Human Kallikrein-2 and Free Prostate Specific Antigen as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, Sudan: A Case-Control Study

作     者：Osman Khalid Yousif Badreldin Elsonni Abdalla Mohammed Alimam M. Ahmed Sami Mahjoub Taha Ahmed Al Siddiq Ebraheem Muawia Mohamed Ahmed Elhadi Abdalla Ahmed Osman Khalid Yousif;Badreldin Elsonni Abdalla;Mohammed Alimam M. Ahmed;Sami Mahjoub Taha;Ahmed Al Siddiq Ebraheem;Muawia Mohamed Ahmed;Elhadi Abdalla Ahmed

作者机构：Departmentof Biochemistry and Nutrition Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Basic Sciences Department Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan 

出 版 物：《Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics》 (临床诊断学期刊（英文）)

年 卷 期：2023年第13卷第1期

页      面：9-21页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Kallikrein-2 PSA fPSA Prostate Cancer Sudan 

摘      要：Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered one of the major health threats facing males in Sudan. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is the most important laboratory test used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the main disadvantage of PSA is its limited specificity, which triggered a lot of interest in development, more research on other markers such as serum human kallikrein-2 (KLK-2) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA). Objectives: To evaluate the validity of serum kallikrein-2 (KLK-2) and free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) in the early detection of prostate cancer among Sudanese patients. Method: In this study seventy men were considered as a case subject, who were diagnosed as cancer prostate at Gezira Hospital for Renal Disease and Surgery (GHRDS), Sudan during the period February 2018 to July 2019. Randomly selected sixty patients of BPH patients and forty-five apparently healthy men as control subject. KLK-2, fPSA and PSA estimations were performed from serum samples using the principle of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The results revealed a highly significant difference between the serum levels individual biomarkers (KLK-2, fPSA, PSA) and multiple biomarkers (fPSA/PSA, KLK-2/fPSA, KLK-2/PSA) for patients with prostate cancer when compared with the control groups. Furthermore, the fPSA/PSA ratio was lower in the patients with prostate cancer (P value = 0.00) than in the control group, the fPSA/PSA ratio showed that best accuracy to differentiate prostate cancer from control group, fPSA cut-off value was found to be more than (18 ng/ml), with sensitivity (93%), specificity (80%), and odds ratio (55). Conclusions: The use of multiple biomarkers rather than individual biomarkers especially fPSA/PSA ratio improves the specificity as well as maintenance of higher sensitivity for early diagnosis of the prostate cancer.