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Trials for Gathering Information on an Unknown Peak in the GC-MS Spectra of Horse and Pony Hair Extracts

Advances in Entomology 2021年第2期9卷 100-111页

作者： Maia Tsikolia Till Opatz Ulrich Kauhl nur.ayat tabanca Betul Demirci Saundra H. TenBroeck Kenneth J. Linthicum Ulrich R. Bernier US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE) Gainesville FL USA Nichbisi Scientific Research Center (NSRC) Mtskheta Georgia Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Mainz Mainz Germany US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Subtropical Horticulture Research Station (SHRS) Miami FL USA Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Anadolu University Eskisehir Turkey University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) Horse Teaching Unit Gainesville FL USA

The volatile compounds from horse and pony hairs and skin were analyzed to determine bioactive molecules that are kairomones used for host location by blood-feeding diptera. In this study, horse and pony hair samples were extracted with organic solvents (pentane or hexane) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) with closed electron ionization (CEI). Using the GC-MS analysis, we observed a compound peak, which could not be identified by comparison to mass spectra in the mass spectral library. This unknown compound was often the largest peak in the chromatogram and had a retention index and mass spectral fragmentation similar to nonanal. However, there were several differences in the fragmentation pattern. When compared to a nonanal reference standard, it was evident that this was a different compound. Hydrodistillation of pony hair was another extraction method to obtain the unknown component in higher concentrations. Analysis of this extract with GC-flame ionization detector (FID) with GC-MS confirmed the same unknown peak. Further experiments and analysis with the various mass spectroscopy tools gave the possible molecular ion with mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 142, corresponding to the unknown component.

关键词： Nonanal Skin Emanation Insect Pests Equus caballus Equus ferus caballus Mass Spectroscopy Structure Elucidation

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Diversity and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Micropropagated Medicinal Plant <i>Echinacea purpurea</i>(L.) Moench

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1105-1114页

作者： Luiz H. Rosa nur.ayat tabanca Natascha Techen David E. Wedge Zhiqiang Pan Ulrich R. Bernier James J. Becnel Natasha M. Agramonte Larry A. Walker Rita M. Moraes Center for Water and Wetland Resources The University of Mississippi Field Station Abbeville USA Departamento de Microbiologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brazil National Center for Natural Products Research Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi Oxford USA USDA-ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE) Gainesville USA USDA-ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit (NPURU) University of Mississippi Oxford USA

Echinacea is one of the top ten selling medicinal herbs in Europe and United States. Commercially available formulations may contain different plant parts of three species (Echinacea purpurea, E. pallida, and E. angustifolia). Our study evaluates the diversity of microbial community associated with healthy E. purpurea clones and their ability to produce defense compounds. We recovered and identified thirty-nine fungal endophytes through the molecular methods in 15 distinct phylotypes, which were closely related to species of the following genera Ceratobasidium, Cladosporium Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Glomerella, and Mycoleptodiscus. These taxa were previously reported as decomposer and phytopathogenic fungi. The fungal community associated with two E. purpurea clones showed high richness and dominance indices with different distribution among plant organs. Crude extracts of fungal isolates were tested for antifungal and insecticidal biological activities. A total of 16 extracts (41%) showed antifungal properties;while just the extract of M. indicus exhibited larvicidal activity against A. aegypti. These results suggest that the symbiosis between the endophytic fungal community and micropropagated clones of E. purpurea was re-established after acclimatization to soil and the endophytic fungi produced compounds against phytopathogenic fungi.

关键词： Endophytes Biological Activity Medicinal Plant Symbiosis Botanical Drug Microorganisms

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