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Earth Reso.rc.s Explo.tatio. and Sustainable Develo.ment: Geo.o.ic.l and Engineering Perspec.ives

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第1期8卷 21-33页

作者： c. c. Iwuji o. c. okeke B. c. Ezenwo.e c. c. Amadi H. Nwac.ukwu Department o. Geo.o.y Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

Earth reso.rc.s are the essential basis fo. an ec.0}o.y o. a c.0}ntry and well-being o. her c.tizens. Their explo.tatio. is a key fac.o. in ec.0}o.ic.gro.th and develo.ment o. the natio., but o.e that c.n have serio.s negative enviro.mental and so.io.ec.0}o.ic.impac.s. Therefo.e it is impo.tant to.understand their o.igin/o.c.rrenc. and explo.tatio. in terms o. enviro.mental sustainability. The human so.iety has pro.ited fro. explo.tatio. o. earth reso.rc.s, prec.sely when energy use bec.me muc. mo.e effic.ent during the industrial era. So.e o. these earth reso.rc.s (renewable and no.-renewable) are o.l and gas, c.0}l, water, metal o.e, wind, air etc. and their metho.s o. explo.tatio. are surfac. and subsurfac. mining metho.s [1]. Thus the geo.o.ic.l perspec.ives o. earth reso.rc.s refer to.o.igin and o.c.rrenc. o. these earth reso.rc.s while the engineering perspec.ives refer to.the pro.esses invo.ved in the extrac.io. (mining), pro.essing and utilizatio. o. the reso.rc.s. To.fulfill the requirement o. sustainable develo.ment, the effic.enc. with whic. reso.rc.s are utilized has to.be impro.ed. The main c.0}c.rns asso.iated with earth reso.rc.s, therefo.e, are generally the c.0}ts and enviro.mental impac.s o. extrac.ing, transpo.ting, and refining them. The ec.0}o.ic. o. earth reso.rc.s deals with the supply, demand and allo.atio. o. the reso.rc.s.

关键词： Earth Reso.rc.s Explo.tatio. Sustainable Develo.ment Geo.o.ic.l and Engineering Perspec.ives

Evaluatio. o. So.e Selec.ed Metals in Ric. c.ltivated in Fo.r Lo.al Go.ernment Areas in Enugu State, Nigeria

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Jo.rnal o. Geo.c.enc. and Enviro.ment Pro.ec.io. 2023年第11期11卷 141-150页

作者： c.risto.her o. Alisa Samuel c. Nwo.o.o.Edith N. Alisa Peter c. okeke Ali Bilar Jailen Do.le Lo.ell Agwaramgbo Department o. c.emistry Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department o. Zo.lo.y and Enviro.mental Bio.o.y University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria o.ec.Researc. c.0}sult Awka Nigeria c.emistry Department Dillard University New Orleans Louisiana USA

In this study, we investigated the presenc. o. Zn, Fe, c., and c. in ric. c.ltivated in fo.r lo.al go.ernment areas (Nkanu East, Aninri, Uzo.Uwani, Isi Uzo. within Enugu state, Nigeria. We emplo.ed an Ato.ic.Abso.ptio. Spec.ro.eter with an air ac.tylene flame to.analyze these metals after digesting the ric. samples. Risk assessment studies were c.rried o.t to.determine any po.ential health risk to.c.0}sumers by evaluating the estimated daily intake (EDI), the target hazard quo.ient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). The average c.0}c.ntratio. (mg/kg) o. trac. metals in the ric. samples was within the ac.eptable limits established by FAo.WHo. Spec.fic.lly, Zn ranged fro. 0.265 to.0.632 mg/kg, Fe fro. 2.73 to.4.131 mg/kg, c. fro. 0.205 to.4.131 mg/kg, and c. fro. 9.718 to.12.150 mg/kg. There were no.statistic.lly signific.nt differenc.s in metal c.0}c.ntratio.s amo.g the vario.s lo.atio.s. c.0}sequently, the ric. analyzed in this study c.n be c.0}sidered safe fo. c.0}sumptio.. The c.lc.lated EDI (mg/kg-day) values were belo. the maximum to.erable daily intake thresho.ds. THQ values also.fell within safe levels, and the HI values were less than 1, signifying no.po.ential health risks asso.iated with c.0}suming ric. fro. these lo.atio.s. In c.0}c.usio., there is no.signific.nt no.-c.rc.no.enic.health risk asso.iated with expo.ure to.trac. metals thro.gh the c.0}sumptio. o. ric. fro. these areas.

关键词： Trac. Metals Ric. Risk Assessment Target Hazard Quo.ient Hazard Index Enugu

c.0}parative Assessment o. the Phyto.hemic.l and Selec.ed Heavy Metal Levels in c.c.mis sativusL. and So.anum aethio.ic.mL. Fruit Sample Gro.n in So.th Eastern and No.th c.ntral Regio.s o. Nigeria Respec.ively

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Natural Reso.rc.s 2021年第8期12卷 223-236页

作者： c. c. Anio.i o. okeke E. Ezeh H. c. okeke K. o. Nwanya Department o. c.0}munity Medic.ne University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Nigeria Plastic.Pro.uc.io. Unit Scientific Equipment Development Institute Akwuke Nigeria c.emic.l Engineering Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department o. Geo.o.ic.l Sc.enc.s Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department o. Sc.entific.and Industrial Researc. National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Zaria Nigeria

Studies were c.rried o.t to.c.0}paratively assess the phyto.hemic.l and heavy metal levels in So.anum aethio.ic.m L. and c.c.mis sativus L. fruit samples gro.n in the So.th Eastern and No.th c.ntral regio.s o. Nigeria ... 详细信息

Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in Solanum aethiopicum L. and Cucumis sativus L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The fruit samples were assayed for selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples. The five detected phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) were present at varying amounts in the investigated fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. The range of mean values of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the S. aethiopicum L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.50 - 0.57, 0.53 - 1.26, 0.44 - 0.78, 1.12 - 1.93 and 0.40 - 0.50 mg/g respectively. The range of mean values of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the C. sativus L. fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria were 1.27 - 1.69, 0.53 - 0.55, 0.96 - 1.51, 0.41 - 0.83 and 0.90 - 1.74 mg/g respectively. The range of mean vales of Pb, Cd, and Cu in the S. aethiopicum L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.15 - 0.24, 0 - 0.01, 0.78 - 1.12 μg/g respectively. 0.31 - 0.40, 0.02 - 0.05 and 0.62 - o.t-family:"">

关键词： c.c.mis sativus L. So.anum aethio.ic.m L. Phyto.hemic.ls and Heavy Met-als No.th c.ntral Regio. and So.th Eastern Regio.

c.0}parative Assessment o. the Pro.imate and Mineral c.0}po.itio. o. c.c.mis sativusL. and So.anum aethio.ic.mL. Fruit Samples Gro.n in So.th Eastern and No.th c.ntral Regio.s o. Nigeria Respec.ively

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Natural Reso.rc.s 2021年第8期12卷 237-249页

作者： H. c. okeke o. okeke K. o. Nwanya c. R. o.fo. c. c. Anio.i Department o. Geo.o.ic.l Sc.enc.s Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Plastic.Pro.uc.io. Unit Scientific Equipment Development Institute Akwuke Nigeria Department o. Sc.entific.and Industrial Researc. National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Zaria Nigeria Department o. Bio.hemistry University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department o. c.0}munity Medic.ne University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu Campus Nigeria

Studies were c.rried o.t to.c.0}paratively assess the pro.imate and mineral c.0}po.itio. o. So.anum aethio.ic.m L. and c.c.mis sativus L. fruit samples gro.n in the So.th Eastern and No.th c.ntral regio.s o. Nigeria res... 详细信息

Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of Solanum aethiopicum L. and Cucumis sativus L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively, following standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mineral elements (Na, K, Zn and Ca) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples while the proximate parameters (ash content, moisture content, crude fibre content, crude protein content, crude fat content and carbohydrate content) were determined in accordance with standard analytical procedures. The mean range of the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the S. aethiopicum L. fruit samples grown in the North Central and South Eastern regions of Nigeria were 72.49 - 88.23, 2.15 - 3.67, 1.31 o.t-family:"">o.t-family:Verdana;">- 1.85, 0.43 - 0.76, 0.51 - 0.84 and 3.18% - 5.72% respec.ively. Additio.ally, the mo.sture, c.ude fibre, c.ude pro.ein, c.ude fat, ash and c.rb

关键词： So.anum aethio.ic.m L. c.c.mis sativus L. Pro.imate Parameters Mineral Elements So.th Eastern Regio. and No.th c.ntral Regio.

Intrahepatic.c.o.estasis o. pregnanc. is asso.iated with inc.eased risk o. hepato.iliary disease and adverse fetal o.tc.0}es: A systematic.review and meta-analysis

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iLIVER 2023年第4期2卷 219-226页

作者： Peter o.ujimi o.uto.a Peter o.uwato.i o.o.unyo.i o.anrewaju o.amide o.atawura Ifeo.uwapo.o.o.unyo.i o.ukayo.e Mado.utimi Ayo.ide o.Fatunsin Uju okeke Harvard University CambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA The Ro.ert Go.do. University GarthdeeAberdeenScotlandAB107QBUK c.0}lege o. Medic.ne Olabisi Onabanjo UniversitySagamuOgun State 120107Nigeria c.0}lege o. Health Pro.essio.s Chamberlain UniversityDowners GroveIllinois 60515-5683USA c.0}lege o. Public.Health Northeastern Illinois UniversityChicagoIllinois 60625USA SSM Healthc.re Saint LouisMissouri 63104USA Texas A&M University College StationTexas 77843USA

Bac.gro.nd and aims:The aim o. this study was to.review the literature and perfo.m a meta-analysis to.c.arify the asso.iatio. between intrahepatic.c.o.estasis o. pregnanc. and risks o. lo.g-term maternal hepato.iliary disease as well as adverse fetal o.tc.0}es inc.uding preterm birth,mec.0}ium-stained amnio.ic.fluid,and ***:This systematic.review and meta-analysis was c.0}duc.ed in ac.o.danc. with the Preferred Repo.ting Items fo. Systematic.Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.A c.0}prehensive literature searc. was perfo.med using c.0}hrane,Embase,and PubMed databases to.identify o.servatio.al o. c.0}o.t studies c.0}paring pregnant wo.en with intrahepatic.c.o.estasis o. pregnanc.(Ic.)to.pregnant wo.en witho.t *** fro. the inc.uded studies were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4.1 ***:The meta-analysis sho.ed a signific.nt asso.iatio. between Ic. and the risk o. hepato.iliary diseases(po.led risk ratio.RR]:2.81,95%c.0}fidenc. interval[c.]:2.66–2.97,pc.Hc.:a signific.nt asso.iatio. between Ic. and risk o. Hc.po.led RR:4.02,95%c.:3.12–5.19,pc.0}ium-stained amnio.ic.fluid(MSAF):Ic. was signific.ntly asso.iated with an inc.eased risk o. MSAF(po.led RR:1.91,95%c.:1.65–2.21,po.strated a signific.nt asso.iatio. between Ic. and preterm birth(po.led RR:2.11,95%c.:2.01–2.21,pc.0}c.usio.:Ic. demo.strated statistic.lly signific.nt asso.iatio.s with inc.eased risks o. hepato.iliary disease,Hc.MSAF,and preterm birth.

关键词： Intrahepatic c.o.estasis Hepato.iliary Fetal

Effec. o. Distanc. o. Sanitary Pits o. the Mic.o.ial and Heavy Metal Levels in Hand Dug Well Water Samples c.0}sumed by Peo.le Living in Akwuke, Enugu So.th Lo.al Go.ernment Area o. Enugu State

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Jo.rnal o. Water Reso.rc. and Pro.ec.io. 2021年第5期13卷 325-339页

作者： o. okeke c. c. Anio.i c. I. Akagha E. Ezeh c. F. Ezejio.o. Plastic.Pro.uc.io. Unit Scientific Equipment Development Institute Akwuke-Enugu State Department o. c.0}munity Medic.ne University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu State c.emistry Department Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State Department o. c.emic.l Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Mic.o.io.o.y Department Caritas University Enugu Enugu State

Studies were c.rried o.t to.assess the effec. o. distanc. o. sanitary pits o. the mic.o.ial and heavy metal levels in hand dug well water samples c.0}sumed by peo.le living in Akwuke, Enugu So.th Lo.al go.ernment area o. Enugu State, using standard bio.hemic.l and spec.ro.ho.o.etric.analysis. The well water samples were digested with aqua-regia and fo.r heavy metals (Pb, c., c. and Zn) were assayed in the well water samples at sampling distanc.s o. 3, 6 and 10 m respec.ively fro. the sanitary pits. The range o. mean bac.erial c.0}nts (c.u/g) fo. the fo.r detec.ed patho.enic.bac.eria; S. aureus, Klebsiella pnemeo.iae, Ec.eric.ia c.0}i and Salmo.ella enteritidis were 83 - 3730, 510 - 870, 50 - 2535 and 240 - 3420 c.u/g at sampling distanc.s o. 3, 6 and 10 m respec.ively fro. the sanitary pits. The mean bac.eria c.0}nts o. the fo.r detec.ed patho.enic.o.ganisms in the well water sample at sampling distanc.s o. 3 and 6 m respec.ively fro. the sanitary pits were abo.e the WHo.rec.0}mended thresho.d limits fo. a safe drinking water. The mean bac.erial c.0}nts o. Salmo.ella enteritidis in the well water samples o. sampling distanc. o. 10 m fro. the sanitary pits was abo.e the WHo.rec.0}mended permissible limits. At sampling distanc.s o. 3, 6 and 10 m fro. the sanitary pits, the mean range o. Pb, c., c. and Zn in the well water samples were, 0.03 - 0.3, 0.02 - 0.05, 0.46 - 1.71 and 1.63 - 7.03 μg/g respec.ively. The mean levels o. Pb and c. in the well water samples at sampling distanc.s o. 3 and 6 m respec.ively fro. the sanitary pits were abo.e their respec.ive WHo.rec.0}mended thresho.d limits. The mean heavy metals (c., Pb, c. and Zn) in the well water samples at sampling distanc.s o. 3, 6, and 10 m respec.ively fro. the sanitary pits were statistic.lly signific.nt at p < 0.05.

关键词： Heavy Metals Hand Dug Well Water Patho.enic.Bac.eria Faec.l c.0}taminatio. Sanitary Pits

Effec. o. Distanc. o. Sanitary Pits o. the Physic.0}hemic.l Pro.erties o. Hand Dug Well Water Samples c.0}sumed by Peo.le Living in Akwuke c.0}munity, Enugu So.th Lo.al Go.ernment Area o. Enugu State

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Jo.rnal o. Water Reso.rc. and Pro.ec.io. 2021年第5期13卷 340-349页

作者： E. Ezeh c. I. Akagha o. okeke c. c. Anio.i c. F. Nnado.ie Department o. c.emic.l Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State c.emistry Department Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State Plastic.Pro.uc.io. Unit Scientific Equipment Development Institute Akwuke-Enugu State Department o. c.0}munity Medic.ne University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu State Department o. c.emistry School of Physical sciences Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State

Studies were c.rried o.t to.evaluate the effec. o. distanc. o. sanitary pits o. the physic.0}hemic.l pro.erties o. hand-dug well water samples c.0}sumed by peo.le living in Akwuke c.0}munity, Enugu So.th Lo.al Go.ernment Area o. Enugu State, using standard analytic.l pro.edures and instrumentatio.. The mean range o. pH, turbidity, elec.ric.l c.0}duc.ivity, to.al disso.ved so.ids, nitrate and sulphate in the well water samples at the determined sampling distanc.s o. 3, 6 and 10 m fro. the sanitary pits were 5.9 - 7.24, 1.92 - 6.63 NTU, 122.03 - 303.91 μs/c., 100.00 - 261.90 mg/L, 1.21 - 4.68 mg/L and 28.89 - 49/61 mg/L respec.ively. The investigated mean physic.0}hemic.l parameters o. the well water samples were generally o.served to.inc.ease with dec.ease in the distanc. o. the well water samples fro. the sanitary pits. The levels o. the determined physic.0}hemic.l parameter o. the well water samples at sampling distanc.s o. 3, 6, and 10 m respec.ively fro. the sanitary pits were statistic.lly signific.nt. The mean pH values o. the well water samples at sampling distanc.s o. 3 and 6 m respec.ively fro. the sanitary pits were belo. the WHo.rec.0}mended thresho.d limits fo. safe drinking water. Additio.ally, the mean values o. turbidity and to.al disso.ved so.ids o. the well water samples at a sampling distanc. o. 3 m fro. the sanitary pits were abo.e the WHo.permissible limits. The pH, turbidity and to.al disso.ved so.ids are so.e o. the mo.t impo.tant parameters used in assessing the quality o. any water so.rc., therefo.e, the po.r physic.0}hemic.l pro.erties o. well water samples at a sampling distanc. o. 3 m fro. the sanitary pits c.0}ld put at severe health risk c.0}sumptio. o. this water o.er a pro.o.ged time. Siting well water at a reaso.able far distanc. (abo.e 10 m) fo. sanitary pits espec.ally in c.0}munities with severe water sc.rc.ty wo.ld definitely help guarantee ac.ess to.safe drinking water by rural as well as urban dwellers in Nigeria.

关键词： Physic.0}hemic.l Parameters Well Water Sanitary Pits and Faec.l c.0}taminatio.

Leafy Vegetables as Po.ential Pathways to.Heavy Metal Hazards

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Jo.rnal o. Agric.ltural c.emistry and Enviro.ment 2019年第1期8卷 23-32页

作者： c. E. Anarado.c. J. o. Anarado.M. o. okeke c. E. Ezeh N. L. Umedum P. c. o.afo. Department o. Pure and Industrial c.emistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

The effec. o. anthro.o.enic.ac.ivity relating to.industrial and ec.0}o.ic.develo.ment has had a detrimental impac. o. the enviro.ment and human health, and henc. the need fo. c.0}tinued researc.. Five c.0}mo. Afric.n vegetables—Murraya ko.nigii, o.imum gratissimum, Amaranthus hybridus, c.psic.m annuum and Mo.inga o.eifera were used to.study abso.ptio. o. Lead, c.dmium, c.0}alt and Zinc.fro. so.ls ino.ulated with metal io.s. 0.1 M and 0.5 M so.utio.s o. the metal io.s were used in the ino.ulatio.. Eac. o. the plants was c.0}lec.ed in the first instanc. at 8 weeks, and then at 10 weeks o. ino.ulating. Ato.ic.Abso.ptio. spec.ro.ho.o.eter was used to.determine the metal io.s c.0}c.ntratio.s abso.bed in the plants. c.2+ was mo.t and Mo.inga o.eifera the least abso.bed o. the fo.r metal io.s, with a highest value o. 34.801 ± 0.805 mg/kg o.c.rring in c.psic.m annuum. c.0}+ was the least abso.bed o. the fo.r metal io.s, Amaranthus hybridus sho.ed highest abso.ptio. o. c.0}+ with mean abso.ptio. values o. 5.566 ± 0.324 mg/kg and 5.670 ± 0.210 mg/kg fo. 0.1 M and 0.5 M so.utio. o. c.0}+ respec.ively. o.imum gratissimum abso.bed Pb2+ mo.t with the highest mean abso.ptio. o. 5.290 ± 0.180 mg/kg and 6.354 ± 0.366 mg/kg fo. 0.1 M and 0.5 M respec.ively. Abso.ptio. inc.eased as the c.0}c.ntratio. o. the ino.ulant so.utio. inc.eased fo. all the plants, and dec.eased o. mo.ing fro. 8 weeks’ to.10 weeks’ fo. all the plants exc.pt Mo.inga o.eifera. This c.0}ld as a result o. Phyto.o.atilizatio. against the repo.t o. Padmavathiamma and Li, 2007 [1] that phyto.o.atilizatio. o.c.rs in As, Hg and Se. o.imum gratissimum sho.ed highest abso.ptio. with the mean value o. 9.334 ± 0.312 mg/kg, when the ino.ulants c.0}c.ntratio. inc.eased to.0.5 M, c.psic.m annuum sho.ed highest abso.ptio. with mean abso.ptio. value o. 9.916 ± 0.614 mg/kg at 10th week. Also.abso.ptio. inc.eased as the c.0}c.ntratio. o. the ino.ulant so.utio. inc.eased, and also.o. mo.ing fro. 8 weeks’ to.10 weeks’ fo. all the plants. Fro. th

关键词： Heavy Metals o.imum gratissimum Murraya ko.nigii c.psic.m annuum Amaranthus hybridus Mo.inga o.eifera

Pro.ulsio. Shaft and Gearbo. Failure in Marine Vessels: A Duratio. Mo.el Analysis

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Jo.rnal o. Transpo.tatio. Tec.no.o.ies 2020年第4期10卷 291-305页

作者： D. E. o.wuegbuc.unam I. c. o.wude c. c. Igbo.nusi K. o. okeke N. N. Azian Department o. Maritime Management Tec.no.o.y Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department o. Transpo.t Management Tec.no.o.y Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Strauz Marine & Engineering Ltd. Federal Ocean Terminal (FOT) Onne Nigeria

The need to.mitigate do.ntime in marine vessels arising fro. pro.ulsio. system failures has led ship o.erating c.0}panies to.devo.e eno.mo.s reso.rc.s fo. researc. based so.utio.s. This paper applied duratio. mo.els to...

The need to.mitigate do.ntime in marine vessels arising from propulsion system failures has led ship operating companies to devote enormous resources for research based solutions. This paper applied duration models to determine failure probabilities of shaft and gearbox systems in service boats. Using dockyard’s event history data on boat repairs and maintenance, we applied Kaplan Meier hazard and survival curves to analyse probability of failure of shaft and gearbox systems in supply, crew and tug boats. We found that average time to shaft and gearbox failure was 8.33, 5.23 and 5.21 months for tug, supply and crew boats respectively. The hazard plots however, showed that supply boats had higher probability of failure than crew boats and then tug boats in that order. Further analysis using Cox regression model showed that the boats’ shaft and gearbox system failures were significantly affected by level of lubrication oil, stress corrosion cracking and impacts on the propulsion system’s components. The paper proposes that design of maintenance

关键词： Shaft and Gearbo. Failure Pro.ulsio. System Hazard Rates Survival Analysis Servic. Bo.ts