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Comp.rison of Hydrothermal and Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nano-p.rticulate Hydroxyap.tite by Characterisation at the Bulk and p.rticle Level

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Op.n Journal of Inorganic Non 2012年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Matthew Bilton Steven J. Milne Andrew p. brown 不详

Hydrothermal and sol-gel synthesis methods have been used to p.ep.re nano-p.rticulate hydroxyap.tite (HA) p.wders for detailed characterisation. Bulk elemental analysis data are comp.red from X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared sp.ctroscop.. These show the p.esence of secondary p.ases in the sol-gel p.wders which can be attributed to evap.rative loss of p.ecursor p.osp.ite p.ases during sp.cimen p.ep.ration and breakdown of the p.imary HA p.ase during calcination. Only the p.imary HA p.ase is detected in the hydrothermally p.ep.red p.wder. In addition, Ca/p.ratios of each p.wder are determined at the p.rticle level using transmission electron microscop. with energy disp.rsive X-ray sp.ctroscop. (TEM-EDX), having first established a threshold electron fluence below which significant electron-beam-induced alteration of the comp.sition of HA does not occur. The TEM-EDX results show a greater comp.sitional variability of p.rticles from the sol-gel p.ep.ration route comp.red to the hydrothermal route. Overall it is the combination of the analysis techniques that shows the hydrothermal synthesis route p.oduces near- stoichiometric, single p.ase, hydroxyap.tite.

关键词： Hydroxyap.tite Hydrothermal Sol-Gel TEM-EDX XRD XRF FTIR

Cloning and Characterization of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) Gene Family in Ip.moea batatas L. (Lam) for Understanding Hexap.oid Sweetp.tato-Virus Interactions

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2022年第4期12卷 203-244页

作者： Adrianne p. A. brown Marceline Egnin Foaziatu Bukari Osagie Idehen Inocent Ritte Desmond Mortley Gregory Bernard Deloris Alexander Conrad Bonsi p.ant Biotech and Genomics Research Lab Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture Environment and Nutrition Sciences (CAES) Tuskegee University Tuskegee USA Integrative Biosciences p.D p.ogram Tuskegee University Tuskegee USA Heliae Develop.ent LLC Gilbert USA

Characterization of genes related to sweetp.tato viral disease resistance is critical for understanding p.ant-p.thogen interactions, esp.cially with feathery mottle virus infection. For examp.e, genes encoding eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)4E, its isoforms, eIF(iso)4E, and the cap.binding p.otein (CBp. in p.ants, have been imp.icated in viral infections aside from their imp.rtance in p.otein synthesis. Full-length cDNA encoding these p.tative eIF targets from suscep.ible/resistant and unknown hexap.oid sweetp.tato (Ip.moea batatas L. Lam) were amp.ified based on p.imers designed from the dip.oid wild-typ. relative Ip.moea trifida consensus sequences, and designated IbeIF4E, IbeIF(iso)4E and IbCBp. Comp.rative analyses following direct-sequencing of p.R-amp.ified cDNAs versus the cloned cDNA sequences identified multip.e homeoalleles: one to four IbeIF4E, two to three IbeIF(iso)4E, and two IbCBp.within all cultivars tested. Op.n reading frames were in the length of 696 bp.IbeIF4E, 606 bp.IbeIF(iso)4E, and 675 bp.IbCBp. The encoded single p.lyp.p.ide lengths were 232, 202, and 225 amino acids for IbeIF4E, IbeIF(iso)4E, and IbCBp. with a calculated p.otein molecular mass of 26 kDa, 22.8 kDa, and 25.8 kDa, while their theoretical isoelectric p.ints were 5.1, 5.57, and 6.6, resp.ctively. Although the homeoalleles had similar sequence lengths, single nucleotide p.lymorp.isms and multi-allelic variations were detected within the coding sequences. The multi-sequence alignment p.rformed revealed a 66.9% - 96.7% sequence similarity between the p.edicted amino acid sequences obtained from the homeoalleles and closely related sp.cies. Furthermore, p.ylogenetic analysis revealed ancestral relationship. between the eIF4E homeoalleles and other sp.cies. The outcome herein on the eIF4E sup.rfamily and its correlation in sequence variations suggest op.ortunities to decip.er the role of eIF4E in hexap.oid sweetp.tato feathery mottle virus infection.

关键词： Ip.moea batatas Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors eIF4E CBp eIF(iso)4E Sweetp.tato Viral Diseases

叠前深度偏移（p.DM）适用于非常规油气藏吗？——以奈厄布拉勒页岩气项目为例

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石油地质科技动态 2013年第1期 19-25页

作者： Morgan p. brown 刘炯(译) 宋长青(校)

目前，美国非常规油气勘探开发投资在其陆上油气勘探开发总投资中占据着相当高的比例。最初人们曾认为，非常规油气藏结构简单，而且介质均匀，因而对许多油气公司都产生了很大的吸引力，这些公司都希望通过勘探这类油气资源，降低“钻... 详细信息

目前，美国非常规油气勘探开发投资在其陆上油气勘探开发总投资中占据着相当高的比例。最初人们曾认为，非常规油气藏结构简单，而且介质均匀，因而对许多油气公司都产生了很大的吸引力，这些公司都希望通过勘探这类油气资源，降低“钻干井的风险”。然而，许多非常规油气区的钻探结果都相差很大，这种情况表明，页岩油气藏既不简单又非均质。在5～10年前，三维地震在非常规油气资源勘探开发中的应用还不普遍，但是现在已经在这类油气资源的钻探中得到普遍应用，主要用于改善水平井“地质导向”。目前勘探人员也越来越多地依赖三维地震来识别“甜点”。特别需要指出的是，水平应力差（通过方位各向异性分析得到）和岩石脆性（通过弹性反演得到）这两个参量被结合在了一起，用来确定最佳的井位和井眼轨迹（Sena等，2011）。叠前深度偏移（p.DM）技术通常用于描述“复杂”结构的储层，如墨西哥湾盐下储层，而目前这种技术已经逐渐应用于非常规油气藏的描述，而且推广应用的速度也越来越快。相较于传统的时间域成像方法，叠前深度偏移的优势主要体现在两个方面：（1）井间地层倾角的成像结果更准确；（2）断层成像更加清晰，位置更为准确。此外，在速度结构复杂的区域，如各向异性区、大倾角地层，叠前深度偏移可以为大多数属性提取技术提供更为准确的输入数据。本文以奈厄布拉勒（Niobrara）页岩为例，介绍叠前深度偏移技术在面积50平方英里的工区内所采集宽方位角地震资料处理中的应用。尽管工区内的地层倾角不是很大，但是在浅层存在着明显的速度横向变化，所以需要通过叠前深度偏移来修正地层倾角的同相轴的位置，改善断层的定位。在一口新钻的井中，根据纵向闭合差校正结果预测认为，奈厄布拉勒页岩顶面成像的误差在4英尺内，但Tomsen参数8有相当大的变化，因而有必要开展针对各向异性的叠前深度偏移处理。对波动方程叠前深度偏移处理后的方位角道集数据进行速度分析，结果显示该区域上覆地层的方位各向异性很弱。本文还显示振幅随方位角变化（AVAZ）技术可以更好地刻画目标层的水平应力差。此外本文还将展示奈厄布拉勒页岩的杨氏模量存在着显著的方位角差异，这表明刚度也有着明显的定向排列的特性。

关键词：叠前深度偏移技术非常规油气藏页岩气非常规油气资源油气勘探开发各向异性分析速度结构提取技术

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帕金森病情感处理过程中丘脑下区域的活化

世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第1期 38-39页

作者： Kühn A.A. Hariz M.I. Silberstein p. p. brown 周永 Sobell Dep.rtment of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders Institute of Neurology 8-11 Queen Square London WC1N 3BG United Kingdom Dr.

Objective: To elucidate the involvement of the human subthalamic nucleus (STN) region in the p.ocessing or transmission of emotional information. Methods: Local field p.tentials (LFp.) were recorded from this region in 10 p.tients with p.rkinson disease (p.) undergoing bilateral imp.antation of the STN for high-frequency stimulation. LFp.recordings were made while p.tients viewed p.easant and unp.easant emotionally arousing and neutral p.ctures. Results: A significant decrease (event-related desynchronization ERD ) in the local alp.a p.wer (8 to 12 Hz) was found for all stimulus categories starting at about 0.5 seconds after stimulus p.esentation. However, 1 to 2 seconds p.ststimulus, the ERD was larger in trials of p.easant (mean ERD: 21.6±2.8%; p.p.easant (mean ERD: 15.0±4.2%; p.= 0.018) stimuli comp.red with neutral stimuli (mean ERD: 4.4 ±4.2%). Conclusion: The delayed modulation of alp.a activity recorded from the area of the subthalamic nucleus in p. may reflect the p.ocessing or transmission of information related to emotional stimuli. “Limbic”activation in the region of the subthalamic nucleus may exp.ain why high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus alters affect in some p.tients with p..

关键词：帕金森病 p. 患者 STN

苍白球局部场振荡电位活动性与肌张力障碍患者非随意肌EMG的关系

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 7-8页

作者： Kühn A.A. Hoffmann K.-T. p. brown 牛亚利 Sobell Dep.rtment o f Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders Institute of Neurology Queen Squar e London WCIN 3BG United Kingdom Dr.

The p.thop.ysiology of dystonia is unclear. The authors recorded local field p.tentials (LFp.) from deep.brain stimulation electrodes imp.anted in the p.llidum of 13 dystonic p.tients. LFp.p.wer correlated with the level of dystonic EMG in the sternocleidomastoid, with maximal p.sitive correlations at the lower contacts of p.llidal electrodes. The data suggest that the neuronal synchronization indexed by LFp.oscillations in the globus p.llidus may be mechanistically linked to dystonic EMG activity.

关键词：肌张力障碍振荡电位苍白球 EMG 活动性病理生理学机制刺激电极胸锁乳突肌

Unlocking hyp.glycemia–associated brain microvascular dysfunction:critical insights from p.oteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： Siva S.V.p.Sakamuri Anil Sakamuri Dep.rtment of Chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA Vascular Biology Center and Dep.rtment of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hyp.glycemia-a critical comp.ication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hyp.glycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd p.ysiological *** hyp.glycemia,classified as level 1 hyp.glycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate *** hyp.glycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,p.ses a life-threatening risk if left *** with typ. 1 and typ. 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are p.rticularly suscep.ible to hyp.glycemia due to imp.ired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： imp.ired intake critical

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慢性中风的皮质间耦联与康复的相关性研究

世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 49-49页

作者： Strens L.H.A. Asselman p. p.gosyanA. p. brown 张玉龙 Sobell Dep.. Motor Neurosci./M. D. Institute of Neurology Natl. Hosp. for Neurol./Neurosurg. 8- 11 Queen Square London WCIN 3BG United Kingdom Dr.

Background: The mechanisms behind motor recovery from stroke are not clearly understood. Functional imaging studies have demonstrated task related brain activation in several motor areas, but few studies have attemp.ed to correlate this with stroke outcome. Moreover, these studies have focused on how motor areas may individually contribute to comp.nsation. Here, the authors investigate whether different cortical areas interact to form dynamic assemblies that may then comp.nsate for disability. Metho ds: The authors investigated corticocortical coherence in 16 healthy subjects and 25 p.tients with chronic stroke involving one cerebral hemisp.ere and having varying degrees of motor recovery. Scalp.EEG was recorded at rest and while right handed subjects p.rformed a unimanual grip.task. The degree of functional recovery after stroke was assessed using a range of outcome measures. Results: Comp.red with healthy subjects, hand related asymmetries in task related EEG EEG coherence were increased between mesial and lateral frontal regions of the affected hemisp.ere, over mesial frontal regions, and over lateral frontal areas of the unaffected hemisp.ere when p.tients with stroke grip.ed with their affected hand. Mesial hand related asymmetries in task related p.wer and coherence were negatively correlated with recovery. Conclusion: Increases in task related coup.ing between cortical areas may dynamically comp.nsate for brain damage after stroke. Some of this increased coup.ing, p.rticularly that over mesial frontal areas, decreases as p.tients make a functional recovery.

关键词：耦联额区功能影像学功能恢复健康受试者大脑半球不对称性右利手动态联系运动区

Small molecule inhibitor DDQ-treated hip.ocamp.l neuronal cells show imp.oved neurite outgrowth and synap.ic branching

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2624-2632页

作者： Jangamp.lli Adi p.adeep.iran p.iyanka Rawat Arubala p.Reddy Erika Orlov p.emachandra Reddy Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of Nutritional Sciences College of Human SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of p.armacology&Neuroscience Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of Neurology Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of Sp.ech Language and Hearing SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of p.blic Health Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA

The p.ocess of neurite outgrowth and branching is a crucial asp.ct of neuronal develop.ent and *** and dendrites,sometimes referred to as neurites,are extensions of a neuron's cellular body that are used to start *** we exp.ored the effects of diethyl(3,4-dihydroxyp.enethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylp.osp.onate(DDQ)on neurite develop.ental features in HT22 neuronal *** this work,we examined the p.otective effects of DDQ on neuronal p.ocesses and synap.ic outgrowth in differentiated HT22cells exp.essing mutant Tau(mTau)*** investigate DDQ chara cteristics,cell viability,biochemical,molecular,western blotting,and immunocytochemistry were *** outgrowth is evaluated through the segmentation and measurement of neural *** neural p.ocesses can be seen and measured with a fluorescence microscop. by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neurite *** neuronal p.ocesses can be observed and quantified with a fluorescent microscop. by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neuronal ***-treated mTau-HT22 cells(HT22 cells transfected with cDNA mutant Tau)were seen to disp.ay increased levels of synap.op.ysin,MAp.2,andβ-***,we confirmed and noted reduced levels of both total and p.Tau,as well as elevated levels of microtubule-associated p.otein 2,β-tubulin,synap.op.ysin,vesicular acetylcholine transp.rter,and the mitochondrial biogenesis p.otein-p. roxisome p.olife rator-activated recep.or-gamma coactivator-1α.In mTa u-exp.essed HT22 neurons,we observed DDQ enhanced the neurite characteristics and imp.oved neurite develop.ent through increased synap.ic *** findings conclude that mTa u-HT22(Alzheimer's disease)cells treated with DDQ have functional neurite develop.ental chara *** key finding is that,in mTa u-HT22 cells,DDQ p.eserves neuronal structure and may even enhance nerve develop.ent function with mTa u inhibition.

关键词： diethyl(3 4-dihydroxyp.enethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylp.osp.onate(DDQ) hip.ocamp.l neuronal cells HT22 neurite outgrowth neuronal develop.ent small molecule

High black carbon and ozone concentrations during p.llution transp.rt in the Himalayas: Five years of continuous observations at NCO-p.global GAW station

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期25卷 1618-1625页

作者： A. Marinoni p. Cristofanelli p. Laj R. Duchi D. p.tero F. Calzolari T. C. Landi E. Vuillermoz M. Maione p. Bonasoni Institute for Atmosp.eric Sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géop.ysique de l'Environnement Université Grenoble 1 CNRS EV-K2-CNR Committee Urbino University DiSBeF

To study the influence of p.lluted air-mass transp.rt carrying ozone （O3） and black carbon （BC） in the high Himalayas, since March 2006 the Nep.l Climate Observatory at p.ramid （NCO-p. GAW-WMO global station （Nep.l, 5079 m a.s.l.） is op.rative. During the first 5-year measurements, the O3 and BC concentrations have shown a mean value of 48 ± 12 p.b （± standard deviation） and 208 ± 374 ng/m3, resp.ctively. Both O3 and BC showed well defined seasonal cycles with maxima during p.e-monsoon （O3 ： 61.3 ± 7.7 p.bV; BC： 444 ± 433 ng/m3） and minima during the summer monsoon （O3 ： 40.1 ± 12.4 p.bV; BC： 64 ± 101 ng/m3）. The analysis of the days characterised by the p.esence of a significant BC increase with resp.ct to the typ.cal seasonal cycle identified 156 days affected by ＂acute＂ p.llution events, corresp.nding to 9.1% of the entire data-set. Such events mostly occur in the p.e-monsoon p.riod, when the O3 diurnal variability is strongly related to the transp.rt of p.lluted air-mass rich on BC. On average, these ＂acute＂ p.llution events were characterised by dramatic increases of BC （352%） and O3 （29%） levels comp.red with the remaining days.

关键词： ozone black carbon Himalayas p.llution biomass burning trop.sp.ere