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Adaptive Route Sink Relocation Using Cluster Head Chain Cycling Model in WSN

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1811-1826页

作者： M.Sudha P.Shanmugapriya Rami Q.malik ahmed Alkhayyat Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Paavai Engineering CollegeNamakkal637018India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saranathan College of EngineeringTiruchirappalli620012India Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeHillah51001Iraq College of Technical Engineering The Islamic UniversityNajafIraq

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)have revolutionized the processes involved in industrial ***,the most important challenge faced by WSN sensors is the presence of limited *** research inves-tigations have been conducted so far on how to prolong the energy in *** phenomenon is a result of inability of the network to have battery powered-sensor ***-efﬁcient routing on packetﬂow is a parallel phenomenon to delay nature,whereas the primary energy gets wasted as a result of WSN *** holes are present in the vicinity of sink and it is an important efﬁcient-routing protocol for *** order to solve the issues discussed above,an energy-efﬁcient routing protocol is proposed in this study named as Adaptive Route Decision Sink Relocation Protocol using Cluster Head Chain Cycling approach(ARDSR-CHC2H).The proposed method aims at improved communica-tion at sink-inviting *** this point,Cluster Head Node(CHN)is selected,since it consumes low energy and permits one node to communicate with others in two *** main purpose of the proposed model is to reduce energy con-sumption and deﬁne new interchange technology.A comparison of simulation results demonstrates that the proposed algorithm achieved low cluster creation time,better network error and high Packet Delivery Rate with less network failure.

关键词： Cluster head energy-efﬁcient routing chain routing cycling approach sink relocation adaptive routing WSN

Proteome-wide screening for the analysis of protein targeting of Chlamydia pneumoniae in endoplasmic reticulum of host cells and their possible implication in lung cancer development

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BIOCELL 2022年第1期46卷 87-95页

作者： YANYAN LI SHAHANAVAJ KHAN ANIS AHMAD CHAUDHARY HASSAN ahmed RUDAYNI ABDUL malik ASHWAG SHAMI Department of Oncology Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450007China Department of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Shri Ram Group of College(SRGC)Muzaffarnagar251001India Department of Health Sciences Novel Global Community Educational FoundationSydneyAustralia Department of Biology College of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSUI)Riyadh11623Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11617Saudi Arabia

Available reports have confirmed a link between bacterial infection and the progression of different types of cancers,including colon,lungs,and prostate *** we report the Chlamydia pneumonia proteins targeting in endoplasmic reticulum(ER)using in-silico approaches and their possible role in lung cancer *** predicted 48 proteins that target human ER,which may be associated with protein folding and protein-protein interactions during *** results showed *** proteins targeting human ER and their implications in lung cancer *** targeted proteins may be involved in competitive interactions between host and bacterial proteins,which may change the usual pathway functions and trigger the development of lung ***,*** unfolded protein accumulation in the human ER possibly induces ER stress,consequently activating the unfolded protein response(UPR),and providing a favorable microenvironment for cancer *** current study showed the *** protein targeting in ER of host cell and their implication in lung cancer *** results may help researchers better manage lung cancer and establish a molecular mechanism for *** lung cancer association.

关键词： Bacterial infection C.pneumoniae Proteomes ER Lung cancer

Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys: A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第9期11卷 3038-3058页

作者： Chowdhury ahmed Shahed Faiz Ahmad Ebru Günister Farhana Mohd Foudzi Saad Ali Khurshid malik Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS(UTP)32610Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Mechanical EngineeringIstanbul Health and Technology UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang26600 PekanPahangMalaysia

Benefits achieved by the biodegradable magnesium(Mg) and zinc(Zn) implants could be suppressed due to the invasion of infectious microbial, common bacteria, and fungi. Postoperative medications and the antibacterial properties of pure Mg and Zn are insufficient against biofilm and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, bringing osteomyelitis, necrosis, and even death. This study evaluates the antibacterial performance of biodegradable Mg and Zn alloys of different reinforcements, including silver(Ag), copper(Cu), lithium(Li), and gallium(Ga). Copper ions(Cu^(2+)) can eradicate biofilms and antibiotic-resistant bacteria by extracting electrons from the cellular structure. Silver ion(Ag^(+)) kills bacteria by creating bonds with the thiol group. Gallium ion(Ga^(3+)) inhibits ferric ion(Fe^(3+)) absorption, leading to nutrient deficiency and bacterial death. Nanoparticles and reactive oxygen species(ROS) can penetrate bacteria cell walls directly, develop bonds with receptors, and damage nucleotides. Antibacterial action depends on the alkali nature of metal ions and their degradation rate, which often causes cytotoxicity in living cells. Therefore, this review emphasizes the insight into degradation rate, antibacterial mechanism, and their consequent cytotoxicity and observes the correlation between antibacterial performance and oxidation number of metal ions.

关键词： Biodegradable materials Biomedical implants Antibacterial mechanism Cytotoxicity Reactive oxygen species

Reinforcing Artificial Neural Networks through Traditional Machine Learning Algorithms for Robust Classification of Cancer

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 4293-4315页

作者： Muhammad Hammad Waseem malik Sajjad ahmed Nadeem Ishtiaq Rasool Khan Seong-O-Shim Wajid Aziz Usman Habib Department of Computer Sciences and Information Technology University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan Department of Computer Science and AI College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah23890Saudi Arabia Department of Computer and Network Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah23890Saudi Arabia Department of AI&DS School of ComputingNational University of Computer and Emerging SciencesIslamabad44000Pakistan

Machine Learning(ML)-based prediction and classification systems employ data and learning algorithms to forecast target ***,improving predictive accuracy is a crucial step for informed *** the healthcare domain,data are available in the form of genetic profiles and clinical characteristics to build prediction models for complex tasks like cancer detection or *** ML algorithms,Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs)are considered the most suitable framework for many classification *** network weights and the activation functions are the two crucial elements in the learning process of an *** weights affect the prediction ability and the convergence efficiency of the *** traditional settings,ANNs assign random weights to the *** research aims to develop a learning system for reliable cancer prediction by initializing more realistic weights computed using a supervised setting instead of random *** proposed learning system uses hybrid and traditional machine learning techniques such as Support Vector Machine(SVM),Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA),Random Forest(RF),k-Nearest Neighbour(kNN),and ANN to achieve better accuracy in colon and breast cancer *** system computes the confusion matrix-based metrics for traditional and proposed *** proposed framework attains the highest accuracy of 89.24 percent using the colon cancer dataset and 72.20 percent using the breast cancer dataset,which outperforms the other *** results show that the proposed learning system has higher predictive accuracies than conventional classifiers for each dataset,overcoming previous research ***,the proposed framework is of use to predict and classify cancer patients ***,this will facilitate the effective management of cancer patients.

关键词： ANN decision support systems gene-expression data hybrid classification machine learning predictive analytics

Intestinal protozoa and intestinal helminthic infections among schoolchildren in Central Sudan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第4期3卷 292-293页

作者： Abdel-aziz M.ahmed Azam A.Afifi Elfatih M.malik Ishag Adam University of Khartoum Sudan Preventive Medicine Federal Ministry of HealthSudan

Objective:To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and soil-transmitted helminths(STHs) among primary schoolchildren in El dhayga,Central ***:In this cross-sectional study,three fresh faecal samples were collected from each child,which were examined by direct wet mount,brine flotation,formalin-ether and Kato-Katz *** intensity of each STH infection was expressed as the mean of eggs per gram counts of the three ***:In total,142(90.4%) of 157 children harboured at least one type of intestinal *** lumbricoides,Hymenolepis nana,Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were the most common parasites found,with prevalence rates of 32.5%,30.6%,33.1%and 19.7%,*** of these 157 children,29(18.5%) harboured more than two intestinal parasitic *** cases of Schistosoma mansoni or Enterobius vermicularis were identified. Conclusions:The study demonstrates significant burden of intestinal protozoa and STH infections in this part of Sudan and highlights the need for preventive and intervention measures.

关键词： Schoolchildern Helminthes Intestinal Protozoa Sudan

Brain Tumor Segmentation using Multi-View Attention based Ensemble Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 5793-5806页

作者： Noreen Mushtaq Arfat Ahmad Khan Faizan ahmed Khan Muhammad Junaid Ali malik Muhammad Ali Shahid Chitapong Wechtaisong Peerapong Uthansakul COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Campus45550Pakistan Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima30000Thailand COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus54000Pakistan Virtual University of Pakistan Islamabad Campus45550Pakistan COMSATS University Islamabad Vehari Campus61100Pakistan

Astrocytoma IV or glioblastoma is one of the fatal and dangerous types of brain *** detection of brain tumor increases the survival rate and helps in reducing the fatality *** imaging modalities have been used for diagnosing by expert radiologists,and Medical Resonance Image(MRI)is considered a better option for detecting brain tumors as MRI is a non-invasive technique and provides better visualization of the brain *** of the challenging issues is to identify the tumorous region from the MRI scans *** segmentation is performed by medical experts,which is a time-consuming task and got chances of *** overcome this issue,automatic segmentation is performed for quick and accurate *** proposed approach is to capture inter-slice information and reduce the *** learning-based brain tumor segmentation techniques proved best among available segmentation ***,deep learning may miss some preliminary info while using MRI images during *** MRI volumes are volumetric,3D U-Net-based models are used but *** of multiple 2D U-Net predictions in axial,sagittal,and coronal views help to capture inter-slice *** approach may reduce the system ***,the Conditional Random Fields(CRF)reduce the predictions’false positives and improve the segmentation *** model is applied to Brain Tumor Segmentation(BraTS)2019 dataset,and cross-validation is performed to check the accuracy of *** proposed approach achieves Dice Similarity Score(DSC)of 0.77 on Enhancing Tumor(ET),0.90 on Whole Tumor(WT),and 0.84 on Tumor Core(TC)with reduced Hausdorff Distance(HD)of 3.05 on ET,5.12 on WT and 3.89 on TC.

关键词： Brain tumor deep learning detection conditional random field segmentation

Differential gene expression of chemokines in KRAS and BRAF mutated colorectal cell lines:Role of cytokines

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第11期20卷 2979-2994页

作者： Sajjad Khan Silke Cameron Martina Blaschke Federico Moriconi Naila Naz Ahmad Amanzada Giuliano Ramadori Ihtzaz ahmed malik Clinic of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology University Medical CenterRobert-Koch-Str. 4037075 GoettingenGermany

AIM: To study KRAS/BRAF mutations in colorectal-cancer (CRC) that influences the efficacy of treatment. To develop strategies for overcoming combination of treatment.

关键词： Colorectal-cancer, KRAS, BRAF, CXCL1 (GROα ), CXCL10 (IP-10), CXCL8 (IL-8), Tumor necrosis factor-α , Interleukin-1β , Interferon-γ , siRNA

Solid state reaction for the formation of spinel MgFe_2O_4 across perovskite oxide interface

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2017年第9期60卷 80-84页

作者： Iftikhar ahmed malik XiaoXing Ke Xin Liu ChuanShou Wang XueYun Wang Rizwan Ullah ChuangYe Song Jing Wang JinXing Zhang Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of Technology Department of Physics University of Science and Technology Beijing

Solid state reaction is a conventional method to synthesize structurally stable inorganic solids by mixing powdered reactants together at high pressure （over 1 x 105 mbar （1 mbar = 100 Pa）） and high temperature （over 1300 K） [1-4]. This method is effective and sophisticated to prepare solid mate- rials, especially the functional complex oxides such as high temperature superconductors, piezoelectrics, dielectrics, etc. However, the chemical reactions cannot be intrinsically con- trolled and integrated at an atomic level in order to achieve the applications of future thin film devices with reduced dimensions [5]. With the desire of designing high-quality products with the micro/nanoscale integration, many pow- erful physical techniques, such as, pulsed-laser deposition （PLD）, molecular beam epitaxy （MBE）, sputtering deposi- tion, etc., have experienced enormous development due to their ability of lattice and/or interfacial controls. Using these growth techniques, layer-by-layer deposition （multilayer and/or superlattice） can be achieved, providing us a platform to tune the crystal structures at an atomic level by controlling the interfacial terminations and epitaxial strain, which are absent in their bulk counterparts [6-8]. From this point of view, well-controlled interfacial structures may also provide the solid state reaction at an atomic level during the physical depositions, which provides us an effective way to design the desired products from the chemical bonding reconstruction.

关键词：固相反应界面形成钙钛矿型氧化物 MgFe2O4 尖晶石脉冲激光沉积高温超导体控制界面

Copper Ion Beam Irradiation-Induced Effects on Structural,Morphological and Optical Properties of Tin Dioxide Nanowires

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Chinese Physics Letters 2016年第7期33卷 178-181页

作者： M.A.Khan A.Qayyum I.ahmed T.Iqbal A.A.Khan R.Waleed B.Mohuddin M.malik Department of Physics University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir National Center of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Campus UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology College of Graduate StudiesUniversity of South Africa Nanosciences African Network iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation

The 0.8 Me V copper （ Cu） ion beam irradiation-induced effects on structural, morphological and optical properties of tin dioxide nanowires （Sn02 NWs） are investigated. The samples are irradiated at three different doses 5 × 10^12 ions/cm2, 1 ×10^13 ions/cm2 and 5 × 10^13 ions/em2 at room temperature. The XRD analysis shows that the tetragonal phase of Sn02 NWs remains stable after Cu ion irradiation, but with increasing irradiation dose level the crystal size increases due to ion beam induced coalescence of NWs. The FTIR spectra of pristine Sn02 NWs exhibit the chemical composition of SnO2 while the Cn-O bond is also observed in the FTIR spectra after Cu ion beam irradiation. The presence of Cu impurity in SnO2 is further confirmed by calculating the stopping range of Cu ions by using TRM/SRIM code. Optical properties of SnO2 NWs are studied before and after Cu ion irradiation. Band gap analysis reveMs that the band gap of irradiated samples is found to decrease compared with the pristine sample. Therefore, ion beam irradiation is a promising technology for nanoengineering and band gap tailoring.

关键词： of cm Copper Ion Beam Irradiation-Induced Effects on Structural,Morphological and Optical Properties of Tin Dioxide Nanowires in is that for been on