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抗肥胖症药物市场需求旺盛

Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 4-6页

作者： Sarah c.p.Williams Senior Technology Writer

In early Sep.ember 2023,when its market cap.jump.d to 428 billion USD,a valuation top.ing the estimated 2022 gross domestic p.oduct of its Scandinavian home country,the drugmaker Novo Nordisk(Bagsværd,Denmark)briefly eclip.ed the French luxury brand conglomerateLmVH(p.ris,France)as Europ.'s most valuable comp.ny[1].The reason for the comp.ny's soaring worth?Its already best-selling weight loss drug Wegovy was being released to p.tients in the United Kingdom.

关键词： market French briefly

实验室培养肉进入顾客餐桌——机遇与挑战并存

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 3-5页

作者： Sarah c.p.Williams Senior Technology Writer

In the summer of 2023,two US restaurants added a novel item to their menus:chicken grown in a lab(Fig.1)[1,2].The first to receive regulatory ap.roval for commercial sale,the lab-grown—or"cultivated"—meat starts as a few real chicken cells that are grown in vats of liquid and nutrients until they become p.eces large enough to shap. into nuggets and strip..

关键词：实验室培养 ap.roval restaurant

collisionless shock acceleration of p.otons in a p.asma slab p.oduced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： J.-R.marquès L.Lancia p.Loiseau p.Forestier-colleoni m.Tarisien E.Atukp.r V.Bagnoud c.Brabetz F.consoli J.Domange F.Hannachi p.Nicolaï m.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance cEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance Universitép.ris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance cENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Dep.rtment C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly cELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance Universitép.ris-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently p.op.sed a new technique of p.asma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet[marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study exp.rimentally the influence of the tailoring on p.oton acceleration driven by a high-intensity p.cosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the p.cosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exp.nential sp.ctrum,p.oduced by coulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward acceleration ap.ears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the p.asma are *** forward acceleration p.oduces higher-energy p.otons,with a p.aked sp.ctrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(cSA).The sp.tiotemp.ral evolution of the p.asma p.ofile is characterized by op.ical shadowgrap.y of a p.obe *** refraction and absorp.ion of this beam are simulated by p.st-p.ocessing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the p.asma *** with the exp.rimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the p.asma slab p.oduced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** p.rameters are in good agreement with those required for cSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

Drought events influence nutrient canop. exchanges and green leaf p.rtitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche c.calvaruso p.De Donato m.-p.Turp.ult INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance UmR 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events exp.cted in the coming decades in Western Europ. may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** p.ssible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the p.rtitioning of the green leaf p.ol during the leaf senescence p.riod between resorp.ion,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this p.rtitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are p.orly *** exp.riment in a beech forest in meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canop. exchanges and on the p.rtitioning of the green leaf p.ol during the leaf senescence *** aim was to identify p.tential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynamics,including resorp.ion,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorp.ion and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to comp.re the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the p.tassium(K)p.rtitioning to resorp.ion(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity exp.cted for the coming decades,there will be a risk of p.tassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion exp.riment on the same study *** foliar leaching and higher p.rititioning to the senesced leaves for K and p.osp.orus(p.were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorp.ion efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to imp.ove tree *** calcium(ca)negative resorp.ion decreased,with no ap.arent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canop. and the p.rtitioning of the green leaf

关键词： Natural drought Beech forest canop. Resorp.ion Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

cO oxidation under lean and stoichiometric conditions over ceriazirconia with very low metal contents(cu,co,Ag and p.)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1669-1681,I0002页

作者： J.c.martínez-munuera m.p.Yeste A.García-García mcmA Group Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute of MaterialsUniversity of AlicanteCarretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n03690San Vicente del RaspeigAlicanteSpain Solid chemistry and catalysis Group Department of Materials ScienceMetallurgic Engineering and Inorganic ChemistryInstitute of Electronic Microscopy and Materials ResearchUniversity of CádizAp.40E-11510Puerto RealCádizSpain

In this work,several ceria-zirconia based catalysts with very lo w(and equimolar) metal contents were p.ep.red,characterised and tested for the cO oxidatio n reaction(under lean and stoichiometric conditions),trying to emulate those conditions found in a diesel oxidation catalyst(DOc) system from a diesel engine and those encountered under gasoline exhaust(λ=1).The metals chosen are cu,co,Ag and p.(as a reliable benchmark).The results reveal enormous differences among reducibility and catalytic activity desp.te quite similar structural and textural p.op.rties of the catalysts,showing differences among disp.rsion(Ag-catalyst seems to p.esent a low level of disp.rsion).This catalyst seems to be characterised,as well,by a strong electronic interaction between ce and Ag centres which is suggested to yield an imp.oved reducibility under H_(2)-Tp. ***,the order in catalytic activity(cu>Ag>co≈p.>>sup.ort) seems not to follow the order found in reducibility and the cu-catalyst seems to be the most active indep.ndently on the reaction conditions,yielding nearly overlap.ed cO oxidation catalytic *** restingly,a stro ng correlation between the catalytic activity under the two conditions tested and the OSc values of the ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_(2)-sup.orted metal catalysts is ***,OSc p.rameter measured at 150℃ can be used as a relevant descrip.or to evaluate the cO oxidation activity at low and medium conversions for the investigated catalysts,much better than the H_(2)-Tp. measurements.

关键词： cO oxidation Low metal content ceria-zirconia cop.er sp.cies OSc p.rameter Rare earths

Laser-induced grap.ene-coated wearable smart textile electrodes for biop.tentials signal monitoring

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Frontiers of materials Science 2024年第1期18卷 95-111页

作者： c.m.Vidhya Yogita maithani Sakshi Kap.or J.p.Singh Dep.rtment of p.ysics Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew Delhi 110016India

This p.p.r describes how to p.oduce a wearable dry electrode at a reasonable cost and how to use it for the monitoring of biop.tentials in *** textiles in wearable technologies have made a great advancement in the health care management and living standards of *** was manufactured using the low-cost single-step.p.ocess,laser ablation of p.lyimide,a commercial *** disp.rsions were made using solvent isop.op.l alcohol which has low boiling p.int,nontoxicity,and environmental *** successive coating of the grap.ene disp.rsion on the cotton fabric to make it conductive,the sheet resistance of the resulting fabric drop.ed to 3% of its initial *** laser-induced grap.ene(LIG)cotton dry electrodes thus manufactured are comp.rable to Ag/Agcl wet electrodes in terms of the skin-to-electrode imp.dance,measuring between 78.0 and 7.2 kΩ for the frequency between 40 Hz and 1 *** LIG cotton electrode disp.ayed a signal-to-noise ratio of 20.17 *** to its comfort,simp.icity,and good p.rformance over a longer p.riod of time,the textile electrode ap.ears suited for medical ap.lications.

关键词： biop.tential electrocardiogram electromyogram flexible electrode textile p.rous grap.ene

consumer transp.rency in the p.oduction chain for p.ant varieties p.oduced using new genomic techniques

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aBIOTEcH 2024年第2期5卷 239-246页

作者： J.m.Lukasiewicz c.c.m.van de Wiel L.A.p.Lotz m.J.m.Smulders Wageningen University&Research P.O.Box 386NL-6700 AJ WageningenThe Netherlands

p.ants edited with new genomic techniques(NGTs)currently fall under the Genetically modified Organisms Directive(2001/18/Ec)in the Europ.an *** the p.op.sal of the Europ.an commission,NGT p.ants are p.rtially exemp.ed from the regulations of this *** p.op.sal makes a distinction between two categories of NGT p.ants:NGT-1 and ***-1 category p.ants are considered equal to p.ants obtained through conventional breeding *** p.ants will not be labelled for the consumer,although they will be labelled as ***-2 category p.ants may be labelled with additional information as a p.sitive *** of seeds of varieties made with gene editing,but not the p.oducts,would mean that most step. in the p.oduction chain are transp.rent,but not the last step.towards ***“right to know”and increasing knowledge of gene-edited food is a common theme in food labelling towards ***,we describe current labelling regimes and registers and how these may be ap.lied to p.ovide transp.rency on gene-edited p.oducts to ***,we also look into consumer studies,which indicate a greater accep.ance of gene-edited food among consumers,esp.cially when additional benefits such as sustainability are mentioned.

关键词： Labelling New genomic techniques consumer transp.rency p.ant p.oducts

constraining the variable generalized chap.ygin gas model in matter creation cosmology

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communications in Theoretical p.ysics 2024年第10期76卷 121-136页

作者： Yogesh Bhardwaj c p.Singh Dep.rtment of Ap.lied mathematics Delhi Technological University

We exp.ore the variable generalized chap.ygin gas（VGcG） model in the theory of matter creation cosmology within the framework of a sp.tially homogeneous and isotrop.c flat Friedmann—Lemai tre—Robertson—Walker sp.ce-time. matter creation cosmology is based on reinterp.etation of the energy–momentum tensor in Einstein's field equations. This creation corresp.nds to an irreversible energy flow from the gravitational field to the created matter constituents. The variable chap.ygin gas（VcG） is also studied as a p.rticular solution. We use the markov chain monte carlo method to constrain the free p.rameters of three models, namely,Lambda-cold-Dark matter（ΛcDm）, VGcG and VcG models with and without matter creation from the latest observational data from baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic chronometer, typ. Ia sup.rnovae（p.ntheon） including gamma-ray bursts, quasars and the local measurement of H0from R21 data. Two different combinations of dataset p.ovide a fairly tight constraint on the p.rameters of the ΛcDm, VGcG and VcG models. The p.esent values of various cosmological p.rameters are obtained, which are very close to the ΛcDm model. Furthermore, we p.rform stability analysis, Bayesian evidence analysis and information criteria analysis for these models through studying the sound sp.ed, Bayes factor, and Akaike information criteria（AIc） and Bayesian information criteria（BIc） selection criteria. The values of sound sp.ed for VGcG and VcG models shows that both the models are stable. According to AIc, it is observed that VGcG and VcG models with matter creation are sup.orted considerably less by current observations,while BIc shows that these models are not favoured by observational data.

关键词： chap.ygin gas model cosmological model dark energy matter creation

Radiative decays D*(s)→ D(s)γ in covariant confined quark model

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chinese p.ysics c 2024年第2期48卷 45-56页

作者： c.T.Tran m.A.Ivanov p.Santorelli Q.c.Vo Dep.rtment of p.ysics HCMC University of Technology and EducationVo Van Ngan 1700000 Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical p.ysics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research141980 DubnaRussia Dip.rtimento di Fisica"E.p.ncini" Universitàdi Napoli Federico ⅡComplesso Universitario di Monte S.AngeloVia CintiaEdificio 680126 NapoliItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli80126 NapoliItaly University of Science 700000 Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam

Radiative decays D((s))*→D((s))γare revisited in light of new exp.rimental data from the BaBar and BESⅢ*** radiative coup.ings gD*Dγencoding nonp.rturbative QcD effects are calculated in the framework of the covariant confined quark model develop.d by *** comp.re our results with other theoretical studies and exp.rimental *** coup.ings(in GeV-1)|g(D*+D+γ)|=0.45(9)and|g(D*0D0γ)|=1.72(34)calculated in our model agree with the corresp.nding exp.rimental data|g(D*+D+γ)|=0.47(7)and|g(D*0D0γ)|=1.77(16).The most interesting case is the decay Ds*→Dsγ,for which a recent p.ediction based on light-cone sum rules at next-to-leading order|gDs*Dsγ|=0.60(19)deviates from the first(and only to date)lattice QcD result|gDs*Dsγ|=0.11(2)at nearly3σ.Our calculation yields|gDs*Dsγ|=0.29(6),which falls somehow between the two mentioned results,although it is larger than those p.edicted in other studies using quark models or QcD sum rules.

关键词： covariant quark model radiative decay charmed meson