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Sensory denervation with capsaicin reduces ovarian follicular development and delays the onset of puberty in guinea pigs

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2013年第3期1卷 29-37页

作者： Victorino Alatriste Irma Herrera-Camacho María I. Martínez Ilhicamina D. limón oscar González-Flores Félix luna Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal UAT-CINVESTAV Tlaxcala México Centro de Química ICUAP Puebla México Departamento de Farmacia FCQ-BUAP Puebla México

Introduction: It has been documented that mammalian ovaries receive sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nerve fibers. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of sensory denervation with capsaicin at the first vaginal opening (FVO) on follicular development and the expression of TRPV1 receptors in ovary cells as well as in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and lumbar dorsal spinal cord neurons of guinea pigs. The DRGs and lumbar dorsal spinal cord neurons serve as a nerve connection from the ovaries to the CNS. Materials and Methods: Female guinea pigs received a subcutaneous injection of capsaicin (30 mM) at 10 days of age (P10), while control animals were injected with vehicle. Using light microscopy, we counted healthy preantral follicles (HPF), healthy antral follicles (HAF), atretic preantral follicles (APF), and atretic antral follicles (AAF) in the ovaries at the FVO, and the numbers of TRPV1-positive cells were counted in the ovarian follicles, DRGs, and lumbar dorsal spinal cord (l2-l4) neurons by immunohistochemistry. Results: Guinea pigs treated with capsaicin showed a significant delay of FVO in comparison with the control animals (36 vs. 44 days). In the ovaries, the number of preantral and antral follicles decreased significantly. Additionally, the number of TRPV1-positive thecainterstitial cells of the antral follicles was reduced significantly, and the number of TRPV1-positive neurons in the DRGs and lumbar dorsal spinal cord (l2-l4) decreased. Thus, we showed that TRPV1 receptors throughout the sensory fibers modulate ovarian follicular development and the onset of puberty in guinea pigs. Conclusion: Sensory denervation decreases ovarian follicular development and delays the onset of puberty of guinea pigs. Our data support the idea that through TRPV1 receptors, ovarian afferent fibers sense local stimuli that are sent to the CNS.

关键词： TRPV1 Receptors Capsaicin DRG Spinal Cord Ovary Guinea Pigs

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liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in Ireland:Pre-operative alpha-fetoprotein predicts tumour recurrence in a 14-year single-centre national experience

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World Journal of Transplantation 2016年第2期6卷 396-402页

作者： Donal B O'Connor John P Burke John Hegarty Aiden P McCormick Niamh Nolan Emir Hoti Donal Maguire Justin Geoghegan oscar Traynor Department of Surgery Trinity Centre for Health SciencesTallaght Hospital Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery St Vincent’s University Hospital National liver Transplant Programme St Vincent’s University Hospital Departments of Pathology St Vincent’s University Hospital

AIM: To examine the results of orthotopic liver transplantation(OlT) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in Ireland over a 14-year ***: Cases of HCC receiving OlT between January 1995 and September 2009 in the Irish liver Transplant Unit were reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Outcome measures included overall and recurrence free survival, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) and tumour pathological features. RESUlTS: On explant pathology, 57 patients had HCC. The median follow-up time was 42.7 mo. The overall 1, 3 and 5 years survival was 87.7%, 72.1% and 72.4%. There was no difference in survival when comparedto patients undergoing OlT without malignancy. The tumour recurrence rate was 14%. The Milan criteria were exceeded in 32% of cases but this did not predict overall survival or recurrence. On multivariate analysis pre-operative AFP > 100 ng/m l was an independent risk factor for recurrence(RR = 5.2, CI: 1.1-24.3, P = 0.036).CONClUSION: Patients undergoing OlT for HCC had excellent survival even when conventional listing criteria were exceeded. Pre-operative AFP predicts recurrence independent of tumour size and its role in selection criteria should be investigated in larger studies.

关键词： liver transplantation Alpha-fetoprotein Hepatocellular carcinoma Transplantation selection criteria liver cirrhosis

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<i>Jatropha curcas l</i>. and <i>J. macrocarpa</i>Griseb: Seed Morphology, Viability, Dormancy, Germination and Growth of Seedlings

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第9期9卷 1835-1854页

作者： Nancy E. de las M. Tavecchio Ana E. Vigliocco oscar A. Terenti Diego Wassner Herminda E. Reinoso Hilda E. Pedranzani laboratorio Fisiología Vegetal Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Nacional de San Luis Villa Mercedes Argentina Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Río Cuarto Argentina Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria INTA-SAN LUIS Villa Mercedes Argentina Departamento de Producción Vegetal Facultad de Agronomía Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia Universidad Nacional de San Luis San Luis Argentina

To achieve a good production of a crop, it is essential to know the ability of the species to successfully complete two critical stages in the life cycle such as germination and seedling establishment. In this paper we study in comparative form structure of the seed, the importance of tegument in dormancy, the effect of accelerated aging on seed germination and viability, and the early and late growth in J. curcas and J. macrocarpa. External morphology of the seeds allow difference and internally also the embryos show evident differences. J. macrocarpa germination is around 0% - 4%. The total removal of tegument showed a 50% increase and the other treatments between 0% - 10%. Aging accelerated by Tetrazolium test allowed a comparative analysis of VP and GP. J. curcas maintains both to 96 h, while J. macrocarpa the seed viability is registered along the all treatment. J. macrocarpa seeds have less synchronicity than those of J. curcas. ABA and JAs were detected in tegument of J. macrocarpa and J. curcas seeds. JA could have a roll in inhibition of germination of J. macrocarpa seeds. Early and late growth, FW and DW of root, hypocotyl, epicotyl and leaf of J. curcas were significantly different in both species.

关键词： Dormancy Germination Phytohormones Growth Seeds Viability

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 447-453页

作者： Kate Parker Anna Timperio Jo Salmon Karen Villanueva Helen Brown Irene Esteban-Cornejo Veronica Cabanas-Sánchez José Castro-Pinero David Sánchez-Oliva oscarl.Veiga School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition(IPAN)Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3220Australia Centre for Urban Research School of Global Urban and Social StudiesRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Department of PsychologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity(PROFITH)research group Department of Physical Education and SportsFaculty of Sport SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranada 18010Spain Department of Physical Education Sports and Human MovementAutonomous University of MadridMadrid 28049Spain Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure(CIAFEL)Faculty of SportUniversity of PortoPorto 4099-002Portugal Department of Physical Education Faculty of Education SciencesUniversity of CadizPuerto Real 11003Spain Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz(INiBICA) Cadiz 11003Spain

Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary *** physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different typologies is not *** study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children and adolescents with different baseline typologies of activity-related ***:In this longitudinal study(3 annual time points) of children(n=600,age=9.2±0.4 years(mean±SD),50.3% girls) and adolescents(n=1037,age=13.6±1.7 years,48.4% girls),participants were recruited in Spain in *** class analyses identified typologies based on self-reported screen,educational,social and relaxing sedentary behaviors,active travel,muscle strengthening activity,and sport at *** each typology,linear mixed growth models explored longitudinal changes in accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time,as well as time by class ***:Three typologies were identified among children( "social screenies",12.8%;"exercisers",61.5%;and "non-sporty active commuters",25.7%) and among adolescents "active screenies",43.5%;"active academics",35.0%;and "non-sporty active commuters",21.5%) at *** time increased within each typology among children and adolescents,with no significant differences between *** changes in physical activity were found in any typology among *** adolescents,physical activity declined within all typologies,with "non-sporty active commuters" declining significantly more than "active screenies" over 3 ***:These results support the need for interveation to promote physical activity and prevent increases in sedentary time during childhood and *** characterized as "non-sporty active commuters" may require specific interventions to maintain their physical activity over time.

关键词： Behavior change Physical activity Sedentary behavior Typologies Youth

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Potential dual expansion of domesticated donkeys revealed by worldwide analysis on mitochondrial sequences

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Zoological Research 2020年第1期41卷 51-60页

作者： Xi-Yao Ma Tiao Ning Adeniyi CAdeola Jie li Ali Esmailizadeh Jacqueline Klichoti Bernard RAgwanda Jainagul Isakova Almaz AAldashev Shi-Fang Wu He-Qun liu Najmudinov Tojiddin Abdulloevich Manilova Elena Afanasevna Khudoidodov Behruz Ibrohimovich Rahamon Akinyele Moshood Adedokun Sunday Charles Olaogun oscar JSanke Godwin FMangbon Xi Chen Wei-Kang Yang Zhe Wang Min-Sheng Peng Sheila COmmeh Yan li Ya-Ping Zhang State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China Agriculture College Kunming UniversityKunmingYunnan 650214China Engineering Research Center for Urban Modern Agriculture of Higher Education in Yunnan Province Kunming UniversityKunmingYunnan 650214China State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsGermplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureShahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman PB 76169-133Iran State Department of livestock Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and FisheriesNairobi 00100Kenya Department of Zoology National Museums of KenyaNairobi 00100Kenya Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine Bishkek 720040Kyrgyzstan E.N.Pavlovsky Institute of Zoology and Parasitology Academy of Sciences of Republic of TajikistanDushanbe 734025Tajikistan Department of Veterinary Medicine University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Taraba State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Jalingo 660221Nigeria Division of Veterinary Office Serti 663101Nigeria Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqiXinjiang 830011China Key laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqiXinjiang 830011China Department of Physiology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei 050017China Hebei Key laboratory of Animal Science Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei 050017China Kunming College of life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China Animal Biotechnology Group Institute of Biotechnology ResearchJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairob

Molecular studies on donkey mitochondrial sequences have clearly defined two distinct maternal lineages involved in ***,domestication histories of these two lineages remain *** therefore compared several population characteristics between these two lineages based on global sampling,which included 171 sequences obtained in this study(including Middle Asian,East Asian,and African samples)plus 536 published sequences(including European,Asian,and African samples).The two lineages were clearly separated from each other based on whole mitochondrial genomes and partial non-coding displacement loop(D-loop)sequences,*** Clade I lineage experienced an increase in population size more than 8000 years ago and shows a complex haplotype *** contrast,the population size of the Clade II lineage has remained relatively constant,with a simpler haplotype *** the distribution of the two lineages was almost equal across the Eurasian mainland,they still presented discernible but complex geographic bias in most parts of Africa,which are known as their domestication *** from sub-Saharan Africa tended to descend from the Clade I lineage,whereas the Clade II lineage was dominant along the East and North coasts of ***,the migration routes inferred from diversity decay suggested different expansion across China between the two ***,these differences indicated non-simultaneous domestication of the two lineages,which was possibly influenced by the response of pastoralists to the desertification of the Sahara and by the social expansion and trade of ancient humans in Northeast Africa,respectively.

关键词： Donkey lineage Domestication history Population Expansion

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An inter-laboratory study of DNA-based identity,parentage and species testing in animal forensic genetics

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第4期7卷 708-713页

作者： Sreetharan Kanthaswamy Torsten Brendel luis Cancela Denise A.Andrade de Oliveira Bertram Brenig Carmen Cons Julian A.Crespi Markéta Dajbychová Andreas Feldl Tomohito Itoh Vincenzo landi Amparo Martinez Malgorzata Natonek-Wisniewska Robert F.Oldt Anna Radko oscar Ramírez Clementina Rodellar Manuel Ruiz-Girón David Schikorski María Elena Turba Guillermo Giovambatista School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Arizona State University(ASU)at the West CampusGlendaleAZUSA California National Primate Research Center University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Eurofins Genomics Europe Applied Genomics GmbH EbersbergGermany IDENTITAS MontevideoUruguay laboratório de Genética Escola de Veterinária da UFMGBelo HorizonteBrazil Institute of Veterinary Medicine University of GoettingenGoettingenGermany Facultad de Veterinaria Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica(LAGENBIO)Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA)ZaragozaSpain Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNlP IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria(UNLP-CONICET LAPLATA)La PlataArgentina Genomia s.r.o. PlzeňCzech Republic Maebashi Institute of Animal Science Livestock Improvement Association of Japan(LIAJ)MaebashiJapan Department of Veterinary Medicine Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Bari“Aldo Moro”ValenzanoItaly Department of Genetics Faculty of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain Department of Animal Molecular Biology National Research Institute of Animal ProductionBalicePoland Vetgenomics Sl BarcelonaSpain laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica Hispalis Biolab S.L.U.SevilleSpain laboratoire lABOFARM-GENINDEXE LOUDEACCedexFrance Genefast SRl ForlìItaly

The probative value of animal forensic genetic evidence relies on laboratory accuracy and ***-laboratory comparisons allow laboratories to evaluate their performance on specific tests and analyses and to continue to monitor their *** International Society for Animal Genetics(ISAG)administered animal forensic comparison tests(AFCTs)in 2016 and 2018 to assess the limitations and capabilities of laboratories offering forensic identification,parentage and species determination *** AFCTs revealed that analyses of low DNA template concentrations(≤300 pg/μl)constitute a significant challenge that has prevented many laboratories from reporting correct identification and parentage ***,a lack of familiarity with species testing protocols,interpretation guidelines and representative databases prevented over a quarter of the participating laboratories from submitting correct species determination *** laboratories showed improvement in their genotyping accuracy over ***,the use of forensically validated standards,such as a standard forensic short tandem repeat(STR)kit,preferably with an allelic ladder,and stricter guidelines for STR typing,may have prevented some common issues from occurring,such as genotyping inaccuracies,missing data,elevated stutter products and loading *** AFCTs underscore the importance of conducting routine forensic comparison tests to allow laboratories to compare results from each *** should keep improving their scientific and technical capabilities and continuously evaluate their personnel’s proficiency in critical techniques such as low copy number(lCN)analysis and species *** this is the first time that the ISAG has conducted comparison tests for forensic testing,findings from these AFCTs may serve as the foundation for continuous improvements of the overall quality of animal forensic genetic testing.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic genetics comparison test forensic DNA analysis individual identification parentage test species test

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Transient GUS and GFP Expression in Spanish Red Cedar(Cedrela odorata l.)Somatic *** of Bombardment Conditions and Evaluation of Selective Agent lethal Dose

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Open Journal of Forestry 2012年第2期2卷 54-58页

作者： Yuri J.Pena-Ramírez Max M.Apolinar-Hernández oscar A.Gomez-y-Gomez luisa A.lopez-Ochoa Aileen O’Connor-Sánchez Instituto Tecnologico Superior de Acayucan AcayucanMexico Centro de Investigacion Científica de Yucatán MéridaMexico

Cedrela odorata is a tropical tree widely appreciated for its wood. Commercial plantations are frequently hampered by the attack of the meliacea borer, Hypsipyla grandella, and the lack of resistant varieties. C. odorata traditional breeding would consume very long periods of time, thus direct transfer of entomotoxic coding genes to generate resistant varieties is a promising alternative. There are two prerequisites for gene manipulation of this species: 1) to set the conditions for transgene delivery and 2) to have a way to select regenerating transformed plants. In this paper, we report the optimal biolistics conditions for transient expression of uidA and gfp reporter genes in C. odorata somatic embryos and the selective doses for kanamycin, spectinomycin, phosphinotrycin and hygromycin to screen transformed cells.

关键词： Biolistics Genetic Transformation Tree Genetic Modification Tropical Wood

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Immune‑Ageing Evaluation of Peripheral T and NK lymphocyte Subsets in Chinese Healthy Adults

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Phenomics 2023年第4期3卷 360-374页

作者： Zhenghu Jia Zhiyao Ren Dongmei Ye Jiawei li Yan Xu Hui liu Ziyu Meng Chengmao Yang Xiaqi Chen Xinru Mao Xueli luo Zhe Yang lina Ma Anyi Deng Yafang li Bingyu Han Junping Wei Chongcheng Huang Zheng Xiang Guobing Chen Peiling li Juan Ouyang Peisong Chen oscar Junhong luo Yifang Gao Zhinan Yin Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated With Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongChina The Biomedical Translational Research Institute Health Science Center(School of Medicine)Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632GuangdongChina Guangzhou Purui Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510660GuangdongChina Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632GuangdongChina Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital Guangzhou 510550GuangdongChina Organ Transplantation Center The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080GuangdongChina Emergency Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632GuangdongChina NHC Key laboratory of Hormones and Development Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic DiseasesChu Hsien-I Memorial HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300134China Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300134China Zhongke Regenerative Medicine Technology Co. LtdDongguan 523808GuangdongChina Wuhan Purui Medical laboratory Co. LtdWuhan 430223HubeiChina Department of Clinical laboratory Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080GuangdongChina

Ageing is often accompanied with a decline in immune system function,resulting in immune *** studies have focussed on the changes in different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and *** change in immune phenotype is a key indication of the diseased or healthy ***,the changes in lymphocyte number and phenotype brought about by ageing have not been comprehensively ***,we analysed T and natural killer(NK)cell subsets,the phenotype and cell differentiation states in 43,096 healthy individuals,aged 20–88 years,without known ***-six immune parameters were analysed and the reference ranges of these subsets were established in different age groups divided into 5-year *** data were subjected to random forest machine learning for immune-ageing modelling and confirmed using the neural network *** initial analysis and machine modelling prediction showed that *** T cells decreased with ageing,whereas central memory T cells(Tcm)and effector memory T cells(Tem)increased cluster of differentiation(CD)28-associated T *** is the largest study to investigate the correlation between age and immune cell function in a Chinese population,and provides insightful differences,suggesting that healthy adults might be considerably influenced by age and *** age of a person's immune system might be different from their chronological *** immune-ageing modelling study is one of the largest studies to provide insights into‘immune-age’rather than‘biological-age’.Through machine learning,we identified immune factors influencing the most through ageing and built a model for immune-ageing *** research not only reveals the impact of age on immune parameter differences within the Chinese population,but also provides new insights for monitoring and preventing some diseases in clinical practice.

关键词： Immunosenescence Phenotype T cell subset Natural killer cell subsets Immune-ageing modelling

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Serum proinflammatory cytokines and nutritional status in pediatric chronic liver disease

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世界胃肠病学杂志：英文版 2015年第29期21卷 8927-8934页

作者： Daniele Santetti Maria Inês de Albuquerque Wilasco Cristina Toscani leal Dornelles Isabel Cristina Ribas Werlang Fernanda Urruth Fontella Carlos oscar Kieling Jorge luiz dos Santos Sandra Maria Goncalves Vieira Helena Ayako Sueno Goldani Post-Graduate Program of Child and Adolescent Health Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre Nutrition Service Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre laboratory of Translational Pediatrics-NESCA Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre Pediatric Hepatology Unit Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Post-Graduate Program of Child and Adolescent HealthFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre

AIM: To evaluate the nutritional status and its association with proinflammatory cytokines in children with chronic liver ***: We performed a cross-sectional study with 43 children and adolescents, aged 0 to 17 years, diagnosed with chronic liver disease. All patients regularly attended the Pediatric Hepatology Unit and were under nutritional follow up. The exclusion criteria were fever from any etiology at the time of enrollment, inborn errors of the metabolism and any chronic illness. The severity of liver disease was assessed by Child-Pugh, Model for End-stage liver Disease(MElD) and Pediatric End Stage liver Disease(PElD) scores. Anthropometric parameters were height/age, body mass index/age and triceps skinfold/age according to World Health Organization standards. The cutoff points for nutritional status were risk of malnutrition(Z-score lnutrition(Z-score leukin-1β(Il-1β), Il-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were assessed by commercial ElISA kits. For multivariate analysis, linear regression was applied to assess the association between cytokine levels, disease severity and nutritional status. RESUlTS: The median(25th-75 th centile) age of the study population was 60(17-116)-mo-old, and 53.5% were female. Biliary atresia was the main cause of chronic liver disease(72%). With respect to Child-Pugh score, cirrhotic patients were distributed as follows: 57.1% Child-Pugh A, a mild presentation of the disease, 34.3% Child-Pugh B, a moderate stage of cirrhosis and 8.6% Child-Pugh C, were considered severe cases. PElD and MElD scores were only above the cutoff point in 5 cases. Il-6 values were increased in patients at nutritional risk(34.9%) compared with those who were well-nourished [7.12(0.58-34.23) pg/m l vs 1.63(0.53-3.43) pg/m l; P = 0.02], correlating inversely with triceps skinfold-for-age z-score(rs =-0.61; P l-6 levels were associated with liver disease severity assessed by Child-Pugh score(P = 0.001).

关键词： Cytokines Interleukin-6 Malnutrition Cirrhosis Child

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The Expected Places of Religion and Communities in Film

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Journal of literature and Art Studies 2017年第9期7卷 1161-1168页

作者： William l. Blizek University of Nebraskaat Omaha USA

In the 2014 movie, Spotlight, religion, represented by the Catholic Church, has an expected place for the community--the City of Boston, Massachusetts. And, the community of Boston, represented by the institution of a free press, has a corresponding expectation of the Church. In this paper, I explore these expectations as they are identified in the oscar winning film, Spotlight.

关键词： the Church free press priests sexual abuse investigation Spotlight

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