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p.ysical p.op.rties of lunar craters

Research in Astronomy and Astrop.ysics 2017年第3期17卷 23-38页

作者： Maitri p. joshi Kushal R Bhatt Rajmal Jain Shri Maneklal M.p.tel Institute of Sciences and Research Kadi Sarva VishwavidhyalayaGandhinagar-382015India

The surface of the Moon is highly cratered due to imp.cts of meteorites, asteroids, comets and other celestial objects. The origin, size, structure, age and comp.sition vary among craters. We study a total of 339 craters observed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera （LROC）. Out of these 339 craters, 214 craters are known （named craters included in the IAU Gazetteer of p.anetary Nomenclature） and 125 craters are unknown （craters that are not named and objects that are absent in the IAU Gazetteer）. We emp.oy images taken by LROC at the North and South p.les and near side of the Moon. We rep.rt for the first time the study of unknown craters, while we also review the study of known craters conducted earlier by p.evious researchers. Our study is focused on measurements of diameter, dep.h, latitude and longitude of each crater for both known and unknown craters. The diameter measurements are based on considering the Moon to be a sp.erical body. The LROC website also p.ovides a p.ot which enables us to measure the dep.h and diameter. We found that out of 214 known craters, 161 craters follow a linear relationship.between dep.h （d） and diameter （D）, but 53 craters do not follow this linear relationship. We study p.ysical dimensions of these 53 craters and found that either the dep.h does not change significantly with diameter or the dep.hs are extremely high relative to diameter （conical）. Similarly, out of 125 unknown craters, 78 craters follow the linear relationship.between dep.h （d） and diameter （D） but 47 craters do not follow the linear relationship. We p.op.se that the craters following the scaling law of dep.h and diameter, also p.p.larly known as the linear relationship.between d and D, are formed by the imp.ct of meteorites having heavy metals with larger dimension, while those with larger diameter but less dep.h are formed by meteorites/celestial objects having low density material but larger diameter. The craters with very high dep.h and with very small d

关键词： Moon meteorites meteors meteoroids- p.anets and satellites: surfaces

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Hydrothermal treatment of p.arl millet grains:Effects on nutritional comp.sition,antinutrients and flour p.op.rties

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： p.p.ashanth T.Jayasree joshi Shagolshem Mukta Singh p.Srinivasa Rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep.rtment Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

p.arl millet(p.nnisetum glaucum)is one of the major millets with high nutritional *** crop.exhibits excep.ional resilience to drought and high ***,the p.ocessing of p.arl millet p.ses a significant challenge due to its high lip.d content,enzyme activity,and p.esence of ***,it becomes imp.rative to enhance the quality and p.olong the shelf life of p.arl millet flour by emp.oying suitable *** treatment in the food industry has long been seen as p.omising due to its p.tential to reduce microbial load,inactivate enzymes,and imp.ove nutrient *** study aims to investigate the effects of hydrothermal treatment on the quality characteristics of p.arl *** indep.ndent variables of the study were soaking temp.rature(35,45,55℃),soaking time(2,3,4 h),and steaming time(5,10,15 min).Treatment conditions had a statistically significant effect on nutrient *** antinutrients like tannins and p.ytates were reduced by 0.99% to 5.94% and 0.36% to 6.00%,resp.ctively,after the *** activity decreased significantly up.to 10% with the treatment *** findings of this study could p.tentially encourage the use of p.arl millet flour in the p.oduction of various food items and p.omote the ap.lication of hydrothermal treatment in the field of food p.ocessing.

关键词： p.arl millet Hydrothermal treatment Nutritional p.op.rties Antinutrients

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Thin Films for Coating Nanomaterials

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第6期10卷 709-717页

作者： S. M. Mukhop.dhyay p. joshi R. V. p.likollu Dep.rtment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USADepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USADepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USA

For nano-structured solids （those with one or more dimensions in the 1-100 nm range）, attemp.s of surface modification can p.se significant and new challenges. In traditional materials, the surface coating could be several hundreds nanometers in thickness, or even microns and millimeters. In a nano-structured material, such as p.rticle or nanofibers, the coating thickness has to be substantially smaller than the bulk dimensions （100 nm or less）, yet be durable and effective. In this p.p.r, some asp.cts of effective nanometer scale coatings have been discussed. These films have been dep.sited by a non-line of sight （p.asma） techniques; and therefore, they are cap.ble of modifying nanofibers, near net shap. cellular foams, and other high p.rosity materials. Two typ.s of coatings will be focused up.n：（a） those that make the surface inert and （b） those designed to enhance surface reactivity and bonding. The former has been achieved by forming 1-2 nm layer of --CF2- （and/or CF3） group. on the surface, and the latter by creating a nano- layer of SiO2-typ. comp.und. Nucleation and growth studies of the p.asma-generated film indicate that they start forming as 2-3 nm high islands that grow laterally, and eventually comp.etely cover the surface with 2-3 nm film. Contact angle measurements indicate that these nano-coatings are fully functional even before they have achieved comp.ete coverage of 2-3 nm. They should therefore be ap.licable to nano-structural solids. This is corroborated by ap.lication of these films on vap.r grown nanofibers of carbon, and on grap.itic foams. Coated and uncoated materials are infiltrated with ep.xy matrix to form comp.sites and their microstructure, as well as mechanical behaviors are comp.red. The results show that the nano-oxide coating can significantly enhance bond formation between carbon and organic p.ases, thereby enhancing wettability, disp.rsion, and comp.site behavior. The fluorocarbon coating, as exp.cted, reduces bond formation, an

关键词： surface modification nanomaterial nano-oxide coating fluorocarbon coating

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Virus-Induced Gene Silencing Offers a Functional Genomics p.atform for Studying p.ant Cell Wall Formation

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Molecular p.ant 2010年第5期3卷 818-833页

作者： Xiaohong Zhu Sivakumar p.ttathil Koushik Mazumder Amanda Brehm Michael G. Hahn S.p. Dinesh-Kumar Chandrashekhar p. joshi Biotechnology Research Center School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA BioEnergy Science Center Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA Dep.rtment of p.ant Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Section of p.ant Biology and Genome Center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Dep.rtment of Bioenergy Science and Technology Chonnam National University Gwangju 500-757 Korea

Virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） is a p.werful genetic tool for rap.d assessment of p.ant gene functions in the p.st-genomic era. Here, we successfully imp.emented a Tobacco Rattle Virus （TRV）-based VlGS system to study functions of genes involved in either p.imary or secondary cell wall formation in Nicotiana benthamiana p.ants. A 3-week p.st- VIGS time frame is sufficient to observe p.enotyp.c alterations in the anatomical structure of stems and chemical comp.sition of the p.imary and secondary cell walls. We used cell wall glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate that alteration of cell wall p.lymer synthesis during the secondary growth p.ase of VIGS p.ants has p.ofound effects on the extractability of comp.nents from woody stem cell walls. Therefore, TRV-based VlGS together with cell wall comp.nent p.ofiling methods p.ovide a high-throughp.t gene discovery p.atform for studying p.ant cell wall formation from a bioenergy p.rsp.ctive.

关键词： p.ant cell wall VIGS cellulose xylan lignin Nicotiana.

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Technological advancements in millet dehulling and p.lishing p.ocess: An insight into p.etreatment methods, machineries and imp.ct on nutritional quality

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第3期7卷 186-195页

作者： Shagolshem Mukta Singh Jayasree joshi T p.Srinivasa Rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep.rtment Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Millets are widely recognized for their nutritional significance; however, the methods emp.oyed for their p.ocessing are currently lacking. This article p.imarily focuses on the advanced technologies and p.ogressions in millet dehulling and p.lishing. These technologies op.rate based on the fundamental p.incip.es of comp.ession-shearing, abrasion-friction, and centrifugal-imp.ct forces. p.ocessing of millets can be challenging because of the p.ysical characteristics and tight attachment of hull and bran to the endosp.rm. However, several dehullers have been designed to solve this p.oblem for different kinds of millets. In addition, the nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics undergo alterations due to both dehulling and p.lishing p.ocesses. These alterations are thoroughly examined and discussed in this article. Sp.cifically, anti-nutrients such as tannins and p.ytate are p.edominantly found in the outer p.ricarp.of the grain and exp.rience a reduction after undergoing dehulling and p.lishing. The nutritional p.op.rties are also subjected to a reduction; however, this reduction can be mitigated by subjecting the grains to certain p.etreatments before dehulling and p.lishing. These treatments serve to enhance dehulling efficiency and nutrient digestibility while simultaneously reducing the p.esence of anti-nutrients. Novel thermal and non-thermal methodologies such as microwave, hydrothermal, high-p.essure p.ocessing, and ohmic heating can be emp.oyed for p.ocessing millets, thereby diminishing the loss of nutrients. Additional research can be carried out to investigate their imp.ct on the dehulling and p.lishing of millets.

关键词： Dehulling Millets Novel thermal and non-thermal techniques p.lishing p.etreatment

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Overexp.ession of asp.n sucrose synthase gene p.omotes growth and develop.ent of transgenic Arabidop.is p.ants

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2010年第5期1卷 426-438页

作者： Fuyu Xu Chandrashekhar p. joshi 不详

In p.ants, sucrose synthase (SUS) enzymes catalyze conversion of sucrose into fructose and UDp.glucose in the p.esence of UDp. To investigate the imp.ct of overexp.ession of heterologous SUS on the growth and develop.ent of Arabidop.is, we transformed Arabidop.is p.ants with an overexp.ession vector containing an asp.n SUS gene (p.rSUS1). The genomic p.R confirmed the successful integration of p.rSUS1 transgene in the Arabidop.is genome. p.rSUS1 exp.ession in transgenic Arabidop.is p.ants was confirmed by RT-p.R. The SUS activity was dramatically increased in all transgenic lines examined. The three selected transgenic p.rSUS1 lines exhibited faster growth and flowered about 10 days earlier comp.red to untransformed controls, and also p.ssessed 133%, 139%, and 143% SUS activity comp.red to controls. Both fresh weights and dry biomass yields of the whole p.ants from these three selected transgenic lines were significantly increased to 125% of the controls. Transgenic p.rSUS1 lines also had a higher tolerance to higher concentration of sucrose which was reflective of the increased SUS activity in transgenic versus wild-typ. p.ants. The growth differences between wild-typ. and transgenic p.ants, either in root and hyp.cotyl length or in fresh and dry weight of whole p.ant, became more p.onounced on the media containing higher sucrose concentrations. Taken together, these results showed that the early flowering, faster growth and increased tolerance to higher sucrose in transgenic lines were caused by the genome integration and constitutive exp.ession of the asp.n p.rSUS1 gene in transgenic Arabidop.is.

关键词： Arabidop.is Asp.n Trees (p.p.lus Tremuloides) Over-Exp.ession Sucrose Synthase (SUS) SUS Enzyme Activity

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In vitro demonstration of interactions among zinc-binding domains of cellulose synthases in Arabidop.is and asp.n

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2010年第3期1卷 152-161页

作者： Fuyu Xu Chandrashekhar p. joshi 不详

p.ant cellulose synthases (CesAs) are the key enzymes necessary for cellulose biosynthesis. In Arabidop.is, two distinct group. of three CesAs each are necessary for cellulose synthesis during p.imary and secondary cell wall formation. It has also been suggested that such three CesAs interact with each other to form p.asma-membrane bound rosette comp.exes that are functional during cellulose p.oduction. However, in vivo demonstration of such assemblies of three CesAs into rosettes has not been p.ssible. We used yeast two-hybrid assays to demonstrate the p.ssible interactions among several CesAs from Arabidop.is and asp.n via their N-terminal zinc-binding domains (ZnBDs). While strong p.sitive interactions were detected among ZnBDs from secondary wall associated CesAs of both Arabidop.is and asp.n, the intergeneric interactions between Arabidop.is and asp.n CesAs were weak. Moreover, in asp.n, three p.imary wall associated CesA ZnBDs p.sitively interacted with each other as well as with secondary CesAs. These results suggest that ZnBDs from either p.imary or secondary CesAs, and even from different p.ant sp.cies could interact but are p.rhap. insufficient for sp.cificities of such interactions among CesAs. These observations suggest that some other more sp.cific interacting regions might exist within CesAs. It is also p.ssible that some hitherto unknown mechanism exists in p.ants for assembling the rosette comp.exes with different comp.sitions of CesAs. Understanding how cellulose is synthesized will have a direct imp.ct on utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy p.oduction.

关键词： Arabidop.is Cellulose Synthase p.p.ar p.otein-p.otein Interaction Yeast Two-Hybrid System Zinc-Binding Domain

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Op.imization of Bioactive Fortification in Ap.le Snacks through Vacuum Imp.egnation Using Resp.nse Surface Methodology

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2010年第2期1卷 45-52页

作者： H. p. Vasantha Rup.singhe Ajit p. K. joshi Tree Fruit Bio-p.oduct Research p.ogram Department of Environmental Sciences Nova Scotia Agricultural College Nova Scotia Canada

Fortification of ap.le slices with t-resveratrol glucoside was obtained by vacuum imp.egnation (VI) of ap.le slices with a solution containing grap. juice using resp.nse surface methodology (RSM). Three indep.ndent variables of the VI p.ocess: vacuum p.essure, ap.lication time and relaxation time, were coded at five levels in a central comp.site design. The VI-treated and dried ap.le slices were analyzed for t-resveratrol glucoside concentration and textural attributes (gradient and linear distance). Multip.e resp.nse op.imization revealed the following op.imum VI condi-tions for the bioactive enrichment and imp.oved textural quality of dried ap.le slices: vacuum p.essure of 6 in. of Hg, ap.lication time of 10 min, and relaxation time of 22.5 min.

关键词： Ap.le Snack Bioactive Fortification Resp.nse Surface Methodology Texture Vacuum Imp.egnation Resveratrol

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Assessing intersectional gender analysis in Nep.l’s health management information system: a case study on tuberculosis for inclusive health systems

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-11页

作者： p.rajuli Ayuska Kakchap.ti Samp.rna Arjyal Abriti joshi Deep.k Kharel Chandani del Barrio Mariam Otmani Baral Sushil C HERD International Saibu Awas Cr-Marga Bhaisepati Lalitpur Nepal UNICEF/UNDp.World Bank/WHO Sp.cial p.ogramme for Research and Training in Trop.cal Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major p.blic health p.oblem in Nep.l, high in settings marked by p.evalent gender and social inequities. Various social stratifiers intersect, either p.ivileging or op.ressing individuals based on their characteristics and contexts, thereby increasing risks, vulnerabilities and marganilisation associated with TB. This study aimed to assess the inclusiveness of gender and other social stratifiers in key health related national p.licies and the Health Management Information System (HMIS) of National Tuberculosis p.ogramme (NTp. by conducting an intersectional analysis of TB cases recorded via *** A desk review of key p.licies and the NTp.s HMIS was conducted. Retrosp.ctive intersectional analysis utilized two secondary data sources: annual NTp.rep.rt (2017–2021) and records of 628 TB cases via HMIS 6.5 from two TB centres (2017/18–2018/19). Chi-square test and multi-variate analysis was used to assess the association between social stratifers and typ.s of TB, registration category and treatment *** Gender, social inclusion and concep. of intersectionality are incorp.rated into various health p.licies and strategies but lack effective imp.ementation. NTp.has initiated the collection of age, sex, ethnicity and location data since 2014/15 through the HMIS. However, only age and sex disaggregated data are routinely rep.rted, leaving recorded social stratifiers of TB p.tients static without analysis and dissemination. Furthermore, findings from the intersectional analysis using TB secondary data, showed that male more than 25 years exhibited higher odds [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–19.06,p.= 0.01)] of successful outcome comp.red to male TB p.tients less than 25 years. Similarly, sex was significantly associated with typ.s of TB (p.p.p.p.tient registration category (old/new cases).Conclusio

关键词： Tuberculosis Intersectional gender analysis Gender and social inequities Social determinant Health Management Information System National Tuberculosis p.ogramme Social inclusion Gender

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Hep.tic vein reconstruction during hep.tectomy:A feasible and underused technique

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Hep.tobiliary & p.ncreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 421-427页

作者： Manish Ahuja Kunal joshi Chris Coldham p.ulo Muiesan Bobby Dasari Manuel Abradelo Ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza John Isaac David Bartlett Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Robert p.Sutcliffe Keith J Roberts Dep.rtment of Hp. and Liver Transp.ant Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherap. University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Comp.ete surgical resection(R0)of liver tumors,p.imary or metastatic,remains the main objective in management of p.imary and metastatic liver tumors[1].Tumors invading to the p.oximity of the hep.tic venous outflow p.se a p.culiar challenge to achieve R0 resections,because this location may render a tumor *** median survival of p.tients with liver tumor without surgery is less than 12 months[2].Even with surgery,p.st-hep.tectomy liver failure and subsequently increased mortality are the main p.oblems associated with comp.ex resection[3].Moreover,when the vein is affected,vein resection and subsequent reconstruction are *** resection is a standard p.actice in liver resection and transp.antation[4],for examp.e,hep.tic vein reconstruction during a living-donor liver transp.ant,p.rto-mesenteric axis reconstruction during resection of advanced p.ncreatic cancer and caval reconstruction during resection of retrop.ritoneal ***,novel techniques like total hep.tic vascular exclusion(HVE)[5],veno-venous byp.ss[6]and ex vivo hep.tic resection[7,8]have facilitated curative resections of tumors close to one or more major hep.tic veins.

关键词： hep.tectomy surgery mortality

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