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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4844-4849页

作者： Chang liu zongnan Wei Minna cao Rong cao State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108China

The development of effective and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in acidic electrolytes is a significant *** this work,homogeneous pt nanodendrites(pt NDs)with a ptIr shell were successfully synthesized by a two-step wet chemical *** open three-dimensional(3D)dendritic structure exhibited exceptional electrocatalytic characteristics,exposing as many active sites as ***,by alloying Ir with pt on the surface,catalytic activity was greatly enhanced while ensuring extremely high *** surface-enriched platinum nanodendritic catalysts(pt@ptIr NDs)outperformed the control samples and the commercial *** acidic HER test,pt@ptIr NDs had a lower overpotential(22 mV)than pt NDs(26 mV)and commercial pt/C(31 mV)at 10 mA/cm^(2),and the activity of pt@ptIr NDs remained consistent even after undergoing a continuous durability test for at least 168 h,which was much superior to the performance of commercial pt/C(10 h)under identical test *** study revealed that the application of 3D pt dendritic metal alloys may offer a chance for the development of enhanced electrocatalysts in acidic HER.

关键词： pt nanodendrites iridium high stability hydrogen evolution reaction alloy

Key-part Attention Retrieval for Robotic Object Recognition

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 644-655页

作者： Jierui liu zhiqiang cao Yingbo Tang State KeyLaboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The ability to recognize novel objects with a few visual samples is critical in the robotic *** methods mainly concern the recognition of inter-category objects,however,the object recognition fromdifferent sub-classes within the same category remains challenging due to their similar *** thispaper,we propose a key-part attention retrieval solution to distinguish novel objects of different sub-classesaccording to a few samples without ***,an object encoder,including convolutional neuralnetwork with attention and key-part aggregation,is designed to generate object attention map and extract theobject-level embedding,where object attention map from the middle stage of the backbone is used to guide thekey-part ***,to overcome the non-differentiability drawback of key-part attention,the objectencoder is trained in a two-step scheme,and a more stable object-level embedding is *** this basis,the potential objects are located from a scene image by mining connected domains of the attention *** the embedding of each potential object and embeddings from support data,the recognition of thepotential objects is *** effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.

关键词： key-part attention retrieval robotic object recognition

peeling of Magneto-responsive Beams with Large Deformation Mediated by the parallel Magnetic Field

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第3期37卷 457-467页

作者： Gongqi cao zhangna Xue Shiyang liu Yuchen Jin Jianlin liu College of pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China

Elasto-capillarity phenomena are prevalent in various industrial fields such as mechanical engineering,material science,aerospace,soft robotics,and *** this study,two typical peeling processes of slender beams driven by the parallel magnetic field are investigated based on experimental and theoretical *** first is the adhesion of two parallel beams,and the second is the self-folding of a long *** these two cases,the energy variation method on the elastica is used,and then,the governing equations and transversality boundary conditions are *** is shown that the analytical solutions are in excellent agreement with the experimental *** effects of magnetic induction intensity,distance,and surface tension on the deflection curve and peeling length of the elastica are fully *** results are instrumental in accurately regulating elasto-capillarity in structures and provide insights for the engineering design of programmable microstructures on surfaces,microsensors,and bionic robots.

关键词： Magneto-responsive beam Adhesion and peeling Self-folding Elastica Transversality condition

Identification of rural courtyards’utilization status using deep learning and machine learning methods on unmanned aerial vehicle images in north China

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Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 799-818页

作者： Maojun Wang Wenyu Xu Guangzhong cao Tao liu College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The issue of unoccupied or abandoned homesteads(courtyards)in China emerges given the increasing aging population,rapid urbanization and massive rural-urban *** the aspect of rural vitalization,land-use planning,and policy making,determining the number of unoccupied courtyards is *** and questionnaire-based surveys were currently the main approaches,but these traditional methods were often expensive and laborious.A new workflow is explored using deep learning and machine learning algorithms on unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)***,features of the built environment were extracted using deep learning to evaluate the courtyard management,including extracting complete or collapsed farmhouses by Alexnet,detecting solar water heaters by YOLOv5s,calculating green looking ratio(GLR)by *** precisions exceeded 98%.Then,seven machine learning algorithms(Adaboost,binomial logistic regression,neural network,random forest,support vector machine,decision trees,and XGBoost algorithms)were applied to identify the rural courtyards’utilization *** Adaboost algorithm showed the best performance with the comprehensive consideration of most metrics(Accuracy:0.933,precision:0.932,Recall:0.984,F1-score:0.957).Results showed that identifying the courtyards’utilization statuses based on the courtyard built environment is *** is transferable and cost-effective for large-scale village surveys,and may contribute to the intensive and sustainable approach to rural land use.

关键词： unoccupied homesteads courtyard built environment inner courtyard management GLR solar water heaters machine learning algorithms

Simple substituents make big differences in photophysical performances of 2,1,3-benzothiadizole-conjugated spiropyrans

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第8期72卷 53-59页

作者： Xiaoming zhu Yunting liu Mingyue cao Guangle Niu State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Developing multifunctional spiropyran dyes is of particular importance in diverse *** the present study,we synthesized two 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-conjugated spiropyrans(BT-Sp-NO2and BTSp-NMe2)with distinct *** donor-acceptor-structured spiropyrans exhibited typical twisted intramolecular charge transfer features and strong emissions in low-polarity solvents with fluorescence quantum yields(QYs)of up to 90.7%.Like traditional spiropyrans,the electron-acceptor-substituted BT-Sp-NO2exhibited excellent photochromic behavior under multiple alternating UV—Vis irradiation,while the electron-donor-substituted BT-Sp-NMe2was an acidochromic *** addition,the substituent groups distinctly affected the packing modes of these spiropyrans in the solid ***-NMe2showed a much stronger solid-state emission(QY of 59.0%)than ***,these two dyes were utilized as biocompatible probes for the specific light-up imaging of lipid droplets.

关键词： Spiropyran 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole photochromism Fluorescent dye Fluorescence imaging

Modeling and analysis for material removal and surface roughness in fluid jet polishing of optical glass

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1548-1563页

作者： zhongchen cao Ming WANG Haitao liu Tian HUANG Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Engineering The University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

luid jet polishing(FJp)is a non-contact polishing technology that can fabricate free-form optical surfaces with sub-micron-level form accuracy and nano-level surface roughness,especially for hard and brittle *** surface generation model of FJp can be used to guide the determination and optimization of process parameters and is of great significance for understanding the evolution mechanism of surface ***,predictive models for the microscopic topography of polished surfaces are still *** study established a macroscopic surface profile model for predicting 3D material removal characteristics and surface texture by combining the 3D computer fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation model and single-particle erosion mechanism.A fractal theory-based erosion model has been built to calculate the material removal caused by the erosion of a single abrasive particle on the rough surface;thus,it predicts the micro-topography and surface roughness of the polished samples.A series of polishing experiments were conducted to analyze the feasibility and accuracy of the model quantitatively and study the influence mechanism of process parameters on the material removal characteristics and surface *** indicated that the models could well predict material removal and surface *** prediction accuracy of the surface roughness Ra and maximum removal depth is better than 91.6%and 90%,*** is also found that the material removal rate of FJp could reach 0.517 mm3/min,and the surface roughness convergence rate could reach 62.9%.

关键词： fluid jet polishing(FJp) computational fluid dynamics(CFD) material removal mechanism surface roughness theoretical model

Multifunctional WSe_(2)/Co_(3)C composite for efficient electromagnetic absorption, EMI shielding, and energy conversion

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1655-1665页

作者： Yuhang zhu Tingting liu Lin Li Maosheng cao School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory for photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics&Electron EngineeringHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China

Currently,as the electromagnetic(EM)environment becomes increasingly complex,single-function EM materials can hardly resist the increasing electromagnetic interference(EMI),and there is an urgent need to develop multifunctional EM *** this work,multifunctional WSe_(2)/Co_(3)C was prepared by simple hydrothermal *** dielectric performance and EM response were *** absorption,shielding performance,and energy conversion devices were *** tailoring the loading content,WSe_(2)/Co_(3)C can switch between EM absorption and EMI *** maximum shielding effectiveness(SE)of WSe_(2)/Co_(3)C reached 36 dB,and high reflection loss(RL)of-60.28 dB and wide effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.16 GHz can be obtained at low *** multiple EM attenuation mechanisms brought by the combination of two-dimensional(2D)WSe_(2) and magnetic Co_(3)C are considered to be the main reason for the enhanced EM attenuation *** WSe_(2)/Co_(3)C composite provides a viable candidate for developing multifunctional EM materials in 2–18 GHz.

关键词： WSe_(2) Co_(3)C electromagnetic property microwave absorption electromagnetic interference shielding energy conversion

Satellite anomaly detection based on reconstruction discrepancy theory utilizing a new dual-branch reconstruction model

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3294-3307页

作者： zHAO HaoTian QIU Shi liu Ming cao XiBin Research Center of Satellite Technology School of AstronauticsHarbin Institute of Technology

To enhance the accuracy of deep learning methods based on reconstruction discrepancy in satellite anomaly detection tasks, this study proposes a dual-branch reconstruction model(DBRM) and designs a comprehensive satellite anomaly detection framework around this model. Firstly, we introduce the temporal-channel mixer(TC-Mixer) module, which mainly comprises a self-attention layer for capturing long-range temporal dependencies in telemetry data, and two types of feed-forward networks(FFN) for extracting complex patterns in the temporal and channel dimension of telemetry data. This design endows the TC-Mixer module with robust capabilities for extracting complicated dependencies in telemetry data. Secondly, with the TC-Mixer module as the main component, we designed the DBRM. This model utilizes a shared latent representation layer, allowing the regeneration branch and forecasting branch of the DBRM to share most of the feature extraction network architecture. This approach significantly enhances the model's regression accuracy while reducing computational complexity. Thirdly, using the DBRM as the core network model, we devised a comprehensive satellite anomaly detection framework. This includes an anomaly criterion that considers the reconstruction discrepancy of both the regeneration and forecasting branches, the peak-over-threshold(pOT) method for anomaly thresholding, and the MIC-based feature engineering method, etc. Finally, we conducted comparative experiments with several SOTA anomaly detection algorithms on two public and one private satellite anomaly detection datasets. The experimental results validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method.

关键词： anomaly detection reconstruction discrepancy dual-branch reconstruction model (DBRM) satellite telemetry data time series

Fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation of micro-disturbance grouting treatment for excessive deformation of shield tunnel

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Underground Space 2024年第6期19卷 87-100页

作者： Yanjie zhang zheng cao Chun liu Hongwei Huang College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Micro-disturbance grouting is a recovery technique to reduce the excessive deformation of operational shield tunnels in urban *** grout mass behaves as a fluid in the ground before hardening to form a grout–soil mixture,which highlights the necessity of using fluid–solid coupling method in the simulation of grouting *** a discrete element modeling environment,this paper proposes a novel fluid-solid coupling method based on the pore density flow *** demonstrate the effectiveness of this method,it is applied to numerical simulation of micro-disturbance grouting process for treatment of large transverse deformation of a shield tunnel in Shanghai Metro,*** simulation results reveal the mechanism of recovering tunnel convergence by micro-disturbance grouting in terms of compaction and fracture of soil,energy analysis during grouting,and mechanical response of soil-tunnel interaction ***,the influence of the three main grouting parameters(i.e.,grouting pressure,grouting distance,and grouting height)on tunnel deformation recovery efficiency is evaluated through parametric *** order to efficiently recover large transverse deformation of shield tunnel in Shanghai Metro,it is suggested that the grouting pressure should be about 0.55 Mpa,the grouting height should be in the range of 6.2–7.0 m,and the grouting distance should be in the range of 3.0–3.6 *** results provide a valuable reference for grouting treatment projects of over-deformed shield tunnel in soft soil areas.

关键词： Fluid-solid coupling Discrete element method pore density flow Micro-disturbance grouting Soil-tunnel interaction

Adaptive 5G-and-beyond network-enabled interpretable federated learning enhanced by neuroevolution

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 107-132页

作者： Bin cao Jianwei zHAO Xin liu Yun LI State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment Hebei University of Technology School of Artificial Intelligence Hebei University of Technology School of Economics and Management Hebei University of Technology Industrial Artificial Intelligence Centre Shenzhen Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Mobile telemedicine systems based on the next-generation communication will significantly enhance deep fusion of network automation and federated learning(FL), but data privacy is a paramount issue in sectors like healthcare. This work hence considers FL augments 5G-and-beyond networks by training deep learning(DL) models without the need to exchange raw data. The substantial communication loads imposed on by extensive parameters involved in DL models are managed through adaptive scheduling mechanisms effectively. To address the opaque nature of DL models and to improve the interpretability of FL models, we introduce a convolutional fuzzy rough neural network specifically designed for medical image processing. We also develop a multiobjective memetic evolutionary algorithm to streamline and optimize the neural network architectures. Our comprehensive FL framework integrates smart scheduling, interpretable fuzzy rough logic,and neuroevolution. This framework is shown to improve communication efficiency, increase interpretability of diagnosis with protected privacy, and generate low-complexity neural architectures.

关键词： 5G-and-beyond network interpretable federated learning mobile telemedicine system fuzzy rough set theory neuroevolution