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Hepatitis B Virus Genotype H and Environmental Factors Associated to the Low Prevalence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mexico

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第2期4卷 367-376页

作者： Sonia Roman nora Alma fierro Laura E. Moreno-Luna Arturo Panduro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Mexico

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading health problem worldwide. Any agent causing chronic liver damage and cirrhosis is a risk factor for HCC. Genetic and environmental factors may be responsible for regional variations in the occurrence of HCC worldwide. The aim of this review was to describe the risk factors that may be contributing to low prevalence of HCC in the Mexican population. Methods: An electronic systematic search was conducted in four databases to retrieve studies on hepatocellular carcinoma inMexico. Results: Eighteen publications gave a total of 1042 HCC cases with a percentage that ranged from 0.25% to 1.87%. Cirrhosis was registered in 7 studies while the main etiologies were: HCV (66%), HBV (11%) and alcoholism (6.6%). Conclusions: In the last 50 years, the studies performed inMexicohave shown a very low incidence and/or mortality rate of HCC. These findings contrast from those reported in high endemic regions, such asAsia, where viral hepatitis and HCC are prevalent. One significant difference is the predominance of HBV genotype H in Mexico and HBV/B and C in Asia. InMexico, high endemic areas of HBV infection have been detected, mainly among the native population;however, infection seems to resolve very quickly, due to a prominent immunological response among the population. Other factors are that patients with liver cirrhosis die prematurely before that HCC can be detected. Furthermore, an environmental factor that may exert a protective effect against HCC, in spite of the high consumption of potentially aflatoxin-contaminated food products, is the neutralization of these substances by alkaline treatment. This study shows that genetic and environmental factors associated to HCC among the Mexican population are different from others reported worldwide.

关键词： HBV Genotype H HCV Alcoholism Aflatoxins Cirrhosis Nixtamalization

Genetic, metabolic and environmental factors involved in the development of liver cirrhosis in Mexico

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第41期21卷 11552-11566页

作者： Omar Ramos-Lopez Erika Martinez-Lopez Sonia Roman nora a fierro Arturo Panduro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico and Health Sciences Center University of Guadalajara

Liver cirrhosis(LC) is a chronic illness caused by inflammatory responses and progressive fibrosis. Globally, the most common causes of chronic liver disease include persistent alcohol abuse, followed by viral hepatitis infections and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, regardless of the etiological factors, the susceptibility and degree of liver damage may be influenced by genetic polymorphisms that are associated with distinct ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Consequently, metabolic genes are influenced by variable environmental lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical inactivity, and emotional stress, which are associated with regional differences among populations. This Topic Highlight will focus on the genetic and environmental factors that may influence the metabolism of alcohol and nutrients in the setting of distinct etiologies of liver disease. The interaction between genes and environment in the current-day admixed population, Mestizo and Native Mexican, will be described. Additionally, genes involved in immune regulation, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix deposition may modulate the degree of severity. In conclusion, LC is a complex disease. The onset, progression, and clinical outcome of LC among the Mexican population are influenced by specific genetic and environmental factors. Among these are an admixed genome with a heterogenic distribution of European, Amerindian and African ancestry; a high score of alcohol consumption; viral infections; a hepatopathogenic diet; and a high prevalence of obesity. The variance in risk factors among populations suggests that intervention strategies directed towards the prevention and management of LC should be tailored according to such population-based features.

关键词： Genomic medicine Polymorphisms Viral hepatitis Obe

Immunologic, metabolic and genetic factors in hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第13期20卷 3443-3456页

作者： nora a fierro Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco Rafael Torres-Valadez Erika Martinez-Lopez Sonia Roman Arturo Panduro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara"Fray Antonio Alcalde" and Health Sciences CenterUniversity of GuadalajaraGuadalajara 44280JaliscoMexico

The mechanisms that regulate disease progression during hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection and the response to treatment are not clearly *** studies have demonstrated that a strong host immune response against HCV favors HCV *** addition,genetic factors and metabolic machinery,particularly cholesterol modulation,are involved in HCV *** is likely that the interplay between all of these factors contributes to the outcome of HCV *** recent years,the world has experienced its largest epidemic of *** and the United States are the leading sufferers from this epidemic at the global *** is associated with the development ofnumerous pathologies including hypercholesterolemia which is one of the eight most important risk factors for mortality in *** may be related to the course of HCV infection in this ***,we focus on the urgent need to study the progression of HCV infection in relation to ethnic *** are discussed that hold promise in identifying immune,metabolic and genetic factors that,in conjunction,could be therapeutic targets or predictors of the progression of HCV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Immune response Lipids Metabolis

Hepatitis B virus infection in Latin America:A genomic medicine approach

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7181-7196页

作者： Sonia Roman Alexis Jose-Abrego nora Alma fierro Griselda Escobedo-Melendez Claudia Ojeda-Granados Erika Martinez-Lopez Arturo Puro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJalisco 44280Mexico Immunovirology Unit Department of Molecular Biology in MedicineCivil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJalisco 44280Mexico Viral Hepatitis Clinic Pediatric Infectious Disease UnitDepartment of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyCivil Hospital of Guadalajara "Juan I.Menchaca" and University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJalisco 44280Mexico

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is the leading cause of severe chronic liver *** article provides a critical view of the importance of genomic medicine for the study of HBV infection and its clinical outcomes in Latin *** levels of evolutionary adaptation may correlate with the clinical outcomes of HBV *** in Latin America are predominantly of genotype H in Mexico and genotype F in Central and South America;these strains have historically circulated among the indigenous *** genotypes appear to be linked to a benign course of disease among the native and mestizo Mexicans and native South *** contrast,genotypes F,A and D are common in acute and chronic infections among mestizos with Caucasian *** carcinoma is rare in Mexicans,but it has been associated with genotype F1b among *** observation illustrates the significance of ascertaining the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development of HBV-related liver disease in Latin America,which contrast with those reported in other regions of the world.

关键词： Genomic medicine Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B vir

CD36 genetic variation, fat intake and liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第25期8卷 1067-1074页

作者： Omar Ramos-Lopez Sonia Roman Erika Martinez-Lopez nora a fierro Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco Alexis Jose-Abrego Arturo Panduro Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" Health Sciences University Center University of Guadalajara

AIM To analyze the association of the CD36 polymorphism(rs1761667) with dietary intake and liver fibrosis(LF) in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients. METHODS In this study, 73 patients with CHC were recruited. The CD36 genotype(G > A) was determined by a TaqM an real-time PCR system. Dietary assessment was carried out using a three-day food record to register the daily intake of macronutrients. Serum lipids and liver enzymes were measured by a dry chemistry assay. LF evaluated by transient elastography(Fibroscan~)and APRI score was classified as mild LF(F1-F2) and advanced LF(F3-F4).RESULTS Overall, the CD36 genotypic frequencies were AA(30.1%), AG(54.8%), and GG(15.1%), whereas the allelic A and G frequencies were 57.5% and 42.5%, respectively. CHC patients who were carriers of the CD36 AA genotype had a higher intake of calories attributable to total fat and saturated fatty acids than those with the non-AA genotypes. Additionally, aspartate aminotransferase(AST) serum values were higher in AA genotype carriers compared to non-AA carriers(91.7 IU/L vs 69.8 IU/L, P = 0.02). Moreover, the AA genotype was associated with an increase of 30.23 IU/L of AST(β = 30.23, 95%CI: 9.0-51.46, P = 0.006). Likewise, the AA genotype was associated with advanced LF compared to the AG(OR = 3.60, 95%CI: 1.16-11.15, P = 0.02) or AG + GG genotypes(OR = 3.52, 95%CI: 1.18-10.45, P = 0.02).CONCLUSION This study suggests that the CD36(rs1761667) AA genotype is associated with higher fat intake and more instances of advanced LF in CHC patients.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus infection CD36 receptor Lipids Liver fibrosis Mexico