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passive activity enhances residual control ability in patients with complete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2337-2347页

作者： Yanqing Xiao Mingming gao Zejia He Jia Zheng Hongming Bai Jia-Sheng rao guiyun Song Wei Song Xiaoguang Li Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Evaluation China Rehabilitation Research CenterBeijingChina Cardiac Center Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina The State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang UniversityBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Engineering China Rehabilitation Science InstituteBeijingChina

patients with complete spinal cord injury retain the potential for volitional muscle activity in muscles located below the spinal injury ***,because of prolonged inactivity,initial attempts to activate these muscles may not effectively engage any of the remaining neurons in the descending pathway.A previous study unexpectedly found that a brief clinical round of passive activity significantly increased volitional muscle activation,as measured by surface *** this study,we further explored the effect of passive activity on surface electromyographic signals during volitional control tasks among individuals with complete spinal cord *** patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury were *** electromyography data from eight major leg muscles were acquired and compared before and after the passive activity *** results indicated that the passive activity led to an increased number of activated volitional muscles and an increased frequency of *** the cumulative root mean square of surface electromyography amplitude for volitional control of movement showed a slight increase after passive activity,the difference was not statistically *** findings suggest that brief passive activity may enhance the ability to initiate volitional muscle activity during surface electromyography tasks and underscore the potential of passive activity for improving residual motor control among patients with motor complete spinal cord injury.

关键词： complete spinal cord injury cycle training epidural electrical stimulation motor training passive activity physiological state spinal cord circuit surface electromyography volitional control task

Evaluation of Brazilian wild Hevea germplasm for cold tolerance：genetic variability in the early mature growth

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第4期27卷 755-765页

作者： g.prabhakara rao p.C.Kole Rubber Research Institute of India KottayamKerala 686009India Institute of Agriculture Visva-Bharati UniversitySantiniketanWest Bengal 7211235India

Hevea brasiliensis is a commercially cultivated species for its natural rubber（NR） latex in South East Asian countries. To meet the ever-increasing demand, NR cultivation has been extended to non-traditional regions due to the limited scope of further expansion in traditional rubbergrowing areas in India. These areas are often confronted with various abiotic stresses, especially high and low temperatures, which cause reduction in plant growth, thereby increasing its uneconomical immaturity period. Eighteen wild Hevea accessions along with two modern clones RRII203 and pB 235 and two check clones RRIM 600 and Haiken 1 were evaluated in the early mature growth *** site was at Nagrakata, West Bengal, the sub-Himalayan cold-prone region of India. In Hevea, crop production is governed by two major factors, growth-vigor and production capacity. growth-vigor is of special importance because the production of rubber is a process linked with the early growth of the plant, which results in early tappability and early economic gains. The genotypes exhibited highly significant clonal differences（p = 0.05） for all the growth traits. Tappability percentage in the seventh year, ranged from 0.33 %（AC 3074, AC 3075, AC 3293） to 89.67 %（RO 2727）. The most vigorously growing accession（RO2727） reached tappabile girth early in the seventh year when the girth of plant ranged from 22.38 cm（AC 3293） to53.12 cm（RO 2727）. The general mean was 43.32 cm, and the similar growth trend was exhibited by these accessions in the tenth year also. Annual girth increment（cm a-1） over3 years ranged from 1.81 cm（AC 3075） to 6.80 cm（RO2727）. The mean winter girth increment（cm a-1） over4 years ranged from 0.13 cm（AC 3075） to 0.96 cm（RO2727） as compared to the check clone RRIM 600（1.11 cm）and Haiken 1（1.10 cm）. Wide differences between the phenotypic coefficient of variation（50.29） and genotypic coefficient of variation（24.82） were observed for winter girth increment. girth in the tenth year recorded

关键词： Hevea germplasm mature cultivated phenotypic ranged abiotic rubber accession breeding

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever:pathogenesis,transmission and public health challenges

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 63-72页

作者： Sita Kumari Karanam Kandra Nagvishnu praveen Kumar Uppala Sandhya Edhi Srinivasa rao Varri Department of pharmaceutical Biotechnology Maharajah’s College of PharmacyVizianagaram 535002Andhra PradeshIndia Department of pharmacology Santhiram Medical College and General HospitalNandyal 518501Andhra PradeshIndia Department of pharmacology Santhiram Medical College and General HospitalNandyal 518501Andhra PradeshIndia Department of Pharmaceutical AnalysisMaharajah's College of PharmacyVizianagaram 535002Andhra PradeshIndia

The dangerous Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV),an encapsulated negative-sense RNA virus of the family Nairoviridae,is transmitted from person to person via *** a case fatality rate between 10%to 40%,the most common ways that the disease may spread to humans are via tick bites or coming into touch with infected animals'blood or ***,the transfer of bodily fluids between individuals is another potential route of *** is a wide range of symptoms experienced by patients throughout each stage,from myalgia and fever to extreme bruising and excess *** management measures include minimising the spread of ticks from one species to another and from people to animals via the use of protective clothing,repellents,and proper animal *** order to prevent the spread of illness,healthcare workers must adhere to stringent *** the lack of an authorised vaccine,the main components of treatment now consist of preventative measures and supportive care,which may include the antiviral medicine *** still don't know very much about the virus's mechanisms,even though advances in molecular virology and animal models have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of CCHFV.A critical need for vaccination that is both safe and effective,as well as for quick diagnosis and efficient treatments to lessen the disease's impact in areas where it is most *** steps towards lowering Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever mortality and morbidity rates were to anticipatethe future availability of immunoglobulin products.

关键词： Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever Tick-borne illness Immunoglobulins Viral hemorrhagic fever Antiviral therapy

Optimal Su-Do-Ku based interconnection scheme for increased power output from pV array under partial shading conditions

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第2期9卷 199-210页

作者： p. SRINIVASA rao p. DINESH g. SARAVANA ILANgO C. NAgAMANI Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Instituteof Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India

partial shading is a common phenomenon in pV arrays. They drastically reduce the power output because of mismatch losses, which are reliant on the shape of the shade as well as the locations of shaded panels in the array. The power output can be improved by distributing the shade over various rows to maximize the current entering the node. A Su-Do-Ku configuration can be used to rearrange the physical locations of the pV modules in a total cross tied pV array with the electrical connections left unchanged. However, this arrangement increases the length of the wire required to interconnect the panels thus increasing the line losses. In this paper, an improved Su-Do-Ku arrangement that reduces the length of the wire required for the connection is proposed. The system is designed and simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment for various shading patterns and the efficacies of various arrangements are compared. The results prove that the power output is higher in the proposed improved Su-Do- Ku reconfiguration technique compared to the earlier proposed Su-Do-Ku technique.

关键词： array configuration mismatch losses partialshading line losses Su-Do-Ku arrangement

Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 779-793页

作者： guangyong Zhang Qing Yao Chubing Long pengcheng Yi Jiali Song Luojia Wu Wei Wan Xiuqin rao Yue Lin gen Wei Jun Ying Fuzhou Hua Department of Anesthesiology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi province NanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina

Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. Depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier macrophages monocytes multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation review therapy

An ecofriendly approach for corrosion control of 6061 Al-15%(v)SiC(p)composite and its base alloy

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第3期25卷 363-372页

作者： Charitha B.p. padmalatha rao Department of chemistry Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipalUdupiKamatakaIndia

Corrosion inhibition characteristics of bio polymer dextran was studied for the corrosion control of 6061 Al-15%_((v)) SiC_((p)) composite and its base alloy in 1 mol·L^(-1) HCl. Standard electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization(pDp) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) method were adopted for corrosion rate measurement. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and elemental mapping was done by energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) analysis. Suitable mechanism was proposed for corrosion and inhibition process. Results indicated that dextran acts as an excellent anticorrosive agent for the corrosion control of 6061 Al-15%_((v)) SiC_((p)) composite, with maximum inhibition efficiency of 91% for the concentration of 0.4 g·L^(-1) at 303 K. Dextran acted as a mixed type of inhibitor, and got physically adsorbed both on composite and base alloy by obeying Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Dextran is proved to be a green inhibitor with environmental and economic benefits.

关键词： 6061 Al-15%(v) SiC(p) composite green inhibitor Biopolymer Electrochemical studies SEM–EDX

Implications for the lithospheric structure of Cambay rift zone,western India:Inferences from a magnetotelluric study

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geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1743-1754页

作者： Nagarjuna Danda C.K.rao Amit Kumar p.Rama rao p.B.V.Subba rao Dr.K.S.Krishnan geomagnetic Research Laboratory IIGAllahabad221505India Indian Institute of geomagnetism New PanvelNavi Mumbai410218India Department of geophysics Andhra UniversityVisakhapatnam530003India

Broad-band and long-period magnetotelluric(MT)data were acquired along an east-west trending traverse of nearly 200 km across the Kachchh,Cambay rift basins,and Aravalli-Delhi fold belt(ADFB),western *** regional strike analysis of MT data indicated an approximate N59°E geoelectric strike direction under the traverse and it is in fair agreement with the predominant geological strike in the study *** decomposed transverse electric(TE)-and transverse magnetic(TM)-data modes were inverted using a nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm to image the electrical lithospheric structure across the Cambay rift basin and its surrounding *** studies show a thick(~1-5 km)layer of conductive Tertiary-Mesozoic sediments beneath the Kachchh and Cambay rift *** resistive blocks indicate presence of basic/ultrabasic volcanic intrusives,depleted mantle lithosphere,and different precambrian structural *** crustal conductor delineated within the ADFB indicates the presence of fluids within the fault zones,sulfide mineralization within polyphase metamorphic rocks,and/or Aravalli-Delhi sediments/*** observed conductive anomalies beneath the Cambay rift basin indicate the presence of basaltic underplating,volatile(CO2,H2 O)enriched melts and channelization of melt fractions/fluids into crustal depths that occurred due to plume-lithosphere *** variations in electrical resistivity observed across the profile indicate that the impact of Reunion plume on lithospheric structures of the Cambay rift basin is more dominant at western continental margin of India(WCMI)and thus support the hypothesis proposed by Campbell&griffiths about the plume-lithosphere interactions.

关键词： Cambay rift Deccan basalts Magnetotellurics partial melt Reunion plume

Multimodal Biometric Score Fusion Using gaussian Mixture Model and Monte Carlo Method

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2010年第4期25卷 771-782页

作者： R Raghavendra rao Ashok g Hemantha Kumar Department of Studies in Computer Science University of Mysore Department of E&C Channabasaveshwara Institute of Technology

Multimodal biometric fusion is gaining more attention among researchers in recent days. As multimodal biometric system consolidates the information from multiple biometric sources, the effective fusion of information obtained at score level is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a framework for optimal fusion of match scores based on gaussian Mixture Mode] （gMM） and Monte Carlo sampling based hypothesis testing. The proposed fusion approach has the ability to handle： 1） small size of match scores as is more commonly encountered in biometric fusion, and 2） arbitrary distribution of match scores which is more pronounced when discrete scores and multimodal features are present. The proposed fusion scheme is compared with well established schemes such as Likelihood Ratio （LR） method and weighted SUM rule. Extensive experiments carried out on five different multimodal biometric databases indicate that the proposed fusion scheme achieves higher performance as compared with other contemporary state of art fusion techniques.

关键词： multimodal biometric system match score level fusion gaussian mixture model Monte Carlo method.

Influence of Rotational Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical properties of Dissimilar Metal AISI 304-AISI 4140 Continuous Drive Friction Welds

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第10期19卷 64-73页

作者： g Subhash Chander g Madhusudhan Reddy A Venugopal rao Swarna Bharathi Institute of Science and Technology Khammam 507002APIndia Defense Metallurgical Research Laboratory Kanchanbagh 500058APIndia

Fundamental investigation of continuous drive friction welding of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and low alloy steel (AISI 4140) is described. The emphasis is made on the influence of rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, notch tensile strength and impact toughness of the dissimilar joints. Hardness profiles across the weld show the interface is harder than the respective parent metals. In general, maximum peak hardness is observed on the stainless steel side, while other peak hardness is on the low alloy steel side. A trough in hardness distribution in between the peaks is located on the low alloy steel side. peak hardness on the stainless steel and low alloy steel side close to the interface increases with a decrease in rotational speed. All transverse tensile joints fractured on stainless steel side near the interface. Notch tensile strength and impact toughness increase with increase in rotational speed up to 1 500 r/min and decrease thereafter. The mechanism of influence of rotational speed for the observed trends is discussed in the torque, displacement characteristics, heat generation, microstructure, fractography and mechanical properties.

关键词： friction welding dissimilar metal joint austenitic stainless steel low alloy steel microstructure impact toughness tensile strength