rhodamine 123 loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles(Rh123-pCL Nps) revealed the internalization of Rh123-pCL Nps in a time dependent manner in L6 myoblasts. A dose dependent increase in glucose uptake was observed for nano-DDA with a maximal uptake of 108.54 ± 1.42% at 100 nM on L6 myotubes, thereby proving its anti-diabetic efficacy. A biphasic pattern of in vitro drug release demonstrated an initial burst release at 24 h followed by a sustained release for up to 11 days. To conclude,our results revealed that nano-DDA formulation can be a potent candidate for antidiabetic drug delivery.

关键词： Nanoencapsulation polycaprolactone 14-deoxy 11,12-didehydro andrographolide Glucose uptake In vitro drug release Cellular uptake

Adult emergence inhibition and adulticidal activities of medicinal plant extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第11期3卷 878-883页

作者： Abdul Abduz Zahir Abdul Abdul Rahuman Asokan Bagavan Gandhi Elango Chinnaperumal kamaraj Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural products Post Graduate and Research Department of ZoologyC.Abdul Hakeem CollegeMelvisharam- 632 509Vellore DistrictTamil NaduIndia

Objective:To determine the adult emergence inhibition（EI） and adulticidal activities of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and acetone leaves extracts of Anisomeles malabarica（A. malabarica）,Euphorbia hirta（E,hirta）,Ocimum basilicum（***）,Ricinus communis（R. communis）,Solanum trilobatum（***）,Tridax procumbens（***） and seeds of Gloriosa superba（***） against Anopheles stephensi（An,stephensi）.Methods:The EI and adulticidal trials were carried out according to World Health Organization（WHO） procedures with slight *** extracts were diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide in order to prepare a serial dilution of test dosages（15.625,31.25,62.5,125,250,500 and 1 000μg/mL）.Five duplicate trials were carried out for every sample concentration,and for each trial a negative control was included and the mortality was determined after 24 h of ***:The highest EI activity was found in ethyl acetate extracts of A malabarica,chloroform extracts of ***, ***,acetone of extract of ***,***,and seed extract of *** with EI50 values 143.12,119.***.157.87,139.39,111.19,and 134.85μg/mL,and the effective adulticidal activity was observed in chloroform,acetone extracts of ***,***,R. communis,*** and ethyl acetate extract of *** with LD50 values 120.17,108.77, 127.22,163.11,118.27,and 93.02μg/mL,***-square value was significant at ppounds that might possess good EI and adulticidal properties when isolated in pure form.

关键词： plant extracts Anopheles stephensi Adult emergence inhibition Adulticidal activity