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Human Kallikrein-2 and Free Prostate Specific Antigen as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, Sudan: A Case-Control Study

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2023年第1期13卷 9-21页

作者： osman khalid yousif Badreldin Elsonni Abdalla Mohammed Alimam M. Ahmed Sami Mahjoub Taha Ahmed Al Siddiq Ebraheem Muawia Mohamed Ahmed Elhadi Abdalla Ahmed Departmentof Biochemistry and Nutrition Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Basic Sciences Department Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered one of the major health threats facing males in Sudan. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is the most important laboratory test used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the main disadvantage of PSA is its limited specificity, which triggered a lot of interest in development, more research on other markers such as serum human kallikrein-2 (KLK-2) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA). Objectives: To evaluate the validity of serum kallikrein-2 (KLK-2) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) in the early detection of prostate cancer among Sudanese patients. Method: In this study seventy men were considered as a case subject, who were diagnosed as cancer prostate at Gezira Hospital for Renal Disease and Surgery (GHRDS), Sudan during the period February 2018 to July 2019. Randomly selected sixty patients of BPH patients and forty-five apparently healthy men as control subject. KLK-2, fPSA and PSA estimations were performed from serum samples using the principle of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The results revealed a highly significant difference between the serum levels individual biomarkers (KLK-2, fPSA, PSA) and multiple biomarkers (fPSA/PSA, KLK-2/fPSA, KLK-2/PSA) for patients with prostate cancer when compared with the control groups. Furthermore, the fPSA/PSA ratio was lower in the patients with prostate cancer (P value = 0.00) than in the control group, the fPSA/PSA ratio showed that best accuracy to differentiate prostate cancer from control group, fPSA cut-off value was found to be more than (18 ng/ml), with sensitivity (93%), specificity (80%), and odds ratio (55). Conclusions: The use of multiple biomarkers rather than individual biomarkers especially fPSA/PSA ratio improves the specificity as well as maintenance of higher sensitivity for early diagnosis of the prostate cancer.

关键词： Kallikrein-2 PSA fPSA Prostate Cancer Sudan

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Structural, electronic, and optical studies of chalcogenides stannite Cu_(2)CdSnX_(4)(X=S, Se, and Te): insights from the DFT study

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第2期21卷 69-76页

作者： Jamal GUERROUM Mohamed AL-HATTAB Lhoucine MOUDOU khalid RAHMANI Youssef LACHTIOUI Omar BAJJOU Laboratory of Engineering in Chemistry and Physics of Matter Faculty of Sciences and TechnicsSultan Moulay Slimane UniversityBeni Mellal BP 52323000Morocco Ecole Normale Supérieure Mohammed V University in RabatMorocco College of Graduate Studies University of South AfricaPretoriaSouth Africa

In this paper,we have calculated the structural,electronic,and optical properties of chalcogenide stannite Cu_(2)CdSnX4(X=S,Se,Te) *** calculations are based on the density functional theory (DFT) method and are performed using the Cambridge sequential total energy package (CASTEP) code included in the Biovia Material Studio 20 *** optical properties have been studied in a domain that extends energetically from 10 meV to 40 *** results show that Cu_(2)CdSnX4(X=S,Se,Te) stannite exhibits absorption in the visible region,the refractive index decreases with increasing energy,and the refractive index values are n=3.2,3.73 and 3.75 for Cu_(2)CdSnS_(4),Cu_(2)CdSnSe_(4)and Cu_(2)CdSnTe_(4),*** show also high conductivity,which implies that this material is promising for solar *** results argue in favor of the use of these materials in various potential *** density of state,band structures,and structural properties of Cu_(2)CdSnX4(X=S,Se,and Te) stannite are also studied in this work.

关键词： materials electronic refractive

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Combined Architecture of Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) Routing with Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Blockchain in Cyber-Physical Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2311-2330页

作者： Jawad Ahmad Ansari Mohamad Khairi Ishak khalid Ammar School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering CampusUniversiti Sains MalaysiaNibong TebalPulau Pinang11800Malaysia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Information TechnologyAjman UniversityAjman346United Arab Emirates

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) devices are increasing exponentially. Lacking confidentiality creates a vulnerable network. Thus, demanding the overall system with the latest and robust solutions for the defence mechanisms with low computation cost, increased integrity, and surveillance. The proposal of a mechanism that utilizes the features of authenticity measures using the Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol which applies to the multi-WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) of IoT devices in CPS which is developed for the Device-to-Device (D2D) authentication developed from the local-chain and public chain respectively combined with the Software Defined Networking (SDN) control and monitoring system using switches and controllers that will route the packets through the network, identify any false nodes, take preventive measures against them and preventing them for any future problems. Next, the system is powered by Blockchain cryptographic features by utilizing the TrustChain features to create a private, secure, and temper-free ledger of the transactions performed inside the network. Results are achieved in the legitimate devices connecting to the network, transferring their packets to their destination under supervision, reporting whenever a false node is causing hurdles, and recording the transactions for temper-proof records. Evaluation results based on 1000+ transactions illustrate that the proposed mechanism not only outshines most aspects of Cyber-Physical systems but also consumes less computation power with a low latency of 0.1 seconds only.

关键词： DSDV intelligent authentication SDN control&monitoring blockchain recording of transactions

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Solitary Osteolytic Bone Metastatic Lesion from Prostate Carcinoma: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Urology 2025年第1期15卷 19-25页

作者： Sumaiya Al Siyabi Noor Muhammad Fazaldad khalid Al Busaidi Department of Nuclear Royal Hospital Muscat Sultanate of Oman Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB) Muscat Sultanate of Oman

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among males worldwide and a common cause of cancer related mortality in males. Bone metastasis from prostate cancer is common in advanced stage disease leading to major complications including severe bone pain and fractures. Here, we present a case of 79-year-old male newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer, with metastasis to the lungs, liver and lymph nodes, and a solitary osteolytic bone metastasis seen in bone scan. It is well known that osseous metastasis from prostate cancer is primarily sclerotic, although lytic bone metastasis is rare, but it can also be seen as in our case.

关键词： Prostate Cancer Osteolytic Osseous Metastasis Bone Scan

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Decoding molecular mechanisms:brain aging and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2279-2299页

作者： Mahnoor Hayat Rafay Ali Syed Hammad Qaiser Mohammad Uzair khalid Al-Regaiey Roaa Khallaf Lubna Abdullah Mohammed Albassam Imdad Kaleem Xueyi Wang Ran Wang Mehwish SBhatti Shahid Bashir Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad(IIUI)IslamabadPakistan Department of Bioengineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia Department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South(COMSATS University)IslamabadPakistan Department of Psychiatry The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University ShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital DammamDammamSaudi Arabia

The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for *** aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's *** these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging *** these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect *** review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease brain aging cognitive health dementia molecular mechanisms neuronal activity neuroplasticity neurotransmission

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Comparative Analysis of Dietary Fat Intake among Female University Students in Riyadh: A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Health Sciences versus Non-Health Sciences Disciplines

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 74-94页

作者： Tarfa Albrahim Ahmad T. Almnaizel Nouf Alroqaiba Alhanouf Mohammed Alhawwas Hala Ali Domari Lujain khalid Almasri Wafa khalid Alotaibi Huda Khalifah Almutairi Rasha Alshaalan Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran Saudi Arabia

Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pathophysiological pathway frequently involves either (or a combination of) elevated serum cholesterol levels, predominantly attributed to dietary patterns characterized by extremely high levels of saturated and trans-fat consumption. Day-to-day nutritional epidemiology among university students suggests that they represent a crucial demographic for the study of preventive interventions. Objective: This in-depth study and investigation were specifically aimed to quantitatively assess and compare prevailing patterns of dietary fat consumption between female students enrolled in health sciences and non-health sciences programs at major universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 434 Saudi female university students (age range: 18 - 25 years), utilizing a validated Block Dietary Fat Screener accompanied by anthropometric measurements and comprehensive demographic data collection. The sampling methodology consisted of a snowball technique that was spread across three major academic institutions in Riyadh. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between academic specialization and patterns of dietary fat consumption (p = 0.012). Paradoxically, students of health science exhibited a higher prevalence of very high fat intake (41.9%) compared with their non-health sciences counterparts (27.6%). Surprisingly, anthropometric stratification revealed that it was the underweight students who demonstrated very high levels of fat consumption. A notable socioeconomic gradient was observed, with students from households earning 15,000 - 20,000 SR monthly showing the highest prevalence of very high-fat consumption (47.1%), although this association did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.104

关键词： Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Dietary Fat Consumption Patterns Female University Students Health Sciences Education Nutritional Epidemiology Saudi Arabia

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Collaborative Detection and Prevention of Sybil Attacks against RPL-Based Internet of Things

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 827-843页

作者： Muhammad Ali Khan Rao Naveed Bin Rais osman khalid Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabadPakistan Artificial Intelligence Research Center(AIRC) Ajman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates

The Internet of Things(IoT)comprises numerous resource-constrained devices that generate large volumes of *** inherent vulnerabilities in IoT infrastructure,such as easily spoofed IP and MAC addresses,pose significant security *** routing protocols designed for wired or wireless networks may not be suitable for IoT networks due to their ***,the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks(RPL)is widely used in IoT ***,the built-in security mechanism of RPL is inadequate in defending against sophisticated routing attacks,including Sybil *** address these issues,this paper proposes a centralized and collaborative approach for securing RPL-based IoT against Sybil *** proposed approach consists of detection and prevention algorithms based on the Random Password Generation and comparison methodology(RPG).The detection algorithm verifies the passwords of communicating nodes before comparing their keys and constant IDs,while the prevention algorithm utilizes a delivery delay ratio to restrict the participation of sensor nodes in *** simulations,it is demonstrated that the proposed approach achieves better results compared to distributed defense mechanisms in terms of throughput,average delivery delay and detection ***,the proposed countermeasure effectively mitigates brute-force and side-channel attacks in addition to Sybil *** findings suggest that implementing the RPG-based detection and prevention algorithms can provide robust security for RPL-based IoT networks.

关键词： RPL Internet of Things RPG Sybil attack

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Influence of graphene nanoplatelets on mechanical properties and adhesive wear performance of epoxy-based composites

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Friction 2021年第4期9卷 856-875页

作者： K.Y.EAYAL AWWAD B.F.yousif Khosro FALLAHNEZHAD khalid SALEH Xuesen ZENG Faculty of Health Engineering and SciencesUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLDAustralia Centre for Future Materials University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLDAustralia School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Epoxy resin is one of the most widely used thermoset polymers in high-performance composite materials for lightweight ***,epoxy has a high coefficient of friction,which limits its tribological *** this study,the effect was investigated of different weight fractions of solid lubricant graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs),ranging from 0 to 4.5 wt%,on mechanical and adhesive wear performance of *** wear tests covered mild and severe wear *** correlation of tribological and mechanical properties was studied as *** electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe the failure mechanisms for both tribological and mechanical samples after each *** results revealed that the addition of GNPs to the epoxy improved its stiffness and hardness but reduced its fracture strength and *** wear performance exhibited high efficiency with GNP additions and showed reductions in the specific wear rate,the coefficient of friction,and the induced interface temperature by 76%,37%,and 22%,respectively.A fatigue wear mechanism was predominant as the applied load *** importantly,severe wear signs occurred when the interface temperature reached the heat distortion temperature of the *** tribological,and mechanical properties showed only a weak correlation to each *** addition of GNPs to epoxy by less than 4.5 wt%was highly efficient to improve the wear performance while maintaining the fracture strength and *** transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)analysis shows no chemical interaction between the epoxy matrix with GNPs,which implies its physical interaction.

关键词： graphene nanoplatelets epoxy adhesive wear solid lubricants

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A V2I communication-based pipeline model for adaptive urban traffic light scheduling

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2019年第5期13卷 929-942页

作者： Libing WU Lei NIE Samee U. KHAN osman khalid Dan WU School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430065 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Dakota State University Fargo USA COMS ATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Pakistan School of Computer Science University of Windsor Windsor Ontario Canada

Adaptive traffic light scheduling based on realtime traffic information processing has proven effective for urban traffic congestion management. However, fine-grained information regarding individual vehicles is difficult to acquire through traditional data collection techniques and its accuracy cannot be guaranteed because of congestion and harsh environments. In this study, we first build a pipeline model based on vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, which is a salient technique in vehicular adhoc networks. This model enables the acquisition of fine-grained and accurate traffic information in real time via message exchange between vehicles and roadside units. We then propose an intelligent traffic light scheduling method (ITLM) based on a “demand assignment” principle by considering the types and turning intentions of vehicles. In the context of this principle, a signal phase with more vehicles will be assigned a longer green time. Furthermore, a green-way traffic light scheduling method (GTLM) is investigated for special vehicles (e.g., ambulances and fire engines) in emergency scenarios. Signal states will be adjusted or maintained by the traffic light control system to keep special vehicles moving along smoothly. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the ITLM reduces average wait time by 34%-78% and average stop frequency by 12%-34% in the context of traffic management. The GTLM reduces travel time by 22%^44% and 30%-55% under two types of traffic conditions and achieves optimal performance in congested scenarios.

关键词： traffic light scheduling vehicular ad hoc networks pipeline model vehicle-to-infrastructure communication intersection

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Potable Water under Pressure: Effects of the Syrian Crisis and Recent Drought on Northwest Syria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2025年第1期17卷 1-13页

作者： Omar Atik Anas Alkaddour Ibrahim Mahmoud khalid Al Hasan Ahmad Nabhan Hani Jazieh Anisha Nijhawan Francesca Pianosi Shafak Organization Gaziantep Trkiye Cara Organization London UK Global Communities Organization Gaziantep Trkiye School of Civil Aerospace and Design Engineering University of Bristol Bristol UK

The study investigates the impact of the Syrian crisis and the recent drought on the potable water situation in Northwest Syria, comparing various aspects of water availability and quality before and after 2011. 380 key-informants were surveyed, including water-well owners, well-digging companies, water-trucking suppliers, agricultural pharmacies, and service offices within local councils. The surveys covered all nine districts in northwestern Syria across the Aleppo and the Idleb governorates. The survey findings reveal significant shifts in water sources, an almost halving in water availability and per capita consumption, and a notable decrease in water quality. Coping mechanisms include random well drilling and reduced hygiene practices. Water pumping stations face challenges with functionality, and there is a shift towards clean energy sources, particularly solar energy. Challenges identified by the survey respondents include drought, fuel costs, and damaged water networks. The study highlights the urgency of addressing the potable water crisis in Northwest Syria and suggests specific interventions to enhance water sustainability and governance.

关键词： Water Potable Crisis Drought Northwest Syria

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