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Numerical study on waste polyethylene pyrolysis driven by self-sustaining smoldering

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 627-638页

作者： pAN RuMing WU YiBo gUENE LOUgOU Bachirou SHUAI Yong DEBENEST gérald School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Institut de Mecanique des Fluides de Toulouse(IMFT)-Universite de Toulouse CNRS-INPT-UPSToulouse 31400France

polyethylene is the type of waste plastic that accounts for the most significant proportion of municipal solid *** polyethylene can be valorized via pyrolysis and produce value-added oil,gas,and *** the other hand,self-sustaining smoldering is an emerging technical means to deal with sand/soil contaminated by organic *** high-temperature heat generated by smoldering can be used as a heat source for pyrolyzing waste ***,this study investigates numerically the pyrolysis of waste polyethylene driven by self-sustaining smoldering.A novel 4-step lumped kinetic model is proposed for simulating the pyrolysis of waste *** results indicate that the operating parameters can determine the pyrolysis product yields by regulating the pyrolysis temperature and the volatile residence *** that higher temperatures and longer residence times favor the generation of shorter-chain pyrolysis products because of the intensified volatiles’secondary *** can be concluded that a high interface-wall heat transfer coefficient(400 W m^(-2)K^(-1)),a low pE content(0.20),a high char concentration(2.4%),and a moderate air velocity(0.040 m s^(-1))are beneficial to oil *** some extent,this study may broaden the boundaries for the application of self-sustained smoldering-driven pyrolysis.

关键词： self-sustained smoldering waste polyethylene thermal decomposition oil production waste valorization

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Dispersal of the Zhujiang River(pearl River) derived sediment in the Holocene

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第8期33卷 1-9页

作者： gE Qian LIU J.p. XUE Zuo CHU Fengyou Key Laboratory of Submarine geosciences State Oceanic AdministrationSecond Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

High-resolution Chirp profiling and coring reveals an elongated （ca. 400 km） Holocene Zhujiang River （pearl River）-derived mud area （maximum thickness 〉 20 m） extending from the Zhujiang River Delta, southwest-ward off the guangdong coast, to the Leizhou peninsula. Two depo-centers, one proximal and one distal, are identified. On the continental shelf off the west guangdong province, the mud is deposited in water depth shallower than 50 m; while to the southeast of the Zhujiang River Estuary, the mud area can extend to the -120 m isobath. A combined analysis with the stratigraphic sequences of other muddy deposits in the West-ern pacific marginal seas （mainly Changjiang （Yangtze） and Huanghe （Yellow） Rivers derived） indicates that the initiation of the Zhujiang River muddy deposit can be further divided into two stages： Stage 1 is before the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand （ca. 7.0 cal. ka Bp）, the proximal mud was mostly deposited after 9.0 cal. ka Bp, when the sea-level rose slowly after the Meltwater pulse -1C; Stage 2, after the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand, clinoform developed on the continental shelf off the west guangdong province, extending ca. 400 km from the Zhujiang River Estuary. The proximal clinoform thins offshore, from ca. 10 m thickness around 5-10 m water depth to less than 1-2 m around 20-30 m water depth. In addition, we also find a de-veloped distal clinoform in the east of the Leizhou peninsula.

关键词： South China Sea Zhujiang River mud clinoform

Water-Extractable Carbon pools and Microbial Biomass Carbon in Sodic Water-Irrigated Soils Amended with gypsum and Organic Manures

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pedosphere 2013年第1期23卷 88-97页

作者： O.p.CHOUDHARY J.K.gILL BIJAY-SINgH Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University School of Earth and Environment University of Western Australia

Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), a small fraction of soil organic matter, has a rapid turnover rate and is a reservoir of labile nutrients. The water-extractable carbon pools provide a fairly good estimate of labile C present in soil and can be easily quantified. Changes in soil MBC and water-extractable organic carbon pools were studied in a 14-year long-term experiment in plots of rice-wheat rotation irrigated with canal water (CW), sodic water (SW, 10-12.5 mmol c L-1 residual sodium carbonate), and SW amended with gypsum with or without application of organic amendments including farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (gM), and wheat straw (WS). Irrigation with SW increased soil exchangeable sodium percentage by more than 13 times compared to irrigation with CW. Sodic water irrigation significantly decreased hot water-extractable organic carbon (HWOC) from 330 to 286 mg kg-1 soil and cold water-extractable organic carbon (CWOC) from 53 to 22 mg kg-1 soil in the top 0-7.5 cm soil layer. In the lower soil layer (7.5-15 cm), reduction in HWOC was not significant. Application of gypsum alone resulted in a decrease in HWOC in the SW plots, whereas an increase was recorded in the SW plots with application of both gypsum and organic amendments in both the soil layers. Nevertheless, application of gypsum and organic amendments increased the mean CWOC as compared with application of gypsum alone. CWOC was significantly correlated with MBC but did not truly reflect the changes in MBC in the treatments with gypsum and organic amendments applied. For the treatments without organic amendments, HWOC was negatively correlated with MBC (r = 0.57*) in the 0-7.5 cm soil layer, whereas for the treatments with organic amendments, both were positively correlated. Irrigation with SW significantly reduced the rice yield by 3 t ha-1 and the yield of rice and wheat by 5 t ha-1 as compared to irrigation with canal water. Application of amendments significantly increased rice and wheat yields.

关键词： cold water exchangeable sodium percentage hot water organic carbon yield

A polarizing situation： Taking an in-plane perspective for next-generation near-field studies

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第2期11卷 1-17页

作者： p. James Schuck Wel Bao Nicholas J. Borys Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1760 USA

By enabling the probing of light-matter interactions at the functionally relevant length scales of most materials, near-field optical imaging and spectroscopy accesses information that is unobtainable with other methods. The advent of apertureless techniques, which exploit the ultralocalized and enhanced near-fields created by sharp metallic tips or plasmonic nanoparticles, has resulted in rapid adoption of near-field approaches for studying novel materials and phenomena, with spatial resolution approaching sub-molecular levels. However, these approaches are generally limited by the dominant out-of-plane polarization response of apertureless tips, restricting the exploration and discovery of many material properties. This has led to recent design and fabrication breakthroughs in near-field tips engineered specifically for enhancing in-plane interactions with near-field light components. This mini-review provides a perspective on recent progress and emerging directions aimed at utilizing and controlling in-plane optical polarization, highlighting key application spaces where in-plane near-field tip responses have enabled recent advancements in the understanding and development of new nanostructured materials and devices.

关键词： near-field optical microscopy nano-optics TERS plasmonics optical antenna 2D materials

Microstructures and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline NiTi intermetallics formed by mechanosynthesis

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第1期25卷 80-87页

作者： S.Arunkumar p.Kumaravel C.Velmurugan V.Senthilkumar Vinayaka Mission's Kimpananda Variyar Engineering College Salem 636308TamilnaduIndia Institute of Road and Transport Technology Erode 638316TamilnaduIndia National Institute of Technology Trichy 620015TamilnaduIndia

The formulation of nanocrystallinc NiTi shape memory alloys has potential effects in mechanical stimulation and medical im- plantology. The present work elucidates the effect of milling time on the product＇s structural characteristics, chemical composition, and mi- crohardness for NiTi synthesized by mechanical alloying for different milling durations. Increasing the milling duration led to the formation of a nanocrystalline NiTi intermetallic at a higher level. The formation of nanocrystalline materials was directed through cold fusion, fractur- ing, and the development of a steady state, which were influenced by the accumulation of strain energy. In the morphological study, uninter- rupted cold diffusion and fracturing were visualized using transmission electron microscopy. particle size analysis revealed that the mean particle size was reduced to -93 μm after 20 h of milling. The mechanical strength was enhanced by the formation of a nanocrystalline in- termetallic phase at longer milling time, which was confirmed by the results of Vickers hardness analyses.

关键词： nickel-titanium shape memory alloy lattice strain nano-crystalline mechanical alloying microstructural characterization

Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and fuel performance of UN-UO_(2) and UN-X-UO_(2)(X=Mo,W)composite nuclear fuels by finite element modeling

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第4期10卷 937-946页

作者： Faris Sweidan Diogo Ribeiro Costa Huan Liu pär Olsson KTH Royal Institute of Technology Nuclear EngineeringStockholm10691Sweden Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB Västerås72163Sweden

The temperature-dependent effective thermal conductivity of UN-X-UO_(2)(X=Mo,W)nuclear fuel composite was *** the experimental design,the thermal conductivity was calculated using Finite Element Modeling(FEM),and compared with analytical models for 10%,30%,50%,and 70%(in mass)uncoated/coated UN microspheres in a UO_(2) *** FEM results show an increase in the fuel thermal conductivity as the mass fraction of the UN microspheres increases from 1.2 to 4.6 times the UO_(2) reference at 2,000 *** results from analytical models agree with the thermal conductivity estimated by *** results also show that Mo and W coatings have similar thermal behaviors,and the coating thickness influences the thermal conductivity of the *** higher weight fractions,the thermal conductivity of the fuel composite at room temperature is substantially influenced by the high thermal conductivity coatings approaching that of ***,the thermal conductivity from FEM was used in the fuel thermal performance evaluation during LWR normal operation to calculate the maximum centerline *** results show a significant decrease in the fuel maximum centerline temperature ranging from−94 K for 10% UN to−414 K for 70%(in mass)UN compared to UO_(2) under the same operating conditions.

关键词： Accident tolerant fuel UN-X-UO_(2) Composite nuclear fuel Thermal conductivity Finite element modeling Thermal performance

Alterations in genes other than EgFR/ALK/ROS1 in non-small cell lung cancer:trials and treatment options

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2016年第1期13卷 77-86页

作者： Arpita Desai Smitha p.Menon grace K.Dy Department of Medicine Roswell Park Cancer Institute Division of Hematology and Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin

During the last decade, we have seen tremendous progress in the therapy of lung cancer. Discovery of actionable mutations in EgFR and translocations in ALK and ROS1 have identified subsets of patients with excellent tumor response to oral targeted agents with manageable side effects. In this review, we highlight treatment options including corresponding clinical trials for oncogenic alterations affecting the receptor tyrosine kinases MET, FgFR, NTRK, RET, HER2, HER3, and HER4 as well as components of the RAS-RAF-MEK signaling pathway.

关键词： RAS RAF MEK receptor tyrosine kinases(RTK) fibroblast growth factor receptor(FgFR) non-small cell lung cance(NSCLC)

Novel design concepts for network intrusion systems based on dendritic cells processes

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Journal of Central South University 2013年第8期20卷 2175-2185页

作者： RICHARD M R 谭冠政 ONgALO p N F CHERUIYOT W School of Information Science and Engineering Central South University

An abstraction and an investigation to the worth of dendritic cells (DCs) ability to collect, process and present antigens are presented. Computationally, this ability is shown to provide a feature reduction mechanism that could be used to reduce the complexity of a search space, a mechanism for development of highly specialized detector sets as well as a selective mechanism used in directing subsets of detectors to be activated when certain danger signals are present. It is shown that DCs, primed by different danger signals, provide a basis for different anomaly detection pathways. Different antigen-peptides are developed based on different danger signals present, and these peptides are presented to different adaptive layer detectors that correspond to the given danger signal. Experiments are then undertaken that compare current approaches, where a full antigen structure and the whole repertoire of detectors are used, with the proposed approach. Experiment results indicate that such an approach is feasible and can help reduce the complexity of the problem by significant levels. It also improves the efficiency of the system, given that only a subset of detectors are involved during the detection process. Having several different sets of detectors increases the robustness of the resulting system. Detectors developed based on peptides are also highly discriminative, which reduces the false positives rates, making the approach feasible for a real time environment.

关键词： artificial immune systems network intrusion detection anomaly detection feature reduction negative selectionalgorithm danger model

Molecular markers in prostate cancer part Ⅱ： potential roles in management

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第1期11卷 22-27页

作者： Sachin Agrawal Krishnaji p. patil William D. Dunsmuir Department of Urology St Peters Hospital Chertsey KT16 OPZ UK

predicting treatment responses in advanced prostate cancer （pCa） currently centres on prostate-specific antigen （pSA） kinetics and on being able to visualize measurable changes in imaging modalities. New molecular markers have emerged as potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators; these were summarized in part I of this review in the Asian Journal ofAndrology. A number of molecular markers are now being used to enhance pCa imaging and staging. However, management options for advanced and hormone-resistant pCa （HRpC） are limited and additional therapeutic options are needed. Molecular markers have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets using gene therapy and immunomodulation. Additionally, markers identified in early pCa and precursor lesions may offer novel targets for chemoprevention and vaccine development. This review summarizes the current advances regarding the roles of these markers in the management of pCa.

关键词： genetics management molecular prostate cancer