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Social interactions in striped hyena inferred from camera trap data:is it more social than previously thought?

Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 345-353页

作者： Jonathan TICHON Jason S.GILCHRIST Guy ROTEM Paul Ward orr spiegel Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Ben-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-Gurion 84990Israel School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh Napier University1 Sighthll CourtEdinburgh EH114BNUK Spatial Ecology Laboratory Department of Life SciencesBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShebaIsrael Faculty of Lifle Sciences School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversiyTel Aviv 69978Israel

Understanding the drivers promoting sociality over solitariness in animal species is imperative for predicting future population trends and informing conservation and *** this study we investigate the social structure of a desert dwelling population of striped hyena Hyaena *** species is historically regarded as strictly solitary albeit being the least studied of the extant *** evidence regarding the frequency of social interactions sug-gests a revision of striped hyena social structure is *** hypothesized that striped hyena has a social structure that is more complex than expected for a strictly solitary *** that end,we deployed an array of camera-traps in a remote desert region in Israel,and compared observed frequencies of striped hyena co-occurrence against null models to test whether hyena co-occurred more than expected by *** adults were(re)captured by our camera-traps in 49 different instances over 83 tracking *** these,6 exhibited shared space-use around a scarce,isolated perennial water *** of them,co-occurred with other hyena(in 3 instan-ces)significantly more frequent than expected by chance(and that timing suggests reproduction is unlikely to be the driving factor).Our findings substantiate evidence of complex social structure in striped hyena,highlight the importance of a scarce resource in space use and sociality,and provide a baseline for future research of striped hyena social *** suggest that similar methods be employed to evaluate social structure in other"solitary species"to better under-stand their social dynamics.

关键词： behavioral ecology cluster in space Hyaena hyaena social iteracin striped hyena social structure

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Natal dispersal in a social landscape： Considering individual behavioral phenotypes and social environment in dispersal ecology

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 543-556页

作者： Tina W. WEY orr spiegel Pierre-Olivier MONTIGLIO Karen E. MABRY Biology Department New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003 USA Department of Environmental Science & Policy University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

Natal dispersal, the movement of an organism from its birthplace to the site of first reproduction, is fundamental to many ecological and evolutionary processes. Mechanistically, individual dispersal decisions can depend on both individual phe- notype and environmental cues. In particular, many established evolutionary theories of dispersal highlight the importance of the social environment. More recent research in behavioral ecology has focused on the importance of individual behavioral pheno- types. We reviewed the literature on individual behavioral phenotypes and dispersal and suggest that how individual behavioral phenotypes interact with the immediate social environment experienced by individuals in influencing dispersal is still poorly un- derstood, despite growing interest. We found that very few studies had examined the interaction of individual behavioral pheno- types and social factors, and behavioral phenotypes related to social tendencies were less commonly measured than were beha- vioral phenotypes related to exploration or response to risk. Further, and unsurprisingly, studies on social behavioral phenotypes and dispersal behaviors during the transience stage of dispersal were underrepresented compared to the departure or settlement stages. Future studies in this area should aim to＂ a） make explicit links between behavioral traits and their proposed effects on dispersal decisions throughout multiple stages of dispersal, b） integrate more continuous dispersal variables, and c） consider the effects of the spatial distribution and phenotypes of conspecifics （i.e., the social landscape） encountered by individual dispersers

关键词： Animal dispersal Animal personality Behavioral syndromes Individual differences Social landscape

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Interactions of primary insult biomechanics and secondary cascades in spinal cord injury： implications for therapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第10期12卷 1618-1619页

作者： Michael B.orr John C.Gensel Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center and the Department of Physiology the University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program the University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

The complex and variable nature of traumatic spinal cord inju- ry （SCI） presents a unique challenge for translational research. SCI is not bound by any demographic nor is it limited to specific injury biomechanics.

关键词： SCI Interactions of primary insult biomechanics and secondary cascades in spinal cord injury:implications for therapy

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Application of first order rate kinetics to explain changes in bloom toxicity——the importance of understanding cell toxin quotas

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1063-1074页

作者： Philip T.orr Anusuya WILLIS Michele A.BURFORD Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University

Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic Gram-negative bacteria that can form potentially toxic blooms in eutrophic and slow flowing aquatic ecosystems. Bloom toxicity varies spatially and temporally, but understanding the mechanisms that drive these changes remains largely a mystery. Changes in bloom toxicity may result from changes in intracellular toxin pool sizes of cyanotoxins with differing molecular toxicities, and/or from changes in the cell concentrations of toxic and non-toxic cyanobacterial species or strains within bloom populations. We show here how first-order rate kinetics at the cellular level can be used to explain how environmental conditions drive changes in bloom toxicity at the ecological level. First order rate constants can be calculated for changes in cell concentration( μ_c : specific cell division rate) or the volumetric biomass concentration( μ_g : specific growth rate) between short time intervals throughout the cell cycle. Similar first order rate constants can be calculated for changes in nett volumetric cyanotoxin concentration( μ_(tox) : specific cyanotoxin production rate) over similar time intervals. How μ_c(or μ_g) covaries with μ tox over the cell cycle shows conclusively when cyanotoxins are being produced and metabolised, and how the toxicity of cells change in response to environment stressors. When μ_(tox)/μ_c >1, cyanotoxin cell quotas increase and individual cells become more toxic because the nett cyanotoxin production rate is higher than the cell division rate. When μ_(tox)/μ_c =1, cell cyanotoxin quotas remains fixed because the nett cyanotoxin production rate matches the cell division rate. When μ_(tox)/μ_c <1, the cyanotoxin cell quota decreases because either the nett cyanotoxin production rate is lower than the cell division rate, or metabolic breakdown and/or secretion of cyanotoxins is occurring. These fundamental equations describe cyanotoxin metabolism dynamics at the cellular level and provide the necessary phys

关键词： cyanotoxin production dynamics first order rate kinetics cyanobacteria

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Potential of photodynamic therapy in the management of infectious oral diseases

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 1-5页

作者： Cinzia Casu Germano orrù Department of Surgical Science Oral Biotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of CagliariCagliari 09124Italy

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)can take place in the presence of three elements:Light with an appropriate wavelength;a photosensitizer;and the presence of *** type of treatment is very effective overall against bacterial,viral and mycotic *** the last 10 years many papers have been published on PDT with different types of photosensitizers(e.g.,methylene blue,toluidine blue,indocyanine green,curcumin-based photosensitizers),different wavelengths(e.g.,460 nm,630 nm,660 nm,810 nm)and various parameters(e.g.,power of the light,time of illumination,number of sessions).In the scientific literature all types of PDT seem very effective,even if it is difficult to find a standard protocol for each oral *** could be an interesting way to treat some dangerous oral infections refractory to common pharmacological therapies,such as candidiasis from multidrug-resistant Candida spp.

关键词： Photodynamic therapy oral infections Photodynamic therapy vs candidiasis Blue light 460 nm Streptococcus mutans

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Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins:responses and detection

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1029-1031页

作者： LI Renhui SONG Lirong Philip T.orr Key Laboratory of Algal Biology State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of ChinaInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University170 Kessels RdNathanQld 4111Australia

The 10^(th) International Conference on toxic cyanobacteria(ICTC-10)was successfully held during 23–28 *** were so glad to see much progress made on toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins during past years,and the ICTC does provide a global forum for a wide-ranging communication and discussion of key issues related to cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins.

关键词：蓝毒素细菌海洋生物化学分析

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Recent insights into physiological responses to nutrients by the cylindrospermopsin producing cyanobacterium,Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1032-1039页

作者： Michele A.BURFORD Anusuya WILLIS Ann CHUANG Xiao MAN Philip T.orr Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University

The harmful cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a widespread species increasingly being recorded in freshwater systems around the world. Studies have demonstrated some key attributes of this species which may explain its global dominance. It has a high level of flexibility with respect to light and nutrients, being capable of growth under low and variable light conditions. However, it is the strategy with respect to nutrient utilization that has received more attention. Unlike many bloom forming species, the dominance of this species is not simply linked to higher nutrient loads. In fact it appears that it is more competitive when phosphorus and nitrogen availability is low and/or variable. An important component of this flexibility appears to be the result of within-population strain variability in responses to nutrients, as well as key physiological adaptations. Strain variability also appears to have an effect on the population-level cell quota of toxins, specifically cylindrospermopsins(CYNs). Field studies in Australia showed that populations had the highest proportion of toxic strains when dissolved inorganic phosphorus was added, resulting in stoichiometrically balanced nitrogen and phosphorus within the cells. These strategies are part of an arsenal of responses to environmental conditions, making it a challenging species to manage. However, our ability to improve bloom prediction will rely on a more detailed understanding of the complex physiology and ecology of this species.

关键词： nitrogen phosphorus cylindrospermopsins strains

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Emulsion‑based evolution of Escherichia coli for higher growth yield on D‑xylose identifies central role of cyclic AMP

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2023年第4期3卷 730-738页

作者： James S.orr Edwin Zen Xiaoyi Wang Christopher V.Rao DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation UrbanaILUSA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign600 S.Mathews Ave.UrbanaIL 61801USA Core Facility Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina

D-xylose is an abundant sugar found in plant biomass and can be used as a renewable feedstock for the microbial production of diverse biofuels and ***,D-xylose metabolism is slow in many industrial microorganisms,at least as compared to glucose *** surprisingly,a number of approaches have been developed for improving D-xylose metabolism in diverse *** this work,we applied a previously developed evolution strategy based on media-in-oil emulsions for improving the growth yield of Escherichia coli NCM3722 on *** 30 rounds of evolutions,we isolated multiple mutants with increased growth yield on *** addition,we also observed similar increases in the growth *** mutants were selected for whole-genome *** mutants had an amber stop mutation in adenylate cyclase,which truncates nearly 60%of the ***,the ability of this mutant to grow on xylose indicated that truncated enzyme,lacking the C-terminal regulatory domain,is still *** other mutant had a point mutation in the cyclic AMP receptor protein(CRP),near the high affinity binding site for cyclic *** mutations,when intro-duced into wild type ***,were able to increase the growth yields at levels similar to the isolated *** addition to D-xylose,these mutant strains and their genetic mimics also exhibited higher growth rates and yields on glucose,lactose,and *** results suggest that the improved growth rates and yields are due to changes in the production and sensing of intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations and also suggest native concentrations are suboptimal with respect to the growth rate and yield under the growth conditions ***,these results may prove useful for engineering strains of *** for high-density fermentations or protein production.

关键词： Escherichia coli Xylose cAMP Adaptive laboratory evolution

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Sleep,immunity and inflammation in gastrointestinal disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9231-9239页

作者： Tauseef Ali James Choe Ahmed Awab Theodore L Wagener William C orr Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 United States Department of Medicine University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 United States Department of Medicine Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Oklahoma City OK 73104 United States Department of Pediatrics University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 United States Lynn Health Science Institute Oklahoma City OK 73112 United States

Sleep disorders have become a global issue,and discovering their causes and consequences are the focus of many research *** estimated 70 million Americans suffer from some form of sleep *** sleep disorders have been shown to cause neurocognitive impairment such as decreased cognitive ability,slower response times and performance *** research suggests that individuals with sleep abnormalities are also at greater risk of serious adverse health,economic consequences,and most importantly increased all-cause *** research studies support the associations among sleep,immune function and ***,we review the current research linking sleep,immune function,and gastrointestinal diseases and discuss the interdependent relationship between sleep and these gastrointestinal *** physiologic processes including immune system and inflammatory cytokines help regulate the *** inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor,interleukin-1(IL-1),and IL-6 have been shown to be a significant contributor of sleep *** the other hand,sleep disturbances such as sleep deprivation have been shown to up regulate these inflammatory *** in these cytokine levels have been demonstrated in certain gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease,gastro-esophageal reflux,liver disorders and colorectal *** turn,abnormal sleep brought on by these diseases is shown to contribute to the severity of these same gastrointestinal *** of these relationships will allow gastroenterologists a great opportunity to enhance the care of their patients.

关键词： Sleep Immune function Immunity Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease Liver disorders Colon cancer Circadian rhythm

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Preface to the Special Issue:Towards Improving Understanding and Prediction of Arctic Change and its Linkage with Eurasian Mid-latitude Weather and Climate

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 1-4页

作者： Xiangdong ZHANG Thomas JUNG Muyin WANG Yong LUO Tido SEMMLER Andrew orr International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks AK 99775USA Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven 27570Germany joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98115USA Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China British Antarctic Survey Cambridge CB3 0ETUK

The dramatic changes in the Arctic climate system during recent decades are one of the most prominent features of global climate *** most striking and fundamental characteristics are the amplified near-surface warming at a rate twice the global average since the mid 20th century(e.g.,Blunden and Arndt,2012;Huang et al.,2017),and the rapid

关键词： Preface to the Special Issue:Towards Improving Understanding and Prediction of Arctic Change and Its Linkage with Eurasian Mid-latitude Weather and Climate

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