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Serenity—Uses in the Care of Chronically Ill Older Patients: A Concept Clarification

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Margaretha norell Pejner School of Social and Health Sciences Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden

Serenity is an emotional experience that contributes to the acceptance of a situation. One phenomenon in the care of chronically ill older patients and patients in end of life care is that too much focus is placed on the patient’s disease. This can contribute to anxiety, sadness or sense of isolation. For older people that are chronically ill or in care at the end of life, it is important that the registered nurse can help them to find serenity. Further knowledge is needed about how the concept of serenity is used in relation to the care of older chronically ill patients. Aim: The purpose of this concept analysis was to clarify how serenity is used in nursing and in relation to the care of chronically ill older patients. Method: The study follows Rodgers’ evolutionary method of concept analysis. Findings: Serenity is a state of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual balance when life conditions can be managed or accepted. Through the experience of serenity the chronically ill older patient is able to find or develop the self in order to continue with dignity. The concept is most used at the lowest described levels of the self, including a perception of personal safety. The highest level involves a sense of wholeness and awareness. Conclusion: The concept of serenity is used in relation to chronically ill older patients as a condition where the patient finds balance and thus can manage or accept their situation. Chronically ill older patients will not recover. For that reason it needed a better understanding about what factors to experience serenity are needed. Further research is also needed to examine how registered nurses can support older chronically patients in finding serenity with the help of nursing interventions.

关键词： Chronically Ill Concept Analysis Nursing Older Patients Serenity

A new feathered maniraptoran dinosaur fossil that fills a morphological gap in avian origin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第3期54卷 430-435页

作者： XU Xing ZHAO Qi norell Mark SULLIVAN Corwin HONE David ERICKSON Gregory WANG XiaoLin HAN FengLu GUO Yu Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street NY 10024 USA Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306-1100 USA Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Recent fossil discoveries have substantially reduced the morphological gap between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, yet avians including Archaeopteryx differ from non-avian theropods in their limb proportions. In particular, avians have proportionally longer and more robust forelimbs that are capable of supporting a large aerodynamic surface. Here we report on a new maniraptoran dinosaur, Anchiornis huxleyi gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen collected from lacustrine deposits of uncertain age in western Liaoning, China. With an estimated mass of 110 grams, Anchiornis is the smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. It exhibits some wrist features indicative of high mobility, presaging the wing-folding mechanisms seen in more derived birds and suggesting rapid evolution of the carpus. Otherwise, Anchiornis is intermediate in general morphology between non-avian and avian dinosaurs, particularly with regard to relative forelimb length and thickness, and represents a transitional step toward the avian condition. In contrast with some recent comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, our phylogenetic analysis incorporates subtle morphological variations and recovers a conventional result supporting the monophyly of Avialae.

关键词：白垩纪恐龙古生物关节进化

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满洲鳄:中国辽宁晚中生代半水生爬行动物

现代地质 2000年第3期14卷 323-326页

作者：高克勤 Susan E.Evans 季强 Mark norell 姬书安 American Museum of Natural History 纽约10024 University College London 中国地质博物馆北京100034

发现于辽宁西部凌源晚侏罗世 /早白垩世非海相义县组中的满洲鳄 ( Monjurosuchus)化石新材料 ,为解决其系统位置这一长久争议的问题提供了确切的实物依据 :满洲鳄为双孔型离鳄类 ( Choristodera)爬行动物中一较原始成员。保存精美的、... 详细信息

发现于辽宁西部凌源晚侏罗世 /早白垩世非海相义县组中的满洲鳄 ( Monjurosuchus)化石新材料 ,为解决其系统位置这一长久争议的问题提供了确切的实物依据 :满洲鳄为双孔型离鳄类 ( Choristodera)爬行动物中一较原始成员。保存精美的、独一无二的表皮构造使我们对该类中生代爬行动物的外表特征有了新的认识。满洲鳄四足具蹼 ,它至少是半水生的。

关键词：满洲鳄系统关系晚中生代半水生爬行动物

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泥炭开采及燃烧对温室效应的影响

环保科技情报 1995年第5期 8-13,18页

作者： rodhe,H 刘锦

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对全球环境酸化问题的展望

世界环境 1990年第3期 21-24页

作者： Henning rodhe 吴维满 professor of chemical meteorology at the University of Stockholm Sweden

1.前言当前环境酸化已认为是当今世界上最严重环境问题之一。很明显在欧洲及北美东部等高度工业化地区,化学气候与地表水和陆地生态系统都发生了重大变化。人为向大气层排放大量的硫、氮氧化物是环境酸化的主要原因。因为,这些化合物以... 详细信息

1.前言当前环境酸化已认为是当今世界上最严重环境问题之一。很明显在欧洲及北美东部等高度工业化地区,化学气候与地表水和陆地生态系统都发生了重大变化。人为向大气层排放大量的硫、氮氧化物是环境酸化的主要原因。因为,这些化合物以及它们形成的二次空气污染物,在空气中平均滞留时间只不过几天。

关键词：环境酸化空气污染物环境问题平均滞留时间高度工业化陆地生态系统排放源热带稀树草原澳大利亚北部矿物燃料

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大气中污染物的长距离传输形成硫酸和硝酸

气象科技 1985年第1期 60-65页

作者： H.rodhe 郝望

1.引言最近若干年来,人们愈来愈相信,二氧化硫的排放不是酸性降水的唯一重要原因,氮氧化物也起着重要作用。例如,s(?)derlund(1977)估算,七十年代初期对于整个西欧北部的酸化现象,硝酸盐与硫酸盐的相对贡献约为1:3。他还注意到近20年降... 详细信息

1.引言最近若干年来,人们愈来愈相信,二氧化硫的排放不是酸性降水的唯一重要原因,氮氧化物也起着重要作用。例如,s(?)derlund(1977)估算,七十年代初期对于整个西欧北部的酸化现象,硝酸盐与硫酸盐的相对贡献约为1:3。他还注意到近20年降水中硝酸盐

关键词：起始浓度 OH 硝酸盐营养盐化学反应硫酸盐硫化合物排放率浓度峰值运行时间

人为的SO_2排放和在空气与降水中的硫酸盐浓度之间的关系

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环境监测管理与技术 1993年第3期5卷 57-62页

作者： Caroline Leck Henming rodhe 聂明浩南京市环境监测中心站 210013

有人提出人为排放的SO_2.和降水中硫酸盐的沉降之间可能有显著性的不同的比例关系(NRC 1983),(NRC即美国国家科学研究委员会),这也许是由于在大气中发生复杂的非线性的化学和物理变化过程或存在大的天然排放.更好地了解排放和沉降的关... 详细信息

有人提出人为排放的SO_2.和降水中硫酸盐的沉降之间可能有显著性的不同的比例关系(NRC 1983),(NRC即美国国家科学研究委员会),这也许是由于在大气中发生复杂的非线性的化学和物理变化过程或存在大的天然排放.更好地了解排放和沉降的关系就能作出为达到规定的沉降极限需要减少SO_2排放量的定量估算.象由Nilsson(1986)所定义的那样.另外,有这种知识可以利于推断关于大气传输过程的机理.

关键词：二氧化硫排放硫酸盐空气降水浓度关系

RECENT THEROPOD DISCOVERIES FROM LIAONING PROVINCE, CHINA AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF COELUROSAUR EVOLUTION

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RECENT THEROPOD DISCOVERIES FROM LIAONING PROVINCE, CHINA AN...

Svante Arrhenius和温室效应

第十九届国际动物学大会

作者： Sunny H.Hwang Mark A.norell Peter J.Makovicky Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA Department of Geology The Field Museum Chicago Illinois 60605 USA

＜正＞New theropod discoveries from the Liaoning Province of China have been important in reconstructing not only the origin of flight and the theropod-avialan transition, but also in clarifying other aspects of coelurosaur systematics and evolution. Many of the new taxa are basal members of their respective clades that are especially vital in reconstructing coelurosaur phylogeny due to the large amount of homoplasy throughout Coelurosauria. Here we describe the effects that five new taxa-Sinovenator changii, Microraptor zhaoianus, Shenzhousaurus orientalis , Incisivosaurus gauthieri, and Huaxiag-nathus orientalis-have had on our understanding of coelurosaur evolution.

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人类环境杂志 1997年第1期26卷 2-5页

作者： Henning rodhe Robert Charlson Elisabeth Crawford 闵庆文斯德哥尔摩大学

本文是Ambio本专刊(第26卷第1期,1997年2月)的前言,本专刊特为纪念Svante Arrhenius关于温室效应的划时代论文发表100周年而出版。主要总结了Arrhenius在这一专科领域最杰出的贡献,并尝试对控制温室效应的基本物理过程作出确切的解释。

关键词： Svante Arrhenius 温室效应碳循环冰期