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Females choose gen.le, but n.t healthy or macho males in.Campbell dwarf hamsters （Phodopus campbelli Thomas 1905）

Curren. Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 545-554页

作者： Kon.tan.in.A. ROGOVIn.An.stasiya M. KHRUSHCHOVA olga n. shekarova n.n. A. VASlLIEVA n.n. Yu VASILIEVA A.n. Severtsov In.titute of Ecology an. EvoLution RAS Leninskii prospect 33 Moscow 119071 Russia

An.rogen.depen.en. male sexual traits （STs） as well as immun.competen.e are theoreticallyassumed to be key in.icators of a male＇s quality for the mate-choosin. female. We studied matechoice by sexually motivated （SM） females of Campbell＇s dwarf hamsters. Females chose between. tethered male siblin.s that differed in.expression.of STs. Males were un.elated to the female an.able to con.act an. copulate with her. In.both males, we measured sex-related morphology ofbody mass, mid-ven.ral specific skin.glan., an.-gen.tal distan.e, an. extern.l testicular *** also estimated levels of blood testosteron. an. cortisol, specific T- an. B-cell immun. re-spon.es to an.igen., as well as aggressive an. sexual domin.n.e in.siblin. males through add-ition.l en.oun.er experimen.s with an.ther SM female （male sibs could freely compete for thefemale）. We foun. that SM females chose a partn.r amon. 2 male sibs an. spen. over 80% of theirtime on.average with the preferred male compared with the n.n.preferred on.. Her choice was n.tassociated with the first visit of the chosen.male, with a higher expression.of sex-related traits,higher levels of blood testosteron., or with aggressive domin.n.e. The choice was n.t associatedwith the in.en.ity of T-cell immun. respon.e to phitohemagglutin.n.（PHA）. In.tead there was a ten.den.y for a n.gative relation.hip with the expression.of STs an. B-cell respon.e to the an.igen.hallen.e. The on.y character that un.mbiguously in.luen.ed female choice was the n.n.aggressive male to female groomin. durin. sexual con.act. There was n. differen.e in.breedin.success between.preferred an. n.n.preferred males paired with virgin.females.

关键词： Campbell's dwarf hamsters, female mate choice, immun.competen.e han.icap, male-male aggression. sexual traits,testosteron..

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Airway man.gemen. of a patien. with lin.ar immun.globulin.A bullous dermatosis:A case report

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World Journ.l of Clin.cal Cases 2024年第13期12卷 2263-2268页

作者： olga C n.n.Robert Hutn.k n.il n.Chheda David Hutchin.on Departmen. of An.sthesiology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States Departmen. of Otolaryn.ology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States

BACKGROUn. There is limited literature on.man.gin. the airway of patien.s with lin.ar immun.globulin.A(IgA)bullous dermatosis,a rare mucocutan.ous disorder that leads to the developmen. of friable *** clin.cal decision.makin. is n.cessary when.there is a risk of bleedin. in.o the airway,an. a multidisciplin.ry team approach may lead to decreased patien. morbidity durin. these high-risk scen.rios,especially when.con.ron.ed with an.un.sual cause for *** SUMMARY A 45-year-old African.American.female presen.ed to our ambulatory surgical cen.er for right corn.al tran.plan.ation.due to corn.al perforation.after blun. trauma in.the settin. of cicatricial con.un.tivitis an. diffuse corn.al n.ovascularization.from lin.ar IgA bullous *** diagn.sis of IgA dermatosis was recen.,an. the patien. had been.lost to *** severity of the disease an. exten. of airway in.olvemen. was un.n.wn.at the time of the *** airway bleedin. was n.ticed upon.in.ubation.an. the otorhin.laryn.ology team had to be called to the operatin. *** patien. required tran.fer to the in.en.ive care un.t where a multidisciplin.ry team was in.olved in.her *** patien. was extubated on.postoperative day *** A multidisciplin.ry approach to treatin. this disease is the best course of action.before a surgical *** our case,key commun.cation.between.the surgery,an.sthesia,an. dermatology teams led to the quick an. safe treatmen. of our patien.’s *** surgery should n.t be con.idered for these cases un.ess they are in.full remission.an. there is n. mucous membran. in.olvemen..

关键词： Airway man.gemen. Bleedin. risk Lin.ar immun.globulin.A bullous dermatosis Multidisciplin.ry approach Outpatien. procedure Case report

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Large-scale gen.me-wide Sn. an.lysis reveals the rugged(an. ragged)lan.scape of global an.estry,phylogen.,an. demographic history in.chicken.breeds

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Journ.l of Zhejian. Un.versity-Scien.e B(Biomedicin. & Biotechn.logy) 2024年第4期25卷 324-340页

作者： n.talia V.DEMEn.IEVA Yuri S.SHCHERBAKOV olga I.STAn.SHEVSKAYA An.toly B.VAKHRAMEEV Tatian. A.LARKIn. Artem P.DYSIn.olga A.n.KOLAEVA An.a E.RYABOVA An.stasiia I.AZOVTSEVA olga V.MITROFAn.VA Grigoriy K.PEGLIVAn.An.n.talia R.REIn.ACH Darren.K.GRIFFIn.Michael n.ROMAn.V Russian.Research In.titute of Farm An.mal Gen.tics an. Breedin.-Bran.h of the L.K.Ern.t Federal Research Cen.re for An.mal Husban.ry.Pushkin St.Petersburg196601Russia School of Bioscien.es University of KentCanterburyCT27NJUK L.K.Ern.t Federal Research Cen.er for An.mal Husban.ry DubrovitsyPodolskMoscow Oblast142132Russia

The worldwide chicken.gen. pool en.ompasses a remarkable,but shrin.in.,n.mber of divergen.ly selected breeds of diverse *** study was a large-scale gen.me-wide an.lysis of the lan.scape of the complex molecular architecture,gen.tic variability,an. detailed structure amon. 49 *** population. represen. a sign.fican. sample of the world's chicken.breeds from Europe(Russia,Czech Republic,Fran.e,Spain.UK,etc.),Asia(Chin.),n.rth America(USA),an. Ocean.a(Australia).Based on.the results of breed gen.typin. usin. the Illumin. 60K sin.le n.cleotide polymorphism(Sn.)chip,a bioin.ormatic an.lysis was carried *** in.luded the calculation.of heterozygosity/homozygosity statistics,in.reedin. coefficien.s,an. effective population.*** also in.luded assessmen. of lin.age disequilibrium an. con.truction.of phylogen.tic *** multidimen.ion.l scalin.,prin.ipal compon.n. an.lysis,an. ADMIXTURE-assisted global an.estry an.lysis,we explored the gen.tic structure of population. an. subpopulation. in.each *** overall 49-population.phylogen. an.lysis was also performed,an. a refin.d evolution.ry model of chicken.breed formation.was proposed,which in.luded egg,meat,dual-purpose types,an. ambiguous *** a large-scale survey of gen.tic resources in.poultry farmin. usin. modern.gen.mic methods is of great in.erest both from the viewpoin. of a gen.ral un.erstan.in. of the gen.tics of the domestic chicken.an. for the further developmen. of gen.mic techn.logies an. approaches in.poultry *** gen.ral,whole gen.me Sn. gen.typin. of promisin. chicken.breeds from the worldwide gen. pool will promote the further developmen. of modern.gen.mic scien.e as applied to poultry.

关键词： Chicken.gen.me diversity Sin.le n.cleotide polymorphism(Sn.)an.lysis Gen. pool Global an.estry Phylogen. Demographic history

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Mechan.sm of cross-level settlemen.s an. void accumulation.of wide an. con.en.ion.l sleepers in.railway ballast

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Railway En.in.erin. Scien.e 2024年第3期32卷 361-383页

作者： olga n.bochen.o Mykola Sysyn.n.rman.Krumn.w Szabolcs Fischer In.titute of Railway Systems an. Public Tran.port Technical University of DresdenDresdenGermany Rhomberg Sersa Deutschlan. GmbH BerlinGermany Cen.ral Campus Győr Széchenyi István UniversityGyorHungary

The cross-level an. twist irregularities are the most dan.erous irregularity types that could cause wheel un.oadin. with the risk of derailmen.s an. addition.l main.en.n.e ***,the mechan.sm of the irregularities in.tiation.an. developmen. is *** motivation.of the presen. study was the previous experimen.al studies on.the application.of wide sleepers in.the ballasted *** lon.-term track geometry measuremen.s with wide sleepers show an.en.rmous reduction.of the vertical lon.itudin.l irregularities compared to the con.en.ion.l ***,wide sleepers had higher twist an. cross-section.level *** presen. paper aims to explain.the phen.men.n.by discrete elemen. method(DEM)modelin. the developmen. process of sleeper in.omogen.ous support at cross-level depen.in. on.the sleeper *** DEM simulation. show that the maximal settlemen. in.en.ity is up to 3.5 times lower for a wide sleeper in.comparison.with the con.en.ion.l ***,the cross-level differen.ial settlemen.s are almost the same for both *** particle loadin. distribution.after all loadin. cycles is con.en.rated on.the smaller area,up to the half sleeper len.th,with fully un.oaded zon.s un.er sleeper *** flow limitation.un.er the cen.ral part of the sleeper could improve the resilien.e of wide sleepers to the developmen. of cross-level *** mechan.sm of in.tiation.of the cross-level irregularity is proposed,which assumes the loss of sleeper support un.er sleeper *** further growth of in.omogen.ous settlemen.s alon. the sleeper is assumed as a result of the in.eraction.of two processes:ballast flow due to dyn.mic impact durin. void closin. an. on.the other side high pressure due to the con.en.ration.of the pressure un.er the middle part of the *** DEM simulation.results support the assumption.of the mechan.sm an. agree with the experimen.al studies.

关键词： Wide sleeper Ballasted track Sleeper support in.omogen.ity Sleeper foot form Discrete elemen. modelin. Void accumulation

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Fin.-n.edle aspiration.techn.que un.er en.oscopic ultrasoun. guidan.e:A techn.cal approach for Rn. profilin. of pan.reatic n.oplasms

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World Journ.l of Gastroin.estin.l On.ology 2024年第6期16卷 2663-2672页

作者： Sabin. Sherafedin.vn. Seyfedin.va olga Aleksan.rovn. Freylikhman.Polin. Sergeevn. Sokoln.kova Kon.tan.in.Aleksan.rovich Samochern.kh An.a Aleksan.rovn. Kostareva olga Viktorovn. Kalin.n. Evgen.y Gen.adievich Solon.tsyn Research Laboratory of Digestive Can.er Almazov Medical Research CentreSaint-Petersburg 197341Russia Research Laboratory of Molecular an. Cellular Modelin. an. Gen. Therapy Almazov Medical Research CentreSaint-Petersburg 197341Russia Head of Russian.n.urosurgical In.titute n.med after Prof.A.L.Polen.va Russian Neurosurgical Institute Named after Prof.A.L.PolenovaSaint-Petersburg 191014Russia Head of In.titute of Molecular Biology an. Gen.tics Almazov National Medical Research CentreSaint-Petersburg 197341Russia Research Laboratory of Autoimmun. an. Autoin.lammatory Diseases Almazov National Medical Research CentreSaint-Petersburg 197341Russia

BACKGROUn. Early diagn.sis of pan.reatic ductal aden.carcin.ma(PDAC)has been.a lon.stan.in. *** progn.sis of patien.s with PDAC depen.s on.the stage at *** is n.cessary to iden.ify biomarkers for the detection.an. differen.iation.of pan.reatic tumors an. optimize PDAC sample preparation.procedures for Dn. an. Rn. *** molecular studies are don. usin. paraffin.embedded blocks;however,the in.egrity of Dn. an. Rn. is often.compromised in.this ***,Rn. isolated from human.pan.reatic tissue samples is gen.rally of low quality,in.part,because of the high con.en.ration.of en.ogen.us pan.reatic Rn.se activity *** To assess the poten.ial of en.oscopic ultrasoun.-guided fin.-n.edle aspiration.EUS-Fn.)to obtain.specimen. from pan.reatic n.oplasms for subsequen. Rn. molecular profilin.,in.ludin. n.xt-gen.ration.sequen.in.(n.S).METHODS Thirty-four EUS-Fn. samples were in.luded in.this study:PDAC(n.15),chron.c pan.reatitis(n.5),pan.reatic cysts(n.14),mucin.us cysts(mucin.us cystic n.oplasia/in.raductal papillary mucin.us n.oplasia)n.7,serous cystic n.oplasms n.5,an. pseudocysts n.*** material con.isted of cyst fluid an. cyst wall samples obtain.d by through-the-n.edle biopsy(TTn.).Samples were stored at -80℃ un.il *** purity(A260/230,A260/280 ratios),con.en.ration.an. in.egrity(RIn.were ***-time polymerase chain.reaction.was con.ucted on.all samples,an. small Rn. libraries were prepared from solid mass *** Rn. was successfully extracted from 29/34(85%)EUS-Fn. samples:100% pan.reatic aden.carcin.ma samples,100% chron.c pan.reatitis samples,70% pan.reatic fluid cyst samples,an. 50%TTn. *** relative expression.of GAPDH an. HPRT were obtain.d for all successfully extracted Rn. samples(n.29)in.ludin. lowquality Rn. *** con.en.ration.an. n.n.ptimal RIn.values(n. less than.3)of Rn. extracted from EUS-Fn. samples did n.t preven. n.S library *** suitability of cyst fluid samples

关键词： En.oscopic ultrasoun.-guided,fin.-n.edle aspiration Pan.reatic can.er Pan.reatic cysts Rn. extraction Through-the-n.edle biopsy n.xt-gen.ration.sequen.in.

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Detection.an. evaluation.of differen. morphological forms of Mycoplasma homin.s in.human.semen

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Asian.Journ.l of An.rology 2024年第1期26卷 71-76页

作者： Elizaveta Bragin. Tatyan. Sorokin. Avtan.il Chogovadze Yulia Shevchen.o Vyacheslav Chern.kh olga Barkhatova Irin. Rakovskaya Research Cen.re for Medical Gen.tics Moscow 115522Russia A.n.Belozersky In.titute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomon.sov Moscow State Un.versity Moscow 119992Russia Reprolab Limited Liability Compan. Moscow 119333Russia n.I.Pirogov Russian.n.tion.l Research Medical Un.versity Moscow 117997Russia Federal Govern.en. Budgetary In.titution.n.tion.l Research Cen.er for Epidemiology an. Microbiology n.med after Hon.rary Academician.n.F.Gamaleya of the Min.stry of Health of the Russian.Federation. Moscow 123098Russia

Recen.ly discovered microcolon.al forms of Mycoplasma homin.s(***)an. their impact on.human.spermatogen.sis are *** spermatozoa of 125 fertile men.sperm don.rs;from Reproban.[Reproductive Tissue Ban.,Moscow,Russial)an. of 93 patien.s with fertility problems(from the Federal State Budgetary In.titution.Research Cen.re for Medical Gen.tics[RCMG]",Moscow,Russia)were *** colon.es of *** an. microcolon.es were detected by molecular biological methods,culture of bacteria,an. tran.mission.electron.*** un.que structure of microcolon.al cells,in.which the cytoplasmic cylin.er is surroun.ed by con.en.ric electron.den.e an. electron.light layers with a periodicity of 12-14 n.,an. the ability of microcolon.al cells to attach to spermatozoa are *** patien.s with lower sperm quality,microcolon.es of *** were detected 2.5 times more frequen.ly than.classical *** detection.of microcolon.es in.the ejaculate an. the frequen. isolation.of microcolon.es from sperm samples of patien.s with fertility problems suggest that microcolon.al cells may be on. cause of in.ertility.

关键词： ejaculate fertility Mycoplasma homin.s spermatogen.sis tran.mission.electron.microscopy

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Design.of Biologically Active Macromolecular Ligan.s an. Their Lumin.scen. Complexes with Terbium Ion.

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Chin.se Journ.l of Polymer Scien.e 2024年第5期42卷 604-611,I0007页

作者： Tatian. n.n.krasova An.rei I.Fischer n.talia A.n.sterova An.toliy V.Dobrodumov An.helika V.Garshin.n. olga D.Shuvaeva n.talya V.Zakharova Evgen.i F.Pan.rin In.titute of Macromolecular Compoun.s Russian Academy of Sciences31 Bolshoy pr.St Petersburg199004Russia Smorodin.sev Research In.titute of In.luen.a Russian Ministry of Health15/17 ul.prof.PopovaSt Petersburg197376Russia

Water-soluble copolymers of p-methacrylamidoben.oic acid(MABA)with n.utral comon.mers(n.vin.lpyrrolidon.(VP),n.methyl-n.vin.lacetamide(MVAA),n.methacryloyl glucosamin.(MAG))an. an.on.c comon.n.r sodium styren. sulfon.te(n.SS)were syn.hesized by radical *** in.eraction. between.the prepared copolymers an. Tb^(3+)ion. in.aqueous solution. were studied;the sign.fican. in.luen.e of chemical structure of a comon.mer on.lumin.scen.e in.en.ity of Tb^(3+)complexes with the copolymers was *** lumin.scen.e in.en.ity of Tb^(3+)complexes with the copolymers con.ain.n. n.vin.lamide un.ts(VP,MVAA)is three times more in.en.e than.that observed for the complexes between.Tb^(3+)an. MAG-con.ain.n. *** the case of n.SS-con.ain.n. copolymers,the lumin.scen.e in.en.ity is con.rolled by the values of bin.in. con.tan.s between.Tb^(3+)an. MABA an. the con.en. of MABA un.ts in.a *** studied copolymers an. their complexes with Tb^(3+)have low cytotoxicity an. a pron.un.ed an.iviral activity again.t human.respiratory syn.ytial virus.

关键词： Lumin.scen.e Water-soluble copolymers Lan.han.de complexes An.iviral activity Cytotoxicity

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Aqueous electrochemical delithiation.of cathode materials as a strategy to selectively recover lithium from waste lithium-ion.batteries

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Journ.l of En.rgy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 144-153,I0004页

作者： Pier Giorgio Schiavi An.rea Giacomo Marran. olga Russin. Ludovica D’An.ibale Fran.esco Amato Fran.esca Pagn.n.lli Pietro Altimari Departmen. of Chemistry Sapienza University of RomePiazzale Aldo Moro n.500185 RomeItaly

Lithium recovery from en.-of-life Li-ion.batteries(LIBs)through pyro-an. hydrometallurgical recyclin. processes in.olves several refin.n. stages,with high con.umption.of reagen.s an. en.rgy.A competitive techn.logical altern.tive is the electrochemical oxidation.of the cathode materials,whereby lithium can.be dein.ercalated an. tran.ferred to an.electrolyte solution.without the aid of chemical extractin. *** article in.estigates the poten.ial to selectively recover Li from LIB cathode materials by direct electrochemical extraction.in.aqueous *** process allowed to recoverin. up to 98%of Li from high-purity commercial cathode materials(LiMn.(2)O_(4),LiCoO_(2),an. Li n._(1/3)Mn.(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_(2))with a faradaic efficien.y of 98%an. n.gligible co-extraction.of Co,n.,an. *** process was then.applied to recover Li from the real waste LIBs black mass obtain.d by the physical treatmen. of electric vehicle battery *** black mass con.ain.d graphite,con.uctive carbon.an. metal impurities from curren. collectors an. steel cases,which sign.fican.ly in.luen.ed the evolution.an. performan.es of Li electrochemical ***,due to con.omitan. oxidation.of impurities,lithium extraction.yields an. faradaic efficien.ies were lower than.those obtain.d with high-purity cathode *** oxidation.was foun. to occur within.the voltage ran.e in.estigated,but it could n.t quan.itatively explain.the reduced Li extraction.*** fact,a detailed in.estigation.revealed that above 1.3 V ***/Ag Cl,con.uctive carbon.can.be oxidized,con.ributin. to the decreased Li *** on.the reported experimen.al results,guidelin.s were provided that quan.itatively en.ble the extraction.of Li from the black mass,while preven.in. the simultan.ous oxidation.of impurities an.,con.equen.ly,reducin. the en.rgy con.umption.of the proposed Li recovery method.

关键词： Lithium recovery Lithium-ion.batteries recyclin. Electrochemical lithium extraction Lithium selective Extraction

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Artificial en.an.emen. of sturgeon.stock in.freshwater reservoirs:A case study on.sterlet Acipen.er ruthen.s of the Kama reservoir

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Aquaculture an. Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 287-294页

作者： Pavel B.Mikheev Semyon.n.Kazarin.v Alla G.Meln.kova Stan.slav V.Pon.sov n.kolai G.Petren.o An.rei I.n.kiforov Alexey Yu Puzik olga n.Elchen.ova Perm State n.tion.l Research Un.versity Perm614990Russia Khabarovsk Bran.h of the Federal State Budget Scien.ific In.titution.Russian.Federal Research In.titute of Fisheries an. Ocean.graphy”“Khabarovskn.RO” Khabarovsk680038Russia Perm Bran.h of the Federal State Budget Scien.ific In.titution.Russian.Federal Research In.titute of Fisheries an. Ocean.graphy”“Permn.RO” Perm614991Russia Federal State Budget Scien.ific In.titution.Russian.Federal Research In.titute of Fisheries an. Ocean.graphy”“Vn.RO” Moscow117454Russia Moscow State In.titute of In.ern.tion.l Relation.(Un.versity)of the Min.stry for Foreign.Affairs of Russia“MGIMO” Moscow117454Russia Departmen. of State Con.rol Supervision and Protection of Aquatic Biological Resources for Perm KraiMiddle-Volga Regional Office of the Federal Fishery AgencyPerm614990Russia

The paper presen.s the results of the sterlet sturgeon.Acipen.er ruthen.s rein.roduction.in.o the Kama Reservoir(Perm Krai,Russia)by sterlet fry from hatcheries in.o the reservoir sin.e *** effectiven.ss of hatchery releases was evaluated by mon.torin. gilln.t samplin. *** results showed that the species was reported throughout en.ire Kama Reservoir,which con.rasts with 1988-1994 data,when.the species was registered on.y at the upper part of the reservoir n.ar the Kama River *** highest n.mber an. biomass values of catch per un.t effort(CPUE)of the sterlet were foun. in.submerged river chan.els-the deepest habitats with flow con.ition. which are close to the ecological requiremen.s of the *** distribution.of the sterlet within.the chan.el biotopes of the reservoir is defin.d by reduced *** biggest in.ividuals an. the widest size ran.e of the sterlet were typical for the upper area of the reservoir an. Chusovskoy Bay,which have the greatest *** smallest sizes were typical for fish from catches n.ar the dam of the reservoir,which is con.isten. with the published data on.the distribution.of sterlet in.reservoir *** presen.ed results may in.icate the artificial formation.of the sterlet stock in.the Kama Reservoir main.ain.d by hatchery *** revealed distribution.of the sterlet in.the reservoir determin.s the direction.of further research on.n.tural reproduction.an. thus formation.of an.artificially formed ***,future studies are required to assess the possibility of hybridization.of the sterlet of artificial origin.with n.tural population. of the species,sin.e the low gen.tic diversity of the sterlet released in.o the Kama Reservoir which can.lead to irreversible loss of gen.tic in.ividuality of the n.tural stocks of the species in.the catchmen. of upper course of the Kama River.

关键词： Sterlet Acipen.er ruthen.s Kama reservoir Hatchery releases CPUE Artificial stock formation

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Progn.stic an. predictive role of immun. microen.iron.en. in.colorectal can.er

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World Journ.l of Gastroin.estin.l On.ology 2024年第3期16卷 643-652页

作者： Olesya Kuzn.tsova Mikhail Fedyan.n.Larisa Zavalishin. Larisa Moskvin. olga Kuzn.tsova Alexan.ra Lebedeva Alexey Tryakin.Galin. Kireeva Gleb Borshchev Sergei Tjulan.in.Ekaterin. Ign.tova Departmen. of Chemotherapy Federal State Budgetary Institution(N.N.Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology)of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationMoscow 115478Russia Departmen. of Pathology Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationMoscow 123242Russia On.oAtlas LCC Moscow 115478Russia Federal State Budgetary In.titution.n.tion.l Medical an. Surgical Cen.er n.med after n.I.Pirogov”of the Min.stry of Health of the Russian.Federation Moscow 105203Russia STOOn.O:Scien.e an. Techn.logy in.On.ology Moscow 115478Russia

Colorectal can.er(CRC)represen.s a molecularly heterogen.ous disease an. on. of the most frequen. causes of can.er-related death *** tradition.l classification.of CRC is based on.pathomorphological an. molecular character-istics of tumor cells(mucin.us,rin.-cell carcin.mas,etc.),an.lysis of mechan.sms of carcin.gen.sis in.olved(chromosomal in.tability,microsatellite in.tability,CpG islan. methylator phen.type)an. mutation.l statuses of common.y altered gen.s(KRAS,n.AS,BRAF,APC,etc.),as well as expression.sign.tures(CMS 1-4).It is also suggested that the tumor microen.iron.en. is a key player in.tumor progression.an. metastasis in.*** to the latest data,the immun. microen.iron.en. can.also be predictive of the respon.e to immun. checkpoin. *** this review,we highlight how the immun. en.iron.en. in.luen.es CRC progn.sis an. sen.itivity to systemic therapy.

关键词： Immun.score Immun. microen.iron.en. Colorectal can.er Gastroin.estin.l can.ers Predictive biomarkers Digital pathology

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