To inve.tigate.climate.variability in Asia during the.last mille.nium, the.spatial and te.poral e.olution of summe.(June.July–August;JJA) te.pe.ature.in e.ste.n and south-ce.tral Asia is re.onstructe. using multi-pr...
To inve.tigate.climate.variability in Asia during the.last mille.nium, the.spatial and te.poral e.olution of summe.(June.July–August;JJA) te.pe.ature.in e.ste.n and south-ce.tral Asia is re.onstructe. using multi-proxy re.ords and the.re.ularize. e.pe.tation maximization(Re.e.M) algorithm with truncate. total le.st square.(TTLS), unde. a point-by-point re.re.sion(PPR) frame.ork. The.te.pe.ature.inde. re.onstructions show that the.late.20 th ce.tury was the.arme.t pe.iod in Asia ove. the.past mille.nium. The.te.pe.ature.fie.d re.onstructions illustrate.that te.pe.ature. in ce.tral, e.ste.n, and southe.n China during the.11 th and 13 th ce.turie., and in we.te.n Asia during the.12 th ce.tury, we.e.significantly highe. than those.in othe. re.ions, and comparable.to le.e.s in the.20 th ce.tury. e.ce.t for the.most re.e.t warming, all ide.tifie. warm e.e.ts showe. distinct re.ional e.pre.sions and none.we.e.uniform ove. the.e.tire.re.onstruction are.. The.main finding of the.study is that spatial te.pe.ature.patte.ns have. on ce.te.nial time.cale., varie. gre.tly ove. the.last mille.nium. More.ve., se.e. climate.mode. simulations, from the.Couple. Mode. Inte.comparison Proje.t Phase.5(CMIP5), ove. the.same.re.ion of Asia, are.all consiste.t with the.te.pe.ature.inde. re.onstruction at the.99 % confide.ce.le.e.. Only spatial te.pe.ature.patte.ns e.tracte. as the.first e.pirical orthogonal function(e.F) from the.GISS-e.-R and MPI-e.M-P mode. simulations are.significant and consiste.t with the.te.pe.ature.fie.d re.onstruction ove. the.past mille.nium in Asia at the.90 % confide.ce.le.e.. This indicate. that both the.re.onstruction and the.simulations de.ict the.te.poral climate.variability we.l ove. the.past mille.nium. Howe.e., the.spatial simulation or re.onstruction capability of climate.variability ove. the.past mille.nium could be.still limite.. For re.onstruction, some.grid points do not pass validation te.ts and re.e.l the.ne.d for more.proxie. with high te.poral re.
Non-alcoholic fatty live. dise.se.(NAFLD) is the.most common chronic live. dise.se. and its pre.ale.ce.is rising. NAFLD is close.y associate. with me.abolic syndrome. with both conditions sharing common clinical chara...
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Non-alcoholic fatty live. dise.se.(NAFLD) is the.most common chronic live. dise.se. and its pre.ale.ce.is rising. NAFLD is close.y associate. with me.abolic syndrome. with both conditions sharing common clinical characte.istics such as obe.ity, insulin re.istance. type.2 diabe.e. me.litus, hype.te.sion, and hype.triglyce.ide.ia. Se.e.al obse.vational studie. have.e.aluate. the.re.ationship be.we.n NAFLD and hype.te.sion, with the.ove.all e.ide.ce.sugge.ting a bidire.tional re.ationship. It is hypothe.ize. that activation of the.sympathe.ic ne.vous and re.in-angiote.sin syste.s, obse.ve. in NAFLD with or without insulin re.istance.promote. the.de.e.opme.t of hype.te.sion. In patie.ts with hype.te.sion, activation of the.e.syste.s can le.d to he.atic fibrosis and progre.sive.inflammation through incre.se. oxidative.stre.s and activation of he.atic ste.late.ce.ls and Kupffe. ce.ls. The.pre.e.t re.ie. e.amine. the.pathophysiologic and clinical e.ide.ce.supporting the.bidire.tional association be.we.n NAFLD and hype.te.sion.
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