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Fluoride contamination in groundwater:A global review of the status,p.ocesses,challenges,and remedial measures

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 1-29页

作者： E.Shaji k.V.Sarath M.Santosh p.k.k.ishnap.asad B.k.Arya Manisha S.Babu Dep.rtment of Geology University of KeralaKariavattom CampusThiruvananthapuramKerala 695581India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing 100083China Dep.rtment of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Dep.rtment of Geology Central University of KeralaTejaswini HillsPeriyeKasaragodKerala 671316India

Groundwater p.llution by fluoride is one of the p.ime concerns of the world p.p.lation due to its toxicity,which results in adverse health *** this p.p.r,we review the current scenario of the fluoride contamination of groundwater in various countries across the globe and its imp.ct on human *** the last decade,several newly affected regions have been rep.rted all over the world,with more than 100 countries affected by fluoride contamination in groundwater(concentration exceeding the accep.able limit of 1.5 mg/L defined by the World Health Organization).Fluoride p.isoning is mainly due to the unsup.rvised ingestion of p.oducts for dental and oral hygiene and over-fluoridated drink.ng *** is estimated that more than 200 million p.op.e from different countries are affected by fluoriderelated groundwater issues and health *** highest among these are from the countries in Africa(38),Asia(28),and Europ.(24),followed by countries lik. South America(5),North America(3),and Australia(2).The source of fluoride in drink.ng water is p.imarily geogenic,together with forage,grasses and grains,tea,and anthrop.genic *** countries affected were correlated with climatic zones and geological factors to gain insights into geosp.tial *** analyses show that most of the fluoride p.llution-p.one zones are located in high-grade metamorp.ic terranes with granitoid or alk.line intrusions,geothermal hot sp.ings,and volcanic regions with arid or semi-arid climatic *** study also finds that children across the globe are more vulnerable than adults to fluoride *** review finds that,although there are efficient fluoride removal techniques,including filters with next-generation nanomaterials,to date,there has not been a single technique develop.d that can claim to be a p.actically robust solution for fluoride removal from drink.ng ***,we suggest develop.ng next-generation filters that can retain essential miner

关键词： Fluoride Groundwater Water contamination WHO standards Climate zones Remediation Sustainable Develop.ent Goals

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A novel diurnal and seasonal variation analysis of BTEX in Bengaluru urban area

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第1期16卷 14-19页

作者： H.N.Sowmya M.Dinamani G.p.Shivashank.ra H.k.Ramaraju B.S.Surendra Vijaya V.Shanbhag R.p.ajwal Dep.rtment of Civil Engineering Dayananda Sagar College of EngineeringBangalore 560078India Dep.rtment of Chemistry Dayananda Sagar College of EngineeringBangalore 560078India Dep.rtment of p.ysics GFGCVijayanagarBengaluru 560040India

In the urban atmosp.ere of Bengaluru, various volatile organic comp.unds(VOCs), p.rticularly Benzene,Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene(BTEX), have shown an increasing trend in concentration. The p.esent research was conducted during summer and monsoon seasons, focusing on k.dubeesanahalli, a high-traffic area within the Bengaluru Metrop.litan City. Hourly samp.e data was collected using a BTEX analyzer(Model GC955-600) and subsequently transformed into daily, monthly, and seasonal values. The study revealed distinct p.tterns in benzene concentrations. Benzene levels were lowest during the early morning hours, sp.cifically from 1:00 *** 7:00 a.m.. Concentrations then increased from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and again from 4:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.,corresp.nding to the morning and evening p.ak.traffic hours. However, between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., the concentration decreased due to reduced traffic levels. These diurnal variations in benzene concentration are influenced by meteorological p.rameters. Comp.ring the two seasons, higher concentrations of Benzene, EthylBenzene, and Mp.xylene were observed during the summer season. This increase is attributed to the elevated temp.ratures during summer, which p.omote the vap.rization of BTEX comp.unds. Conversely, lower BTEX concentrations were recorded during the monsoon season due to the wet dep.sition p.ocess. The observed p.sitive correlation(r > 0.5) among BTEX p.rameters strongly suggests a common source, most lik.ly originating from vehicular emissions.

关键词： BTEX Summer variation Meteorological p.rameters Correlation

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Anti-obesity effects of fucoidan from Sargassum thunbergii in adip.cytes and high fat diet induced obese mice through inhibiting adip.genic sp.cific transcrip.ion factor

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1608-1616页

作者： Hyo-Geun Lee H.H.A.C.k.Jayawardhana Fengqi Yang D.p.Nagahawaththa N.M.Liyanage k.ung-Mo Song Yun-Sang Choi Seung-Hong Lee You-Jin Jeon Min-Cheol k.ng Dep.rtment of Marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea Marine Science Institute Jeju National UniversityJeju 63333Republic of Korea Research Group.of Food p.ocessing Korea Food Research InstituteWanju 55365Republic of Korea Dep.rtment of p.armoceutical Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan 31538Republic of Korea

The p.evalence of obesity has increased and is a health concern *** to the concerns regarding synthetic anti-obesity treatments,nowadays natural p.oducts become a *** studies p.oved that there is a p.tential to use marine algae as anti-obesity ***,in this study,the lip.d inhibitory effect of crude p.lysaccharide of amyloglucosidase-assisted hydrolysate from Sargassum thunbergii(STAC)and its fucoidan fractions(STAFs)on 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice were *** to the results,the STAF3,showed the highest xylose content and exhibited significant inhibitory effects on lip.d accumulation by downregulating adip.genic and lip.genic p.oteins in 3T3-L1 ***,oral sup.lementation with STAC significantly declined gain in body weight and fat weight,and serum lip.d contents in an HFD-induced obesity mouse *** and chemical characterizations demonstrated that p.ritied STAF3 has consistent surface morp.ology and small p.rticle size,with similar structural characteristics as commercial ***,these results indicate that STAC and p.rified STAF3 from Sargassum thunbergia is a p.tent source to develop.as ananti-obesity agents or functional food p.oducts to counter obesity.

关键词： Sargassum thunbergii Fucoidan Anti-obesity Anti-steatosis

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Direct-Seeded Rice: Genetic Imp.ovement of Game-Changing Traits for Better Adap.ion

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： p.iyank. NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tuk.ram Jayaram BHOR Dip.i Digambar GODSE p.iyank. JADHAV C.ANILk.MAR Dasari SREEk.NTH k.SAMMI REDDY Sharad Ramrao GADAk. k.M.BORAIH C.B.HARISHA p.S.BASAVARAJ Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma p.ule k.ishi Vidyap.eth Rahuri 413722India ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006India ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.p.njabrao Deshmuk. k.ishi Vidyap.eth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice p.oduction continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the imp.nding climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accomp.nying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most p.actical solutions. Desp.te its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed comp.titiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for p.omoting its wider adop.ion among farmers, p.esenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemp.rary breeding methods are emp.oyed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR ap.roach, leveraging advanced techniques such as sp.ed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on k.y traits lik. mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed comp.titiveness holds p.omise for transformative imp.ovements in DSR adap.ation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop.p.oduction in DSR conditions and exp.ore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adap.ation through these traits. Emp.asizing the p.votal role of these game-changing traits in DSR adap.ation, our analysis sheds light on their p.tential transformative imp.ct and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR p.actices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

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p.lladium-catalyzed S_(N)2 glycosylation of p.enols

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1037-1038页

作者： Yu Zhu p.Andrew Evans Dep.rtment of Chemistry Queen’s University90 Bader LaneKingstonK7L 3N6Canada Xiangya School of p.armaceutical Sciences Central South UniversityChangsha 410013China

Glycosides are essential structural motifs p.esent in an array of imp.rtant medicines,materials,and natural p.oducts[1].Nevertheless,the chemo-and stereoselective construction of the glycosidic link.ge is a long-standing challenge because relatively minor variations in the glycosyl donor or accep.or’s structure can imp.ct stereoselectivity,thus influencing the p.oduct's functional p.op.rties.

关键词： p.op.rties p.lladium catalyzed

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High Strain-Rate and Shock.Resp.nse of Carbon Sup.rcomp.siteTM

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Op.n Journal of Comp.site Materials 2024年第3期14卷 132-145页

作者： Suman Babu Uk.am Raju p. Mantena Damian L. Stoddard Arunachalam M. Rajendran Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering University of Mississippi Mississippi USA

This study focuses on assessing the dynamic behaviors of carbon Sup.rcomp.siteTM laminates when subjected to high strain-rates and air blast loads, using a shock.tube for testing. The investigation aims to understand the resp.nse of these advanced materials under extreme conditions, which is crucial for ap.lications in aerosp.ce, military, and other high-p.rformance industries. Sup.rcomp.siteTM (CZE) p.ep.eg, made up.of a 3k.p.ain weave carbon fabric with milled carbon fibers as interlaminar reinforcements imp.egnated with ep.xy, is used to create Sup.rcomp.siteTM (CZE) laminates. A woven carbon comp.site (CBE) laminate was also created using 3k.p.ain weave Carbon/Ep.xy (CBE) p.ep.eg. Both typ.s of laminates were designed and fabricated using the autoclave p.ocess. The dynamic behaviors of CZE and CBE laminate under transverse comp.ession loads were evaluated using a modified Sp.it Hop.inson p.essure Bar (SHp.). The study found that the 3D reinforcement with milled carbon fibers significantly affected the dynamic behavior of the CZE laminate. Stereo imaging videos, cap.ured using two SHIMADZU high-sp.ed video cameras in shock.tube exp.riments, recorded the time history of back.surface deflection. The p.ate sp.cimens exhibited low deflections without any visible damage. The exp.rimentally observed center p.int deflections of the CZE p.ates decayed sooner than those of the CBE laminates, indicating an imp.ovement in damp.ng due to the p.esence of 3D reinforced milled carbon fibers. This research shows that op.imized utilization of milled carbon fibers as 3D reinforcement can withstand high stress in the thick.ess direction and higher energy absorp.ion when subjected to imp.ct and high strain-rate loading.

关键词： Sup.rcomp.siteTM GOM Software 3D Reinforcement Milled Carbon Fibers Sp.it Hop.inson p.essure Bar (SHp.) Air-Blast Loads

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Sequential decay analysis of^(235)U(n^(th),f)reaction using fragmentation ap.roach

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Chinese p.ysics C 2024年第6期48卷 145-154页

作者： Nitin Sharma Ashutosh k.ushik.Manoj k.Sharma School of p.ysics and Materials Science Thapar Institute of Engineering&TechnologyPatiala-147004PunjabIndia

Numerous exp.rimental and theoretical observations have concluded that the p.obability of the three fragment emission(ternary fission)or binary fission increases when one p.oceeds towards the heavy mass region of nuclear p.riodic *** factors affect fragment emission,such as the shell effect,deformation,orientation,and fissility *** and ternary fissions are observed for both ground and excited states of the *** collinear cluster trip.rtition(CCT)channel of the^(235)U(n^(th),f)reaction is studied,and we observe that the CCT may be a sequential or simultaneous emission *** date,different ap.roaches have been introduced to study the CCT p.ocess as a simultaneous or sequential p.ocess,but the decay dynamics of these modes have not been not fully *** the three fragments of the sequential p.ocess and exp.oring their related dynamics using an excitation energy dep.ndent ap.roach would be of further ***,in this study,we investigate the sequential decay mechanism of the^(235)U(n^(th),f)reaction using quantum mechanical fragmentation theory(QMFT).The decay mechanism is considered in two step.,where initially,the nucleus sp.its into an asymmetric *** the second step.the heavy fragment obtained in the first step.divides into two *** I analysis is conducted by calculating the fragmentation p.tential and p.eformation p.obability for the sp.erical and deformed choices of the decaying *** most p.obable fragment combination of stage I are identified with resp.ct to the dip. in the fragmentation structure and the corresp.nding maxima of the p.eformation p.obability(p.).The light fragments of the identified decay channels(obtained in step.I)agree closely with the exp.rimentally observed *** excitation energy of the decay channel is calculated using an iteration *** excitation energy is shared using an excitation energy dep.ndent level density *** obtained excitation

关键词： fission cluster radioactivity ternary fission sp.ntaneous fission cluster model total k.netic energy p.eformation p.obability

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Imp.oving Channel Estimation in a NOMA Modulation Environment Based on Ensemble Learning

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Comp.ter Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1315-1337页

作者： Lassaad k.Smirani Leila Jamel Latifah Almuqren Elearning Deanship.and Distance Education Umm Al-Qura UniversityP.O.Box 715MekkahSaudi Arabia Dep.rtment of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia

This study p.esents a layered generalization ensemble model for next generation radio mobiles,focusing on sup.rvised channel estimation *** estimation typ.cally involves the insertion of p.lot symbols with a well-balanced rhythm and suitable *** model,called Stack.d Generalization for Channel Estimation(SGCE),aims to enhance channel estimation p.rformance by eliminating p.lot insertion and imp.oving *** SGCE model incorp.rates six machine learning methods:random forest(RF),gradient boosting machine(GB),light gradient boosting machine(LGBM),sup.ort vector regression(SVR),extremely randomized tree(ERT),and extreme gradient boosting(XGB).By generating meta-data from five models(RF,GB,LGBM,SVR,and ERT),we ensure accurate channel coefficient p.edictions using the XGB *** validate themodeling p.rformance,we emp.oy the leave-one-out cross-validation(LOOCV)ap.roach,where each observation serves as the validation set while the remaining observations act as the training *** p.rformances’results demonstrate higher mean andmedian accuracy comp.red to the *** achieves an average accuracy of 98.4%,p.ecision of 98.1%,and the highest F1-score of 98.5%,accurately p.edicting channel ***,our p.op.sedmethod outp.rforms p.ior traditional and intelligent techniques in terms of throughp.t and bit error ***’s sup.rior p.rformance highlights its efficacy in op.imizing channel *** can effectively p.edict channel coefficients and contribute to enhancing the overall efficiency of radio mobile *** extensive exp.rimentation and evaluation,we demonstrate that SGCE imp.oved p.rformance in channel estimation,surp.ssing p.evious ***,SGCE’s cap.bilities have significant imp.ications for op.imizing channel estimation in modern communication systems.

关键词： Stack.d generalization ensemble learning Non-Orthogonal Multip.e Access(NOMA) channel estimation 5G

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Large-scale genome-wide SNp.analysis reveals the rugged(and ragged)landscap. of global ancestry,p.ylogeny,and demograp.ic history in chick.n breeds

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第4期25卷 324-340页

作者： Natalia V.DEMENTIEVA Yuri S.SHCHERBAk.V Olga I.STANISHEVSk.YA Anatoly B.VAk.RAMEEV Tatiana A.LARk.NA Artem p.DYSIN Olga A.NIk.LAEVA Anna E.RYABOVA Anastasiia I.AZOVTSEVA Olga V.MITROFANOVA Grigoriy k.p.GLIVANYAN Natalia R.REINBACH Darren k.GRIFFIN Michael N.ROMANOV Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.k.Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry.p.shk.n St.Petersburg196601Russia School of Biosciences University of KentCanterburyCT27NJUK L.k.Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry DubrovitsyPodolskMoscow Oblast142132Russia

The worldwide chick.n gene p.ol encomp.sses a remark.ble,but shrink.ng,number of divergently selected breeds of diverse *** study was a large-scale genome-wide analysis of the landscap. of the comp.ex molecular architecture,genetic variability,and detailed structure among 49 *** p.p.lations rep.esent a significant samp.e of the world's chick.n breeds from Europ.(Russia,Czech Rep.blic,France,Sp.in,Uk.etc.),Asia(China),North America(USA),and Oceania(Australia).Based on the results of breed genotyp.ng using the Illumina 60k.single nucleotide p.lymorp.ism(SNp.chip.a bioinformatic analysis was carried *** included the calculation of heterozygosity/homozygosity statistics,inbreeding coefficients,and effective p.p.lation *** also included assessment of link.ge disequilibrium and construction of p.ylogenetic *** multidimensional scaling,p.incip.l comp.nent analysis,and ADMIXTURE-assisted global ancestry analysis,we exp.ored the genetic structure of p.p.lations and subp.p.lations in each *** overall 49-p.p.lation p.ylogeny analysis was also p.rformed,and a refined evolutionary model of chick.n breed formation was p.op.sed,which included egg,meat,dual-p.rp.se typ.s,and ambiguous *** a large-scale survey of genetic resources in p.ultry farming using modern genomic methods is of great interest both from the viewp.int of a general understanding of the genetics of the domestic chick.n and for the further develop.ent of genomic technologies and ap.roaches in p.ultry *** general,whole genome SNp.genotyp.ng of p.omising chick.n breeds from the worldwide gene p.ol will p.omote the further develop.ent of modern genomic science as ap.lied to p.ultry.

关键词： Chick.n genome diversity Single nucleotide p.lymorp.ism(SNp.analysis Gene p.ol Global ancestry p.ylogeny Demograp.ic history

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Geochemistry and mineralogy of beach sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico,Tamaulip.s state, Mexico: imp.ication for p.ovenance

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Journal of p.laeogeograp.y 2024年第3期13卷 375-400页

作者： Mayank.Shuk.a Sanjeet k.Verma Mayla A.Ramos-Vázquez John S.Armstrong-Altrin k.rla R.Hernández-Martínez Sumit Mishra Vivek.p.Malviya Héctor Hernández-Mendoza p.sgrado de la División de Geociencias Ap.icadas Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT) División de Geociencias Ap.icadas Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Unidad de Procesos Oceanicos y Costeros Ciudad Universitaria Dep.rtment of Marine Sciences Bharathidasan University Instituto de Geociencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Dep.rtment of Ap.lied Geology Dr.Harisingh Gour Central University Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Universidad del Centro de México

Geochemical and mineralogical studies were p.rformed in the La p.sca(Lp. and Tesoro Altamira(TA) beach sediments, located in the Tamaulip.s state, northern Gulf of Mexico. The main aim of this study is to infer the weathering history and p.ovenance and to discriminate the tectonic environment of the beach sediments. The sediments are comp.sed of quartz with small amounts of accessory minerals such as p.agioclase, calcite, orthoclase, microcline, and zircon. Both beach sediments are classified as fine-grained and very well sorted, however Lp.has coarse sk.wed and lep.ok.rtic sediments, whereas TA has fine-sk.wed and very lep.ok.rtic sediments. The chemical index of weathering(CIW') indicates intense weathering in the source area. The quartz grain microtextures in the Lp.and TA are classified into mechanical, chemical, and mechanical/chemical origin. Mechanical features such as fractures, p.ts, p.rcussion mark., abrasion fatigue, and V-shap.d mark. favor high-energy littoral, fluvial, subaqueous-marine, and aeolian environments. The chemical features indicate solution p.ts and crystalline overgrowth, which suggests a silica saturated marine environment. The mechanical/chemical features disp.ay adhering p.rticles and elongated dep.essions suggest formation in a sub-aqueous nearshore marine environment. Major and trace elements-based p.ovenance discrimination diagrams indicate a felsic source derived from the Mesa Central(MC), Sierra Madre Oriental(SMOr) and Oaxaquia terranes. The major and trace element concentrations imp.y a p.ssive margin setting for the northern Gulf of Mexico, which is consistent with the general geology.

关键词： Beach sediments Geochemistry Mineralogy p.ovenance Tamaulip.s Tectonic setting

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