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Eight decades of compositional change in a managed northern hardwood landscape

Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 398-410页

作者： Mark J.Ducey olivia L.Fraser Mariko Yamasaki Ethan P.Belair William B.Leak University of New Hampshire Department of Natural Resources and the Environment114 James HallDurhamNH03824USA U.S.D.A.Forest Service White Mountain National Forest71 White Mountain DriveCamptonNH03223USA U.S.D.A.Forest Service Northern Research Station271 Mast RoadDurhamNH03824USA The Nature Conservancy Natural Climate SolutionsAfrica Regional Portland Office45 Exchange StSuite 303PortlandME04101USA

We analyzed over 8 decades of change in forest composition(represented by species proportion of basal area)and size class from more than 400 permanent plots located on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New *** data represent one of the longest-term landscape-scale records of forest change based on permanent plots in North *** analyzed the plots based on elevation class,land type indicating assumed successional direction(grouped into coniferous and deciduous),and inventory period within managed and unmanaged portions of the *** ongoing shift from small-to large-diameter stems is clear across all species,in response to the overall aging of the forest following exploitative harvesting in the 19th *** compositional changes include a continuing decline in shade-intolerant species(paper birch and aspen),along with the mid-tolerant yellow *** increase in red maple abundance through the early 1990s has leveled off or *** shade-tolerant species,increases in beech and red spruce were largely consistent with assumed land type on unmanaged plots,but heavy marking against diseased beech on managed plots restricted increase of that *** maple declined in abundance except where silvicultural intervention helped maintain *** contrast,eastern hemlock showed a continuing expansion at all elevations below 600 *** data continue to show little or no evidence of upward migration of species,despite evidence of recent regional change in ***,the BEF is poised for substantial changes when emerald ash borer and hemlock woolly adelgid,both of which are known to infest nearby areas,do arrive.

关键词： Northern hardwoods Succession Stand dynamics Silviculture

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Autologous mesenchymal stem cells offer a new paradigm for salivary gland regeneration

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International Journal of Oral Science 2023年第2期15卷 185-203页

作者： Milos Marinkovic olivia N.Tran Hanzhou Wang Parveez Abdul-Azees David D.Dean Xiao-Dong Chen Chih-Ko Yeh Department of Comprehensive Dentistry University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTXUSA Research Service South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemTXUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at San AntonioTXUSA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterSouth Texas Veterans Health Care SystemTXUSA

Salivary gland(SG)dysfunction,due to radiotherapy,disease,or aging,is a clinical manifestation that has the potential to cause severe oral and/or systemic diseases and compromise quality of ***,the standard-of-care for this condition remains palliative.A variety of approaches have been employed to restore saliva production,but they have largely failed due to damage to both secretory cells and the extracellular matrix(niche).

关键词： salivary clinical diseases

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Eccentric exercise-induced muscle weakness abolishes sex differences in fatigability during sustained submaximal isometric contractions

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运动与健康科学(英文) 2023年第4期12卷 523-533页

作者： Hanna L.Jodoin Avery Hinks olivia P.Roussel Vincenzo S.Contento Brian H.Dalton Geoffrey A.Power Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada School of Health and Exercise Science University of British ColumbiaKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada

Background:Females are typically less fatigable than males during sustained isometric contractions at lower isometric contraction *** sex difference in fatigability becomes more variable during higher intensity isometric and dynamic *** less fatiguing than isometric or concentric contractions,eccentric contractions induce greater and longer lasting impairments in force ***,it is not clear how muscle weakness influences fatigability in males and females during sustained isometric ***:We investigated the effects of eccentric exercise-induced muscle weakness on time to task failure(TTF)during a sustained submaximal isometric contraction in young(18-30 years)healthy males(n=9)and females(n=10).Participants performed a sustained isometric contraction of the dorsiflexors at 35°plantar flexion by matching a 30%maximal voluntary contraction(MVC)torque target until task failure(i.e.,falling below 5%of their target torque for>2 s).The same sustained isometric contraction was repeated 30 min after 150 maximal eccentric *** and antagonist activation were assessed using surface electromyography over the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles,***:Males were~41%stronger than *** eccentric exercise both males and females experienced an~20%decline in maximal voliuntary contraction *** was-34%longer in females than males prior to eccentic exercise-induced muscle ***,following eccentric exercise-induced muscle weakness,this sex-related difference was abolished,with both groups having an"45%shorter ***,there was~100%greater antagonist activation in the female group during the sustained isometric contraction following exercise-induced weakness as compared to the ***:This increase in antagonist activation disadvantaged females by decreasing their TTF,resulting in a blunting of their typical fatigability advantage over males.

关键词： Fatigue Isometric Sex Time to task failure Weakness

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Corneal astigmatic outcomes after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with surface penetrating arcuate keratotomies

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第7期16卷 1084-1092页

作者： Nick Stanojcic David O’Brart Chris Hull Vijay Wagh Elodie Azan Mani Bhogal Scott Robbie Ji-Peng olivia Li Department of Ophthalmology Guy’s and St.Thomas’NHS Foundation TrustLondon SE17EHUK Centre for Applied Vision Research School of Health SciencesUniversity of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUK King’s College London London WC2R 2LSUK

AIM:To evaluate corneal astigmatic outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomies(FAKs)combined with femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)over 12mo ***:Totally 145 patients with bilateral cataracts and no ocular co-morbidities were recruited to a singlecentre,single-masked,prospective randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing two monofocal hydrophobic acrylic intraocular *** with corneal astigmatism(CA)of>0.8 dioptres(D)received unpaired,unopened,surface penetrating FAKs at the time of *** acuity,subjective refraction and Scheimpflug tomography were recorded at 1,6,and *** vectoral analyses were ***:Fifty-one patients(61 eyes),mean age 68.2±9.6y[standard deviation(SD)],received *** eyes were available for analysis,except at 12mo when 59 *** were no complications due to *** pre-operative CA was 1.13±0.20 *** was a reduction of astigmatism at all post-operative visits(residual CA 1mo:0.85±0.42 D,P=0.0001;6mo:0.86±0.35 D,P=0001;and 12mo:0.90±0.39,P=0.0001).Alpins indices remained stable over ***,the cohort was under-corrected at all time *** 12mo,61%of eyes were within±15 degrees of pre-operative astigmatic ***:Unpaired unopened penetrating FAKs combined with on-axis phacoemulsification are safe but minimally *** is largely under-corrected in this cohort using an existing unmodified *** effect of arcuate keratotomies on CA remained stable over 12mo.

关键词： femtosecond cataract surgery astigmatic keratotomy laser cataract surgery femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery arcuate keratotomy

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Linking, thinking & fixing:the story about the 2015 Chemistry Nobel Prize and the future of science

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Science Bulletin 2015年第23期60卷 2071-2076页

作者： Huan Meng olivia J.Osborne Department of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Centre for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology University of California Los Angeles

Did you know there are roughly over 10,000 DNA damages in a cell per day?Do not be too alarmed though,thanks to various vital DNA repair mechanisms we are able to continue function normally as an organism and maintain our genome *** is no wonder then why this year prestigious Chemistry Nobel Prize(s)went to *** Lindahl,Aziz Sancar,and Paul Modrich for their

关键词：诺贝尔化学奖诺贝尔奖连接故事科学脱氧核糖核酸修复机制基因组

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The matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-3 cleaves laminin receptor at two distinct sites between the transmembrane domain and laminin binding sequence within the extracellular domain

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Cell Research 2005年第3期15卷 150-159页

作者： Tosikazu AMANO,olivia KWAK,Anastasia MARSHAK Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutesof Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutesof Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutesof Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA

The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) stromelysin-3 (ST3) has long been implicated to play an important role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and cell fate determination during normal and pathological processes. However like other MMPs, the molecular basis of ST3 function in vivo remains unclear due to the lack of information on its physiological substrates. Furthermore, ST3 has only weak activities toward all tested ECM proteins. Using thyroid hormone-dependent Xenopus laevis metamorphosis as a model, we demonstrated previously that ST3 is important for apoptosis and tissue morphogenesis during intestinal remodeling. Here, we used yeast two-hybrid screen with mRNAs from metamorphosing tadpoles to identify potential substrate of ST3 during development. We thus isolated the 37 kd laminin receptor precursor (LR). We showed that LR binds to ST3 in vitro and can be cleaved by ST3 at two sites distinct from where other MMPs cleave. Through peptide sequencing, we determined that the two cleavage sites are in the extracellular domain between the transmembrane domain and laminin binding sequence. Furthermore, we demon strated that these cleavage sites are conserved in human LR. These results together with high levels of human LR and ST3 expression in carcinomas suggest that LR is a likely in vivo substrate of ST3 and that its cleavage by ST3 may alter cell-extracellular matrix interaction, thus, playing a role in mediating the effects of ST3 on cell fate and behavior ob- served during development and pathogenesis.

关键词： stromelysin-3 laminin receptor matrix metalloproteinase extracellular matrix Xenopus laevis cell surface substrate.

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Promoting Climate Change Havens in the United States and Globally for Migrating Populations

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第9期14卷 761-780页

作者： Elizabeth C. Hirschman olivia Toomer Department of Business and Economics University of Virginia Wise USA

Appalachia has been identified as the largest Climate Change Haven in the continental United States and could serve as a refuge for millions of persons. This research presents a marketing plan for promoting migration to the Appalachian Region using advertising and a website that communicates the desirable qualities of the area. Communications will first be directed toward the current residents of Appalachia (the Internal Market) in order to create enthusiasm for welcoming new arrivals. Then, promotional messages will be sent to prospective migrants seeking to escape the negative effects of climate change in the Southeast and Southwest of the United States and globally (the External Market). The approach used here may be applicable to Climate Change Havens across the globe.

关键词： Climate Change Havens Appalachia Climate Change Migration Economic Rejuvenation Promotional Websites

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Dynamical Tropopause Variability and Potential Vorticity Streamers in the Northern Hemisphere——A Climatological Analysis

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第3期25卷 367-380页

作者： olivia MARTIUS Cornelia SCHWIERZ Michael SPRENGER Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Institute for Atmospheric Science School of Earth and EnvironmentLeeds UniversityLeeds LS2 9JTUK

This study presents a 44-year climatology of potential vorticity （PV） streamers in the Northern Hemisphere based upon analyses of the ERA-40 reanalysis data set. A comparison to an existing 15-year climatology yields very good agreement in the locations of PV streamer frequency maxima, but some differences are found in the amplitude of frequencies. The climatology is assessed with the focus on links between PV streamer frequencies and the synoptic- and planetary-scale variability of the dynamical tropopause. A comprehensive overview is provided on where （zonally） and when （seasonally） short-term variability throughout the extra-tropical and sub-tropical tropopause is enhanced or reduced. Several key processes that influence this variability are discussed. Baroclinic processes, for example, determine the variability in the storm-track areas in winter, whereas the Asian summer monsoon significantly influences the variability over Asia. The paper also describes links between the frequency of PV streamers in the extra-tropical and subtropical tropopause and three major northern hemisphere teleconnection patterns. The observed changes in the PV streamer frequencies are closely related to concomitant variations of PV and its gradient within the tropopause region. During opposite phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation the location of the streamer frequency maxima shifts significantly in the Atlantic and European region in both the extra-tropics and subtropics. The influence of ENSO on the streamer frequencies is most pronounced in the subtropical Pacific.

关键词： Rossby wave breaking PV streamer Northern Hemisphere teleconnection indices dynamical tropopause

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TRANSCRANIAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF SMOKING BRAINS

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第3期2卷 227-234页

作者： olivia PUCCI SANDER STEPANOV VLADISLAV TORONOV Department of Physics Ryerson University 350 Victoria StreetTorontoONCanada M5B 2K3

We used a mobile wireless near-infrared sensor for the noninvasive recording of cerebral hemoglobin concentration changes during cigarette *** measurement included 5 min of rest,5 min of smoking imitation,and 5 min of actual *** observed significant effects of the tobacco smoking on temporal changes in the human brain at time scales ranging from 200 ms to about 1 *** most reproducible effects were an increase of the heartbeat rate and a decrease in the heartbeat power spectral density during *** but highly individual changes due to smoking were observed in temporal patterns of hemodynamic fluctuations in 5–50 s time *** have also found statistically significant slow increases in both oxy-and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations during smoking.

关键词： Near-infrared spectroscopy hemoglobin brain smoking

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Ultra-broadband near-infrared NOPAs based on the nonlinear crystals Bi BO and YCOB

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2020年第3期8卷 6-15页

作者： Mario Galletti Hugo Pires Victor Hariton Joana Alves Pedro Oliveira Marco Galimberti Goncalo figueira GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049-001 LisboaPortugal Central Laser Facility Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotUK INFN-LNF Via Enrico Fermi 5400044 FrascatiItaly

We evaluate and demonstrate ultra-broadband near-infrared noncollinear optical parametric amplification in two nonlinear crystals,bismuth borate(Bi BO)and yttrium calcium oxyborate(YCOB),which are not commonly used for this *** spectral bandwidth is of the microjoule level;the amplified signal is≥200 nm,capable of supporting sub-10 fs *** results,supported by numerical simulations,show that these crystals have a great potential as nonlinear media in both low-energy,few-cycle systems and high peak power amplifiers for terawatt to petawatt systems based on noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification(NOPCPA)or a hybrid.

关键词： ultrafast laser high power laser nonlinear optics ultra-broadband noncollinear OPA YCOB and Bi BO nonlinear crystal

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