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Coping with the effects of popula.ion a.eing on public fina.ces in the Europea. Union a.d China

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Economic a.d Politica. Studies 2016年第4期4卷 368-396页

作者： Heikki oksanen Depa.tment of Politica. a.d Economic Studies University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

The popula.ion a.e structure is cha.ging fa.t both in the Europea. welfa.e sta.es a.d in China.a. fertility rema.ns low a.d longevity continues to *** pressure on public pensions,hea.th ca.e a.d long-term ca.e expenditures is receiving increa.ed *** public fina.ces in the Euro a.ea.ca.l for pension reforms,especia.ly for ra.sing the retirement *** the cha.lenges a.e qua.ita.ively simila. in the EU a.d China.the qua.tita.ive picture is different:GDP per ca.ita.in China.is a.out 30%of tha. in the more a.va.ced sta.es of the EU,a.d the a.eingrela.ed public expenditures a. a.percenta.e of GDP is currently one qua.ter of this ra.io in the EU.a.pa.ticula. fa.tor in China.is migra.ion of workers to the cities a.d fa.tories from rura. *** a.ha.monious society,their rights to socia. security,including pensions a.d their children’s a.cess to educa.ion,require modernisa.ion of government *** retirement a.e in pra.tica.ly a.l EU countries a.d in China.is currently low,la.ging behind the increa.e in *** the ra.io of pa.ticipa.ing in working life to the a.era.e yea.s of retirement is a.key to modera.ing the pressures on public fina.ces.

关键词： Popula.ion a.eing pension reforms public expenditures fisca. policies Europea. Union China

Immunogenetic cha.a.teristics of pa.ients with a.toimmune ga.tritis

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2010年第3期16卷 354-358页

作者： a.no Mirja. oksanen Ka.ri Eerika.Ha.mila.Hilpi Iris Ka.rina.Ra.telin Jukka.a.tero Pa.ta.en Herttoniemi Hospita. Health Centre Finnish Red Cross Blood Service Clinical Laboratory Depa.tment of Ba.teriology a.d Immunology Haartman InstituteUniversity of Helsinki HUSLa. Helsinki University Central Hospital Depa.tment of Medica. Sciences University and University Hospital of Uppsala Finnish Red Cross Blood Service Research and Development

a.M:To explore whether predisposition to a.toimmune ga.tritis (a.G) is found in huma. leukocyte a.tigen (HLa., cytokine or killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene ***: Twelve Finnish pa.ients with a.toimmunetype severe a.rophy of the ga.tric corpus were included. The pa.ients' serum wa. a.a.yzed for pepsinogen-interleukin (IL)-1 gene cluster, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon γ, tra.sforming growth fa.tor β, a.d tumor necrosis fa.tor α. Va.ia.ion in KIR genes wa. a.so explored. The results were compa.ed with preva.ence of the polymorphisms in Finnish or Europea. ***: a.l pa.ients ha. pepsinogen-CONCLUSION: a. explored with modern DNa.ba.ed methods, HLa.DRB1*04 a.d DQB1*03 a.leles, but not HLa.B8-DRB1*03, ma. predispose to a.G.

关键词： a.rophic ga.tritis a.toimmune disea.es Cytokines Genetic polymorphisms Huma. leukocyte a.tigens Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor

a.socia.ion of a.toimmune type a.rophic corpus ga.tritis with Helicoba.ter pylori infection

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2010年第1期16卷 83-88页

作者： Lea.Irene Veijola.a.no Mirja. oksanen Pentti Ilma.i Sipponen Hilpi Iris Ka.rina.Ra.telin Herttoniemi Hospita. City of Helsinki Depa.tment of Ba.teriology a.d Immunology Haartman InstituteUniversity of Helsinki Repola. Oy Box 2602101 EspooFinland HUSLa. Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory Depa.tment of Medica. Sciences University of Uppsala

a.M:To study the a.socia.ion between Helicoba.ter pylori(***)infection a.d a.toimmune type a.rophic ga.tritis. METHODS:Twenty-three pa.ients with different gra.es of a.rophic ga.tritis were a.a.ysed using enzyme immunoa.sa.-ba.ed serology,immunoblot-ba.ed serology,a.d histology to revea. a.pa.t or a.present *** *** a.dition,serum ma.kers for ga.tric a.rophy(pepsinogenⅠ,pepsinogenⅠ/Ⅱa.d ga.trin)a.d a.toimmunity[pa.ieta. cell a.tibodies(PCa., a.d intrinsic fa.tor(IF),a.tibodies]were determined. RESULTS:Of the 14 pa.ients with severe ga.trica.rophy,a. demonstra.ed by histology a.d serum ma.kers,a.d no evidence for a. ongoing *** infection,eight showed *** a.tibodies by *** eight ha. eleva.ed PCa.a.d 4/8 a.so ha. IF *** the six immunoblot-nega.ive pa.ients with severe corpus a.rophy,PCa.a.d IF a.tibodies were detected in *** the pa.ients with low to modera.e gra.e a.rophic ga.tritis(a.l except one with a. ongoing *** infection),serum ma.kers for ga.tric a.rophy a.d a.toimmunity were seldom ***,one *** nega.ive pa.ient with mild a.rophic ga.tritis ha. PCa.a.d IF a.tibodies suggestive of a.pre-a.rophic a.toimmune ga.tritis. CONCLUSION:Signs of *** infection in a.toimmune ga.tritis,a.d positive a.toimmune serum ma.kers in *** ga.tritis suggest a. etiologica. role for *** in a.toimmune ga.tritis.

关键词： Helicoba.ter pylori a.toimmune ga.tritis Ga.tric a.rophy Vita.in B12 deficiency

Correla.ion of intestina. disa.cha.ida.e a.tivities with the C/T_(-13910) va.ia.t a.d a.e

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2007年第25期13卷 3508-3512页

作者： Na.il Sa.ri Ena.ta. Mikko Kuokka.en Ca.ol Forsblom Sira.edin Na.a. a.no oksanen Irm Jrvel Leena.Peltonen Erkki Sa.ila.ti Depa.tment of Molecula. Medicine National Public Health Institute Helsinki Finland and Department of Medical Genetics University of Helsinki Finland the Folkhlsa. Resea.ch Center Helsinki Division of Nephrology and Division of Internal Medicine Department of Medicine Helsinki University Central Hospital Depa.tment of Physiology Biophysics and Medicine (GI Division) Gastrointestinal Research Group Health Sciences Center University of Calgary Alberta Canada Herttoniemi Hospita. Helsinki Finland La.ora.ory of Molecula. Genetics Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland Hospita. for Children a.d a.olescents University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

a.M： To correla.e the C/T-13910 va.ia.t, a.socia.ed with la.ta.e persistence/non-persistence （a.ulttype hypola.ta.ia. tra.t, with intestina. disa.cha.ida.e a.tivities in different a.e groups of the a.ult popula.ion.METHODS： Intestina. biopsies were obta.ned from 222 a.ults a.ed 18 to 83 yea.s undergoing upper ga.trointestina. endoscopy beca.se of unspecified a.domina. compla.nts. The biopsies were a.sa.ed for la.ta.e, sucra.e a.d ma.ta.e a.tivities a.d genotyped for the C/T-13910 va.ia.t using PCR-minisequencing. RESULTS： There wa. a.significa.t correla.ion between la.ta.e a.tivity a.d the C/T-13910 va.ia.t （P 〈 0.00001）. The mea. level of la.ta.e a.tivity a.ong subjects with C/C-1391o genotype wa. 6.86± 0.35 U/g, with C/T-13910 genotype 37.8 ± 1.4 U/g, a.d with T/T-13910 genotype 57.6± 2.4 U/g protein, showing a.trimoda. distribution of this enzyme a.tivity. Significa.t differences were a.so observed in ma.ta.e a.tivities a.ong individua.s with different C/T-13910 genotypes （P = 0.005）. In contra.t, in sucra.e a.tivity, no significa.t differences emerged between the C/T-13910 genotypes （P = 0.14）. There were no sta.istica. differences in la.ta.e （P = 0.84）, sucra.e （P = 0.18）, or ma.ta.e a.tivity （P = 0.24） a.ong different a.e groups. In the ma.ority （〉 84%） of the pa.ients with the C/C-13910 genotype a.socia.ed with la.ta.e non- persistence, the la.ta.e a.tivity wa. less tha. 10 U/g protein.CONCLUSION： Our study demonstra.es a.sta.istica.ly significa.t correla.ion between the C/T-13910 genotype a.d la.ta.e a.tivity a.d this correla.ion is not a.fected by a.e in a.ults but the cut-off va.ue of 20 U/g protein used for the dia.nosis of la.ta.e non-persistence might be too high.

关键词： a.ult-type hypola.ta.ia La.ta.e persistence Disa.cha.ida.e a.tivities C/T-1390 genotype a.e

Cha.a.terizing a.d Understa.ding Development of Socia. Computing Through DBLP: a.Da.a.Driven a.a.ysis

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Journa. of Socia. Computing 2022年第4期3卷 287-302页

作者： Jia.i Wu Bodia. Ye Qingyua. Gong a.te oksanen Cong Li Jingjing Qu Felicia.F.Tia. Xia.g Li Ya.g Chen the Sha.gha. Key La. of Intelligent Informa.ion Processing the School of Computer ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China the Fa.ulty of Socia. Sciences Tampere UniversityTampere 33100Finland School of Informa.ion Science a.d Technology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Sha.gha. a.tificia. Intelligence La.ora.ory Shanghai 200232China. School of Socia. Development a.d Public Policy Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China. Institute of Complex Networks a.d Intelligent Systems Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous SystemsTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China.

During the pa.t deca.es,the term“socia. computing”ha. become a.promising interdisciplina.y a.ea.in the intersection of computer science a.d socia. *** this work,we conduct a.da.a.driven study to understa.d the development of socia. computing using the da.a.collected from Digita. Bibliogra.hy a.d Libra.y Project(DBLP),a.representa.ive computer science bibliogra.hy *** ha.e observed a.series of trends in the development of socia. computing,including the evolution of the number of publica.ions,popula. keywords,top venues,interna.iona. colla.ora.ions,a.d resea.ch *** findings will be helpful for resea.chers a.d pra.titioners working in releva.t fields.

关键词： socia. computing Digita. Bibliogra.hy a.d Libra.y Project(DBLP) bibliometric evolution visua.iza.ion

License to Mine: a.Compa.ison of the Scope of the Environmenta. a.sessment in Sweden, Finla.d a.d Russia

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Na.ura. Resources 2015年第4期6卷 237-255页

作者： Ma.ia.Pettersson a.niina.oksanen Ta.ia.a.Minga.eva.Victor Petrov Vla.imir Ma.loboev Depa.tment of Socia. Sciences Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Fa.ulty of La. University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland Institute of Industria. Ecology Problems in the North Kola Science Centre Russian Academy of Science Apatity Russia

The regula.ory fra.ework for mining opera.ions is complex;the licensing process in pa.ticula. typica.ly involves severa. la.s a.d a.number of permits. This pa.er a.sumes tha. the regula.ory fra.ework is strongly influenced by the institutiona. fra.ework of which it is pa.t, a.d tha. it suffers from a. institutiona. pa.h dependence tha. ma. decrea.e the efficiency of the system a. well a. a.t ba.rier to the implementa.ion of necessa.y environmenta. requirements. The pa.er provides: 1) a.lega. a.a.ysis of the regula.ory fra.ework governing mining opera.ions in Sweden, Finla.d a.d Russia.a.d 2) a.compa.a.ive a.a.ysis of the scope of the environmenta. a.sessment within the licensing process in the exa.ined countries. The result of the a.a.ysis of the regula.ory fra.eworks shows grea. simila.ity between the Swedish a.d the Finnish systems, both in terms of the overa.l structure a.d the implementa.ion of substa.tive environmenta. rules. The Russia. system differs in this respect, with more decla.a.ive rules a.d seemingly less substa.tive a.sessments. The results a.so indica.e tha. the regula.ory fra.eworks in a.l three countries show signs of institutiona. pa.h dependence, but in very different degrees. Though Russia.ha. indeed implemented ma.or cha.ges in the forma. structure, very little ha. cha.ged in pra.tice. The Swedish regula.ory fra.ework for mining shows a.deficient systema.ics a.d conflicting objectives, despite the implementa.ion of a.comprehensive environmenta. legisla.ion. The recently reformed Finnish system seems to ha.e a.more holistic a.proa.h.

关键词： Lega. Fra.ework Licensing Process Environmenta. La. EIA Mining Industry Institutiona. Fra.ework Pa.h Dependence

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中国养老保险制度——改革方案的初步测评

社会保障研究(北京) 2010年第2期 3-38页

作者： Heikki oksanen 李钥欧盟委员会

本文旨在分析目前呈碎片化的、仅覆盖55%的城镇职工和极少数农村人口的中国养老保险制度的改革方案。在简要回顾中国养老保险的历史后,我们列举了近期的一些改革建议并探讨了养老保险改革的原则,将重心放在降低缴费率以提高参与度和扩... 详细信息

本文旨在分析目前呈碎片化的、仅覆盖55%的城镇职工和极少数农村人口的中国养老保险制度的改革方案。在简要回顾中国养老保险的历史后,我们列举了近期的一些改革建议并探讨了养老保险改革的原则,将重心放在降低缴费率以提高参与度和扩大覆盖面方面。由于中国人口正在迅速老龄化,我们阐释了向名义账户(NDC)制度的过渡,以调整养老保险制度规则,应对由于人口寿命不断增长引起的老年化风险。将积累的养老金权利转入名义账户,并开始应用基于NDC模式新指数化规则,不一定使中国的养老保险制度跨入一个无法预测的危险境地,相反,这将是一种有效的、值得期待的、能够让相关规则更加明确、通向一个更加统一的全国性保障制度的道路。在基于中国数据的模拟模型的帮助下,我们形成了一系列的养老保险改革方案并对其特点进行了评估。

关键词：中国老龄化养老保险改革

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生物多样性的道德伦理价值

人类环境杂志 1997年第8期26卷 533-537页

作者： Ma.kku oksanen 闵庆文 Depa.tment of Philosophy

本文从环境伦理学角度分析了生物多样性保护在道德上是否合理,即生物多样性本身是否能作为环境伦理上的道德归宿。按照最终的收益者标准进行分类,可区分为人类中心论、生物中心论和生态中心论的几种不同的观点。总的说来,它们并不赞成... 详细信息

本文从环境伦理学角度分析了生物多样性保护在道德上是否合理,即生物多样性本身是否能作为环境伦理上的道德归宿。按照最终的收益者标准进行分类,可区分为人类中心论、生物中心论和生态中心论的几种不同的观点。总的说来,它们并不赞成将生物多样性视为具有内在价值的东西,而是作为派生的伦理价值。也就是说,地球生命的无数特征是由于其具有实用价值(instrumenta. va.ue)而被以多种形式保持。Na.ss的伦理生态学(deep ecology)是唯一以强调生物多样性的内在价值(intrinsic va.ue)的观点,但这个观点已被证明是存在着问题的。

关键词：生物多样性价值道德伦理价值环境伦理学

Emerging cha.lenges of ozone impa.ts on a.ia. pla.ts:a.tions a.e needed to protect ecosystem hea.th

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Ecosystem Hea.th a.d Susta.na.ility 2021年第1期7卷 107-120页

作者： Zha.zhong Feng Evgenios a.a.hokleous Xu Yue Elina.oksanen Elena.Pa.letti Hiroyuki Sa.e a.thony Ga.din Ta.a.oshi Koike Vicent Ca.a.a.ud Xia.gya.g Yua. Xuejun Liu a.essa.dra.De Ma.co Yves Jolivet Sa.i Kontunen-Soppela.Ya.utomo Hoshika.Hika.u Sa.i Pin Li Zhengzhen Li Ma.oto Wa.a.a.e Ka.uhiko Koba.a.hi Key La.ora.ory of a.rometeorology of Jia.gsu Province School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina School of Environmenta. Science a.d Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina Depa.tment of Environmenta. a.d Biologica. Sciences University of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland Institute of Resea.ch on Terrestria. Ecosystems National Research CouncilSesto FiorentinoItaly Ecologica. Impa.t Resea.ch Depa.tment Asia Center for Air Pollution Research(ACAP)NiigataNishi-kuJapan a.roPa.isTech INRAUMR SilvaUniversitéDe LorraineNancyFrance Depa.tment of Forest Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan Funda.ión CEa. ValenciaPaternaSpain Sta.e Key La.ora.ory of Urba. a.d Regiona. Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Resources a.d Environmenta. Sciences Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOEBeijing Key Laboratory of Cropland Pollution Control and RemediationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Depa.tment for Susta.na.ility(SSPT) Italian National Agency for New TechnologiesEnergy and Sustainable Economic Development(ENEA)RomeItaly Center for Environmenta. Biology a.d Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental StudiesIbarakiTsukubaJapan Institute of a.riculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyoFuchuJapan Gra.ua.e School of a.ricultura. a.d Life Sciences the University of TokyoTokyoBunkyo-kuJapan

Context:Ozone concentra.ions nea. the la.d surfa.e a.e rising in a.ia.while they a.e declining or sta.na.ing in Europe a.d North *** is the most widesprea. a.r polluta.t nega.ively a.fecting vegeta.ion,a.d its increa.ed concentra.ions pose a.ma.or threa. to food qua.ity a.d production a.d other ecosystem services in ***:In this review,we provide a. overview of scientific cha.lenges in the impa.ts of ozone pollution on a.ia. vegeta.ion,a.d synthesize the cha.lenges towa.d mitiga.ion of the ***:We a.gue tha. new policy initia.ives need to seek both reduction of ozone levels a.d enha.cement of pla.t tolera.ce to ozone to ma.nta.n food qua.ity a.d ensure food ***:The scientific a.va.cements must be tra.sferred to a.tions by two types of institutions:a.environmenta. a.encies for reducing ozone levels a.d b)a.ricultura. resea.ch institutions for enha.cing pla.t tolera.ce to *** connecting the scientific a.va.cements with the institutiona. a.tions,scientists in a.ia. countries should pla. the key role ta.ing a.va.ta.es of interdisciplina.y a.d interna.iona. colla.ora.ions.

关键词： a.ia a.r pollution monitoring ecosystem hea.th environmenta. regula.ion ozone impa.t mitiga.ion vegeta.ion