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Histopathological assessment of the microscopic activity in inflammatory bowel diseases:What are we looking for?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第36期28卷 5300-5312页

作者： ondrej Fabian Lukas Bajer Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre Institute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePrague 14021Czech Republic Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine 3rd Faculty of MedicineCharles University and Thomayer HospitalPrague 14059Czech Republic Hepatogastroenterology Department Institute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePrague 14021Czech Republic Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of SciencesPrague 14220Czech Republic

Advances in diagnostics of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)and improved treatment strategies allowed the establishment of new therapeutic endpoints.Currently,it is desirable not only to cease clinical symptoms,but mainly to achieve endoscopic remission,a macroscopic normalization of the bowel mucosa.However,up to one-third of IBD patients in remission exhibit persisting microscopic activity of the disease.The evidence suggests a better predictive value of histology for the development of clinical complications such as clinical relapse,surgical intervention,need for therapy escalation,or development of colorectal cancer.The proper assessment of microscopic inflammatory activity thus became an important part of the overall histopathological evaluation of colonic biopsies and many histopathological scoring indices have been established.Nonetheless,a majority of them have not been validated and no scoring index became a part of the routine bioptic practice.This review summarizes a predictive value of microscopic disease activity assessment for the subsequent clinical course of IBD,describes the most commonly used scoring indices for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,and comments on current limitations and unresolved issues.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Microscopy Predictor Score Ulcerative colitis

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实验室用数字图像处理进行三维表面轮廓诊断

Journal of Central South University 2020年第3期27卷 811-823页

作者： Robert FRISCHER ondrej KREJCAR Ali SELAMAT Kamil KUCA Center for Basic and Applied Research Faculty of Informatics and ManagementUniversity of Hradec KraloveRokitanskeho 62Hradec Kralove 50003Czech Republic Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology(MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala LumpurJalan Sultan Yahya PetraKuala Lumpur 54100Malaysia Media and Games Center of Excellence(MagicX) Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaSkudai 81310Malaysia School of Computing Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)Skudai 81310Malaysia

表面质量和轮廓精度的测量难是许多工业行业中存在的主要问题,半成品的表面质量直接影响到后续的生产步骤。虽然有许多方法可以获得所需的数据,但根据问题的复杂性所需要的测量硬件,比如二维或三维扫描仪,都比较昂贵。因此,本文提出一... 详细信息

表面质量和轮廓精度的测量难是许多工业行业中存在的主要问题,半成品的表面质量直接影响到后续的生产步骤。虽然有许多方法可以获得所需的数据,但根据问题的复杂性所需要的测量硬件,比如二维或三维扫描仪,都比较昂贵。因此,本文提出一种新颖的算法,并在简单的三维扫描仪模型上,以0.1 mm的分辨率的图像处理进行了验证。扫描表面轮廓的方法有很多,但图像处理是目前工业自动化中最热门的课题。最重要的是,为了获得表面图像,使用标准的高分辨率反射相机,以MatLab为软件环境实现后处理。因此,这种解决方案可以替代昂贵的扫描仪,利用单一用途设备的额外功能扩展来实现。

关键词：剖面诊断图像处理三维曲面 MatLab 测量

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中捷不可抗力制度比较研究

中捷不可抗力制度比较研究

作者： ondrej Zapletal（安阳）华东政法大学

学位级别：硕士

不可抗力制度是民法中一项重要的制度。该制度起源于罗马法,其概念由大陆和英美两大法系的国家继承,但各个法系,甚至各个国家发展出来了不同的不可抗力原则。不可抗力在各个国家法律中的含义、构成要件、运用范围和法律效果均有所不同... 详细信息

不可抗力制度是民法中一项重要的制度。该制度起源于罗马法,其概念由大陆和英美两大法系的国家继承,但各个法系,甚至各个国家发展出来了不同的不可抗力原则。不可抗力在各个国家法律中的含义、构成要件、运用范围和法律效果均有所不同。由于不可抗力作为较抽象的概念,不仅难以解释,而且与类似制度之间的边界和关系不明确。此外,实践中不可抗力事件因素在合同中出现的形式多种多样,因此不可抗力难以全面掌握。本文目的是对中华人民共和国（以下简称“中国”）和捷克共和国（以下简称“捷克”）现行债法中不可抗力制度做出比较,对不可抗力的现行法律、判决书和理论进行整理和分析。本文贯穿从现行法律、法理与司法三个角度对中国和捷克法中不可抗力制度进行比较。基于比较的研究结果,本文指出两个国家在不可抗力制度上的特色,并对不同点和运用上的问题作出概括。在两国法律对比研究过程中,通过研究和分析所遇到的难题,对该国家的法律、司法解释和法理文献提出改善和建议。本文对两国不可抗力制度采取横向比较的方法。参考文献主要包括中国和捷克的期刊论文、网上文章以及法院判决书等。笔者对上述文献进行整理,分析和评价,介绍文献对本论文焦点问题提供的观点和解决方法,提出两个国家可以互相借鉴经验来弥补法律漏洞和缺陷。基于上述研究结果,笔者希望能对最困难的问题提出改善建议。第一章,对不可抗力的构成条件进行研究。不可抗力规则的构成条件明确影响实践中的运用和事件的范围。《合同法》第117条采取“三要件主义”模式,与《捷克民法典》在第2913条中的不可抗力免责事由构成要件相比,后者多两个。该果导致的区别是:《合同法》规定第三人行为属于债务人的责任范围,而《捷克民法典》规定第三人行为能作为免责事由;法院对“不可克服性”的判断标准不一致等。第二章,通过明确不可抗力的范围与边界,本文对类似法律制度进行区分,如商业风险、情势变更和意外事件制度。四个制度之间具有相似性和边界不清楚,在实践运用中则造成矛盾和冲突等问题,从而导致法律上的不确定性。同时由于各个制度的法律后果不同,本文主要强调法律后果上的区别。从当事人角度来说,使用哪一制度可能影响诉讼请求的具体内容。本文在第三章将不可抗力的法律效果的研究作为本论文的焦点。本文将所产生的后果分为对合同义务之影响,对合同义务、合同效力、免责效力和风险分配的影响。虽然《合同法》与《捷克民法典》都采取严格责任制度,但不可抗力规则在实践中的运用不一致。《捷克民法典》采取完全自动消灭制度,而《合同法》则采取解除合同制度,而后者予以当事人自己决定是否继续履行保持合同效力的权利。本文评论两个制度的优缺点,当事人要承担的负担或所受的限制。

关键词：不可抗力不可抗力的法律效力风险负担捷克合同法

Morphological aspects of small-duct cholangiopathies:A minireview

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第4期15卷 538-553页

作者： Eva Sticova ondrej Fabian Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre Institute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePrague 14021Czech Republic Department of Pathology The Third Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Kralovske VinohradyPrague 10000Czech Republic Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine The Third faculty of MedicineCharles University and Thomayer University HospitalPrague 14059Czech Republic

The biliary system consists of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts lined by biliary epithelial cells(cholangiocytes).Bile ducts and cholangiocytes are affected by a variety of disorders called cholangiopathies,which differ in aetiology,pathogenesis,and morphology.Classification of cholangiopathies is complex and reflects pathogenic mechanisms(immune-mediated,genetic,drug-and toxininduced,ischaemic,infectious,neoplastic),predominant morphological patterns of biliary injury(suppurative and non-suppurative cholangitis,cholangiopathy),and specific segments of the biliary tree affected by the disease process.While the involvement of large extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts is typically visualised using radiology imaging,histopathological examination of liver tissue obtained by percutaneous liver biopsy still plays an important role in the diagnosis of cholangiopathies affecting the small intrahepatic bile ducts.To increase the diagnostic yield of a liver biopsy and determine the optimal therapeutic approach,the referring clinician is tasked with interpreting the results of histopathological examination.This requires knowledge and understanding of basic morphological patterns of hepatobiliary injury and an ability to correlate microscopic findings with results obtained by imaging and laboratory methods.This minireview describes the morphological aspects of small-duct cholangiopathies pertaining to the diagnostic process.

关键词： Bile duct Cholangiocytes Cholangiopathy Cholangitis Liver biopsy Histopathology

Behavioral predictability in a lynx spider is interactively influenced by mean behavior, prey density,and an insecticide

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Current Zoology 2018年第6期64卷 713-720页

作者： Radek MICHALKO ondrej KOSULIC Thitiya PUNG Patchanee VICHITBANDHA Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 3Brno61300Czech Republic Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 3Brno61300Czech Republic Department of Chemistry Kasetsart UniversityKamphaeng SaenNakhon Pathom73140Thailand Department of Science Faculty of Liberal Arts and ScienceKasetsart UniversityKamphaeng SaenNakhon Pathom73140Thailand

Behavioral predictability,i.e.,short-term intra-individual variability under relatively constant environmental conditions,has only recently begun to gain attention.It is unknown,however,whether predictability of individuals with distinct mean behavior changes differently as a response to ecological factors such as resource availability.Moreover,the response might be affected by anthropogenic contaminants that are ubiquitous in the environment and that can affect animals' variability in behavior.Here,we investigated the relationship between mean predatory activity and predictability in predatory activity along a prey density gradient in the lynx spider Oxyopes lineatipes.We further examined how this relationship is influenced by insecticides,azadirachtin,and a plant extract from Embelia ribes.We found that all studied variables affected the predictability.In the control and Embelia treatments,that did not differ significantly,the predictability decreased with increasing prey density in a mean behavior-specific way.Individuals with low mean predatory activity were relatively less predictable than were those with high activity from low to moderate prey densities but more predictable at high prey densities.Azadirachtin altered this pattern and the individuals with low predatory activity were less predictable than were those with high predatory activity along the whole gradient of prey density.Our results show that predictability can change along an environmental gradient depending on a mean behavior.The relative predictability of the individuals with distinct mean behavior can depend on the value of the environmental gradient. In addition,this relationship can be affected by anthropogenic contaminants such as pesticides.

关键词： azadirachtin environmental gradient intra-individual variability pesticide resource availability

Use of a rat model to characterize 35 arterial pulse wave parameters in a comparative study of isoflurane and Zoletil/ xylazine anesthesia and the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extract

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动物模型与实验医学(英文) 2023年第5期6卷 474-488页

作者： Anton Misak Marian Grman Lenka Tomasova ondrej Makara Zuzana Rostakova Iveta Waczulikova Karol Ondrias Institute of Clinical and Translational Research Department of Molecular PhysiologyBiomedical Research CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovak Republic Forest Arboretum Liptovsky Hradok Liptovsky HradokSlovak Republic Institute of Measurement Science Department of Theoretical MethodsSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovak Republic Faculty of Mathematics Physics and InformaticsComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovak Republic

Background : Information obtained from arterial pulse waveforms (APW) can be usefulfor characterizing the cardiovascular system. To achieve this, it is necessary to know thedetailed characteristics of APWs in different states of an organism, which would allowAPW parameters (APW- Ps) to be assigned to particular (patho)physiological conditions.Therefore, our work aimed to characterize 35 APW- Ps in rats under the influence ofisoflurane (ISO) and Zoletil/xylazine (ZO/XY) anesthesia and to study the effect of rootextract from Acanthopanax senticosus (ASRE) in these anesthetic conditions.Methods : The right jugular vein of anesthetized rats was cannulated for the administrationof ASRE and the left carotid artery for the detection of APWs from which 35APW- Ps were evaluated.Results : We obtained data on 35 APW- Ps, which significantly depended on the anesthesia,and thus, they characterized the cardiovascular system under these two conditions.ASRE transiently modulated all 35 APW- Ps, including a transient decrease insystolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate or increases in pulse BP, d P /d t max , and systolic and diastolic areas. Whereas the transient effects of ASRE weresimilar, the extract had prolonged disturbing effects on the cardiovascular system inrats under ZO/XY but not under ISO anesthesia. This negative effect can result fromthe disturbance caused by ZO/XY anesthesia on the cardiovascular system.Conclusions : We characterized 35 APW- Ps of rats under ISO and ZO/XY anesthesiaand found that ASRE contains compounds that can modulate the properties of thecardiovascular system, which significantly depended on the status of the cardiovascularsystem. This should be considered when using ASRE as a nutritional supplementby individuals with cardiovascular problems.

关键词： Acanthopanax senticosus arterial pulse waveform blood pressure hemodynamic parameters isoflurane Zoletil/xylazine

E-beam manipulation of Si atoms on graphene edges with an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope

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Nano Research 2018年第12期11卷 6217-6226页

作者： ondrej Dyck Songkil Kim Sergei V.Kalinin Stephen Jesse Center for Nanophase Materials Science Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea

The burgeoning field of atomic-level material control holds great promise for future breakthroughs in quantum and memristive device manufacture and fundamental studies of atomic-scale chemistry. Realization of atom-by-atom control of matter represents a complex and ongoing challenge. Here, we explore the feasibility of controllable motion of dopant Si atoms at the edges of graphene via the sub-atomically focused electron beam in a scanning transmission electron microscope. We demonstrate that the graphene edges can be cleaned of Si atoms and then subsequently replenished from nearby source material. It is also shown how Si edge atoms may be “pushed” from the edge of a small hole into the bulk of the graphene lattice and from the bulk of the lattice back to the edge. This is accomplished through sputtering of the edge of the graphene lattice to bury or uncover Si dopant atoms. Finally, we demonstrate e-beam mediated hole healing and incorporation of dopant atoms. These experiments form an initial step toward general atomic-scale material control.

关键词： atomic manipulation graphene scanning transmission electron microscopy edge passivation silicon dopant electron beam dynamics

Influences of Lower-Mantle Properties on the Formation of Asthenosphere in Oceanic Upper Mantle

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 143-154页

作者： David A Yuen Nicola Tosi ondrej adek Department of Geology and Geophysics and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55415USA Department of Planetary Physics Institute of Planetary ResearchGerman Aerospace Center(DLR)BerlinGermany Department of Geophysics Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic

Asthenosphere is a venerable concept based on geological intuition of Reginald Daly nearly 100 years ago. There have been various explanations for the existence of the asthenosphere. The concept of a plume-fed asthenosphere has been around for a few years due to the ideas put forth by Yamamoto et al.. Using a two-dimensional Cartesian code based on finite-volume method, we have investigated the influences of lower-mantle physical properties on the formation of a low-viscosity zone in the oceanic upper mantle in regions close to a large mantle upwelUng. The rheological law is Newtonian and depends on both temperature and depth. An extended-Boussinesq model is assumed for the energetics and the olivine to spinel, the spinel to perovskite and perovskite to post-perovskite （ppv） phase transitions are considered. We have compared the differences in the behavior of hot upweilings passing through the transition zone in the mid-mantle for a variety of models, starting with constant physical properties in the lower-mantle and culminating with complex models which have the post-perovskite phase transition and depth-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity. We found that the formation of the asthenosphere in the upper mantle in the vicinity of large upwellings is facilitated in models where both depth-dependent thermal expansivity and conductivity are included. Models with constant thermal expansivity and thermal conductivity do not produce a hot low-viscosity zone, resembling the asthenosphere. We have also studied the influences of a cylindrical model and found similar results as the Cartesian model with the important difference that upper-mantle temperatures were much cooler than the Cartesian model by about 600 to 700 K. Our findings argue for the potentially important role played by lower-mantle material properties on the development of a plume-fed asthenosphere in the oceanic upper mantle.

关键词： oceanic asthenosphere lower mantle thermal expansivity thermal conductivity phase transition.

Effect of tellurium(Te^(4+))irradiation on microstructure and associated irradiation-induced hardening

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第5期30卷 87-92页

作者：黄鹤飞刘继召雷冠虹 ondrej Muránsky Tao Wei Mihail Ionescu Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation(ANSTO) Lucas HeightsSydneyNSW2234Australia University of New South Wales(UNSW) KensingtonSydneyNSW2052Australia

The GH3535 alloy samples were irradiated using 15-MeV Te^(4+) ions at 650℃to a dose of 0.5,3.0,10,and 20 dpa,respectively.The Te atoms distribution and microstructure evolution were examined by electron probe microanalysis(EPMA)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The nano-indenter was then used to measure the nano-hardness changes of samples before and after irradiation.TEM results showed the formation of dislocation loops in the irradiated samples.Their mean diameters increase with the increase of irradiation dose and tends to be saturated when irradiation dose exceeds 10 dpa.The ratio of yield strength increments calculated by dispersed barrier hardening(DBH)model is basically consistent with that of nano-hardness increments measured by nano-indenter.In addition,the relationship between the nano-hardness increments and dpa for the GH3535 alloy irradiated by Te ions has been revealed in the study.

关键词： GH3535 alloy Te ions irradiation microstructural evolution irradiation hardening