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Iatrogenic bile duct injuries:Etiology,diagnosis and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第33期15卷 4097-4104页

作者： Beata Jab■ońska Pawe■ Lampe Department of Digestive Tract Surgery University Hospital of the Medical University of Silesia

Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (IBDI) remain an important problem in gastrointestinal surgery. They are most frequently caused by laparoscopic cholecystectomy which is one of the commonest surgical procedures in the world. The early and proper diagnosis of IBDI is very important for surgeons and gastroenterologists, because unrecognized IBDI lead to serious complications such as biliary cirrhosis, hepatic failure and death. Laboratory and radiological investigations play an important role in the diagnosis of biliary injuries. There are many classifications of IBDI. The most popular and simple classification of IBDI is the Bismuth scale. Endoscopic techniques are recommended for initial treatment of IBDI. When endoscopic treatment is not effective, surgical management is considered. Different surgical reconstructions are performed in patients with IBDI. According to the literature, Roux- en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is the most frequent surgical reconstruction and recommended by most authors. In the opinion of some authors, a more physiological and equally effective type of reconstruction is end- to-end ductal anastomosis. Long term results are the most important in the assessment of the effectiveness of IBDI treatment. There are a few classifications for the long term results in patients treated for IBDI; the Terblanche scale, based on clinical biliary symptoms, is regarded as the most useful classification. Proper diagnosis and treatment of IBDI may avoid many serious complications and improve quality of life.

关键词： Iatrogenic disease Biliary drainage Bile ducts Cholecystectomy Roux-en-Y anastomosis Surgical injuries Surgical anastomosis

SENSITIVITY oF DARCY'S LAW To DISCoNTINUITIES

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2003年第2期24卷 205-214页

作者： C.BERNARDI o.PIRoNNEAU Laboratoie Jacques-Louis Lions Universite Paris VI-CNRSFrance.Laboratorie Jacques-Louis LionsUniversite Paris VI-IUFFrance.

The authors investigate the sensitivity of hydrostatic pressure of flows through porous media with respect to the position of the soil layers. Indeed, these induce discontinuities of the porosity which is a piecewise constant coefficient K of the partial differential equation satisfied by the pressure u and it leads to the computation of the derivative of u with respect to changes in position of discontinuity surface of K.The analysis relies on a mixed formulation of the problem. Preliminary numerical simulations are given to illustrate the theory. An application to a simple inverse problem is also given.

关键词： Partial differential equations Flow through porous media Sensitivity Darcy's equation Topological optimization

Fungal contamination of crude herbal remedies as a possible source of mycotoxin exposure in man

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 38-43页

作者： o.G.oyero A.o.B.oyefolu Microbiology Unit Department of BiologyThe PolytechnicIbadanOyo StateNigeria Department of Microbiology Lagos State UniversityOjoLagos StateNigeria

objective:The documented evidence of toxigenic fungi and their toxic metabolites on medicinal plants,coupled with the ability of these toxins to resist decomposition and temperature treatments necessitated this study,with a view of surveying for a possible carry over into the final medicinal *** such popular indigenous crude herbal preparations widely consumed for various ailments in south-western Nigeria,were screened for fungal contamination,mycoflora enumeration,flora mycotoxin productibility,detection and quantification of a potent human carcinogen(aflatoxin). Methods:Fungal contamination was assessed on acidified potato dextrose agar using the plate count method, while mycotoxin detection,extraction and quantification were achieved by the thin - layer chromatography and chemical confirmation *** were characterized by standard ***:The total plate count ranged from 1.80×10~4 CFU/ML to 1.1×10~5 CFU/ML and 2.00×10~3 CFU/ML to 1.38×10~5 CFU/ML for water and dry gin extracted preparations *** mycoflora consisted of six genera(Aspergillus,Penicillium,Fusarium, Mucor,Alternaria and Rhizopus).Thirty-four percent(34%) of the potential toxigenic species(Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium) produced mycotoxins in culture,while further characterization indicated production of aflatoxin Bl(42%),ochratoxin A(50%) and penicillic acid(8%) by the mycotoxigenic strains respectively. The aflatoxin content of the herbal medicines ranged between 0.004μg/kg and 0.345μg/***:The study confirmed the carry over of the fungal contaminants and their toxic metabolites into the final herbal medicines in quantities that exceeded some of the available *** implication of this is that the chronic exposure to mycotoxins particularly aflatoxins as a result of long term consumption of these preparations,could lead to impaired growth, nutritional interference,immunologic suppression and hepatocellular carcinoma in the consumers.

关键词： Contamination Drug safety Mycoflora Mycotoxins Herbal medicines

Mimicking the physical cues of the ECM in angiogenic biomaterials

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第2期6卷 61-73页

作者： Cody o.Crosby Janet Zoldan Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78751USA

A functional microvascular system is imperative to build and maintain healthy *** microvasculature results in ischemia,thereby limiting the tissue’s intrinsic regeneration ***,the ability to regenerate microvascular networks is key to the development of effective cardiovascular *** stimulate the formation of new microvasculature,researchers have focused on fabricating materials that mimic the angiogenic properties of the native extracellular matrix(ECM).Here,we will review biomaterials that seek to imitate the physical cues that are natively provided by the ECM to encourage the formation of microvasculature in engineered constructs and ischemic tissue in the body.

关键词： angiogenesis biomaterial–cell interaction materials signal vascular

Antibacterial potency of methanol extracts of lower plants

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2007年第3期8卷 189-191页

作者： oJo o.o. AJAYI A.o. ANIBIJUWoN I.I. Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science University of Ado-Ekiti Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State 234030 Nigeria

Antibacterial potency of methanol extracts of three green lower plants, Pneumatopteris afra, Platycerium bifurcatum and Nephrolepsis bisserata was determined using agar dilution method on clinical strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp. and Salmomelia typhi. Antibacterial activities were observed at concentrations of 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 μg/ml. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 12.5~100 μg/ml. Extracts of P. afra and P. bifurcatum were most active. Antibacterial activities observed with N. bisserata were less pronounced with no detectable activity at extract con-centrations of 12.5 and 25.0 μg/ml. E. coli, together with S. aureus appeared to be the most susceptible of the test bacteria while Klebsiella spp. was least sensitive. The significance of our findings is discussed.

关键词： Lower plants Extracts Antibacterial activity MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)

Multi-bump positive solutions for a logarithmic Schrödinger equation with deepening potential well

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Science China Mathematics 2022年第8期65卷 1577-1598页

作者： Claudianor o.Alves Chao Ji Unidade Acadêmica de Matemática Universidade Federal de Campina GrandeCampina Grande 58429-900Brazil Department of Mathematics East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

This article concerns the existence of multi-bump positive solutions for the following logarithmic Schrödinger equation:{−Δu+λV(x)u=ulogu^(2)inRN,u∈H^(1)(R^(N)),where N≥1,⋋>0 is a parameter and the nonnegative continuous function V:ℝ^(N)→ℝhas potential wellΩ:=int V^(−1)(0)which possesses k disjoint bounded componentsΩ=∪^(k)_(j)=1Ω_(j).Using the variational methods,we prove that if the parameter⋋>0 is large enough,then the equation has at least 2^(k)−1 multi-bump positive solutions.

关键词： variational methods logarithmic Schrödinger equation multi-bump solutions deepening potential well

Uncertainty quantification in the Permian Basin using conventional and modified bootstrap methodology

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Petroleum Research 2023年第4期8卷 439-454页

作者： Chukwuemeka o.okoli Scott D.Goddard obadare o.Awoleke Department of Petroleum Engineering University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks99775AlaskaUSA National Energy Technology Laboratory 1450 Queen Avenue SWAlbany97321OregonUSA Department of Mathematics&Statistics University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks99775AlaskaUSA

Various uncertainty quantification methodologies are presented using a combination of several deter-ministic decline curve analysis models and two bootstrapping *** probabilistic models are applied to 126 sample wells from the Permian *** are presented for 12-72 months of pro-duction hindcast given an average well production history of 103 *** on the coverage rate and the forecast error(with the coverage rate being more significant in our choice of the best probabilistic models)and using up to one-half of the available production history for a group of sample wells from the Permian Basin,we find that the CBM-SEPD combination is the best probabilistic model for the Central Basin Platform,the MBM-Arps combination is the best probabilistic model for the Delaware Basin,the CBM-Arps is the best probabilistic model for the Midland Basin,and the best probabilistic model for the overall Permian Basin is the CBM-Arps when early time data is used as hindcast and CBM-SEPD for when one-quarter to one-half of the data is used as *** three-quarters or more of the available production history is used for analysis,the MBM-SEPD probabilistic model is the best combination in terms of both coverage rate and forecast error for all the sub-basins in the *** novelty of this work lies in its extension of bootstrapping methods to other decline curve analysis *** work also offers the engineer guidance on the best choice of probabilistic model whilst attempting to forecast production from the Permian Basin.

关键词： Uncertainty quantification Machine learning Bootstrapping Reservoir forecasting Frequentist probabilistic models

Solar Geoengineering to Reduce Global Warming—The outlook Remains Cloudy

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Engineering 2022年第2期8卷 6-9页

作者： Sean o’Neill Senior Technology Writer

In March 2021,Australia’s Great Barrier Reef played host to a rare field test of marine cloud brightening(MCB)*** a seawater mist into the air from the aft of a research ves-sel using a turbine outfitted with novel spray nozzles,researchers watched the resulting white plume rise into the sky(Fig.1)[1].over the last five years,the Reef has suffered multiple mass bleaching events because of ocean warming caused by climate change[2].The MCB project,led by senior lecturer Daniel Harrison of Southern Cross University,Coffs Harbour,Australia,is part of the Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program[3],a government-backed research and development initiative that aims to“develop,test and risk-assess novel interventions to help keep the Reef resilient.”

关键词： Solar warming ocean

Laboratory evaluation of the toxic properties of forest anchomanes, Anchomanes difformis against pulse beetle Callosobruchus maculatus （Coleoptera： Bruchidae）

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Insect Science 2006年第1期13卷 25-29页

作者： RoTIMI o. AKINKURoLERE CHRIS o. ADEDIRE oLUSoLA o oDEYEMI Institute of Urban Pest College of Plant Protection and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan China Food Storage Technology Programme Department of Biology Federal University of Technology P. M. B. 704 Akure Nigeria

Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the efficacy of crude stem extracts of forest anchomanes, Anchomanes difformis （P. Beauv.） a plant occurring in West African forests, against the pulse beetle Callosobruchus maculattts （Fabricius）. Crude stem extracts at 3% concentration showed high contact toxicity to adult beetles within 24 h after application, while it was moderately toxic to the beetles at the lowest （1%） concentration. At the highest application rate, the plant extract provided good protection to grains stored for 90 days. Grain viability and water absorption capacity were not affected by treatments with ethanol extracts ofA. difformis. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to biopesticide-means of controlling cowpea bruchids.

关键词： Anchomanes difformis biopesticides CaUosobruchus maculatus viability