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CNR:A Cluster-Based Solution for Connectivity Restoration for Mobile WSNs

Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3413-3427页

作者： Mahmood ul Hassan amin Al-Awady Khalid Mahmood Shahzad Ali Ibrahim Algamdi Muhammad Kashif Saeed Safdar Zaman Department of Computer Skills Najran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTabarjal76769Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63317Saudi Arabia Federal Directorate of Education Department of Computer ScienceIslamabad44000Pakistan

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are an integral part of the Internet of Things(IoT)and are widely used in a plethora of ***,sensor networks operate in harsh environments where human intervention is often restricted,which makes battery replacement for sensor nodes *** failure due to battery drainage or harsh environmental conditions poses serious challenges to the connectivity of the *** a connectivity restoration mechanism,node failures ultimately lead to a network partition,which affects the basic function of the sensor ***,the research community actively concentrates on addressing and solving the challenges associated with connectivity restoration in sensor *** energy is a scarce resource in sensor networks,it becomes the focus of research,and researchers strive to propose new solutions that are energy *** common issue that is well studied and considered is how to increase the network’s life span by solving the node failure problem and achieving efficient energy *** paper introduces a Clusterbased Node Recovery(CNR)connectivity restoration mechanism based on the concept of *** is a well-known mechanism in sensor networks,and it is known for its energy-efficient operation and *** proposed technique utilizes a distributed cluster-based approach to identify the failed nodes,while Cluster Heads(CHs)play a significant role in the restoration of *** simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique and compare it with the existing *** simulation results show that the proposed technique efficiently addresses node failure and restores connectivity by moving fewer nodes than other existing connectivity restoration *** proposed mechanism also yields an improved field coverage as well as a lesser number of packets exchanged as compared to existing state-of-the-art mechanisms.

关键词： WSNs CHs CNR transmission range connectivity restoration node failure cluster communication range

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An Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique(ECRT)for Wireless Sensor Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 1003-1019页

作者： Mahmood ul Hassan Shahzad Ali Khalid Mahmood Muhammad Kashif Saeed amin Al-Awady Kamran Javed Ansar Munir Shah Department of Computer Skills Preparatory yearNajran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTubarjal74769Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63718Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering National University of Technology(NUTECH)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan60000Pakistan

Node failure in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)is a fundamental problem because WSNs operate in hostile *** failure of nodes leads to network partitioning that may compromise the basic operation of the sensor *** deal with such situations,a rapid recovery mechanism is required for restoring inter-node *** to the immense importance and need for a recovery mechanism,several different approaches are proposed in the ***,the proposed approaches have shortcomings because they do not focus on energy-efficient operation and coverage-aware mechanisms while performing connectivity ***,most of these approaches rely on the excessive mobility of nodes for restoration connectivity that affects both coverage and energy *** paper proposes a novel technique called ECRT(Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique).This technique is capable of restoring connectivity due to single and multiple node *** achieves energy efficiency by transmitting a minimal number of control *** is also coverage-aware as it relocates minimal nodes while trying to restore *** the help of extensive simulations,it is proven that ECRT is effective in connectivity restoration for single and multiple node *** also show that ECRT exchanges a much smaller number of packets than other ***,it also yields the least reduction in field coverage,proving its versatility for connectivity restoration.

关键词： Cut-vertex failure recovery network connectivity node relocation wireless sensor network node failures

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Optoelectronic Response of GeZn_(2)O_(4) through the Modified Becke-Johnson Potential

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第9期29卷 142-146页

作者： Iftikhar Ahmad B.amin M.Maqbool S.Muhammad G.Murtaza S.Ali N.A.noor Department of Physics University of MalakandPakistan Materials Modeling Lab Department of PhysicsHazara University21300Pakistan Department of Physics and Astronomy Ball State UniversityIndiana47306-0505USA Department of Physics Islamia College UniversityPeshawarPakistan Department of Physics University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam Campus54590Pakistan

A first-principles technique capable of describing the nearly excited states of semiconductors and insulators,namely the modified Becke–Johnson(mBJ)potential approximation,is used to investigate the electronic band structure and optical properties of spinel oxides:GeZn_(2)O_(4).The predicted band gaps using the mBJ approximation are significantly more accurate than the proposed previous theoretical work using the common LDA and *** gap dependent optical parameters,like the dielectric constant,index of refraction,reflectivity and optical conductivity are calculated and *** results from the dielectric constant shows that the numerical value of the static dielectric,after dropping constantly,becomes less than zero and the material exhibits metallic *** refractive index also drops below unity for photons higher than 18 eV,which indicates that the velocities of incident photons are greater than the velocity of ***,these phenomena can be explained by the fact that a signal must be transmitted as a wave packet rather than a monochromatic *** comprehensive theoretical study of the optoelectronic properties predicts that these materials can effectively be used in optical devices.

关键词： wave. dielectric approximation

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Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in Pakistani Women: What Is Different from Rest of the World and Why It Is Difficult to Manage

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2022年第8期13卷 525-530页

作者： Muhammad Khalid noor ul Wara Rao Farwa Batool Shamsi Tayaba Kanwal Sana Arshad Muhammad Shahzeb Ameer Alam Sobia Aleem M. Ahsan Iqbal Oncology/CCU Allied Hospital Faisalabad Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Pathology Faisalabad Medical University (FMU) Faisalabad Pakistan Department of PB & Genetics University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

Locally Advance Breast Cancer refers to a heterogeneous group of breast cancer with locally extensive disease, which may or may not involve the nodes, without any distant metastases. The study was conducted at Faisalabad Medical University (FMU), Oncology, Allied Hospital Faisalabad (Pakistan). Data of 100 patients with LABC was collected. Demographics were recorded in the form of age, socio-economic status. In clinical data, time of presentation, family history of breast cancer, the presenting symptom in the form of lump, ulceration and other skin changes were noted. Histo-pathological variables including tumor size, histopathology, Bloom & Richardson grading, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor status (PR) and HER2 status. Results showed that after following a standard trimodality treatment approach in LABC patients, 30 percent died within two years. Disease free survival for more than two years was observed in only 25% of patients. Whereas, 70% patients had eventful (Recurrence/metastases) survival. This poor outcome was observed due to lack of health care facilities, awareness and poor socioeconomic status.

关键词： Oncology Breast Cancer in Pakistani Women LABC

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Determining Irrigators Preferences for Water Allocation Criteria Using Conjoint Analysis

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第5期4卷 249-255页

作者： noor ul Hassan Zardari Ian Cordery Institute of Environmental and Water Resources Management (IPASA) University of Technology Malaysia (UTM) Skudai Malaysia School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

Water allocation based on multiple criteria has the potential to maximize the total benefits to be gained from the use of a single unit of water. However most of the multi-criteria methods inherently include a considerable degree of subjectivity. In this study, we have attempted to reduce the subjectivity factor from water allocation decision-making process by introducing a conjoint analysis method. Opinions on the importance of a number of water allocation criteria were sought from a large number of irrigation farmers. The opinion survey data were then analyzed using the traditional conjoint analysis method which is widely used to analyze marketing surveys. The analysis allowed objective determination of the relative importance of five water allocation criteria (i.e. net farm income, percent of family working on the farm, amount paid to irrigation agency for canal water share). Each water allocation criteria was divided into three levels and utility values for each criteria level were estimated from the farmers’ preferences on five water allocation criteria (attributes). The conjoint survey results revealed that the respondents prefer that “annual net farm income” be the most important attribute in water allocation decisions. As would be expected the vast majority of the respondents overwhelmingly placed the “water price” in the last position.

关键词： Conjoint Analysis Water Allocation Pairwise Comparison Warabandi

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Effects of bismuth on structural and dielectric properties of cobalt-cadmium spinel ferrites fabricated via micro-emulsion route

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第8期28卷 408-416页

作者： Furhaj Ahmed Sheikh Muhammad Khalid Muhammad Shahzad Shifa H M noor ul Huda Khan Asghar Sameen Aslam Ayesha Perveen Jalil ur Rehman Muhammad Azhar Khan Zaheer Abbas Gilani Department of Physics Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering & Management SciencesQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Physics Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100Pakistan

Spinel ferrites have a significant role in high-tech *** the present work nano-crystalline ferrites having general formula Co0.5Cd0.5BixFe2-xO4 with(x=0.0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,and 0.25)are synthesized via micro-emulsion *** x-ray diffraction(XRD)studies discover the FCC spinel *** size is calculated in a range of 11 nm-15 *** parameter calculations are reduced due to its substitution which leads to the exchange of large ionic radius of Fe^3+for small ionic radius of Bi^3+.The x-ray density is analyzed to increase with *** transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)is performed to analyze absorption band *** two absorption bands are observed in a range of 400 cm^-1-600 cm^-1,and they are the characteristic feature of spinel ***-gravimetric analysis(TGA)reveals the total weight loss of nearly 1.98%.Dielectric analysis is carried out by impedance analyzer in a frequency span from 1 MHz to 3 GHz by using the Maxwell Wagner *** studies reveal the decrease of dielectric *** alternating current(AC)conductivity exhibits a plane behavior in a low frequency range and it increases with the applied frequency *** is attributed to the grain effects in a high frequency range or may be due to the reduction of *** and imaginary part of impedance show the decreasing trend which corresponds to the grain boundary *** imaginary modulus shows the occurrence of peak that helps to understand the interfacial ***-Cole graph shows a single semicircle which confirms that the conduction mechanism is due to the grain boundaries at low *** studies reveal the applicability of these ferrites in high frequency equipment,microwave applications,high storage media,and semiconductor devices.

关键词： Co-ferrite nanocrystalline ferrites XRD microemulsion dielectric properties

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预算管理对企业组织绩效的影响研究

预算管理对企业组织绩效的影响研究

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作者： noor ul Ain 华北电力大学(北京)

学位级别：硕士

预算编制是对企业组织绩效管控有效的、体系化的方法,应用于组织计划的履行、协同安排和控制,以定量的方式对计划进行概括描述,运用多方面的管理知识,提升企业组织目标的满意度。通过预算编制,可以有效衡量组织计划,在规定的时间跨度之... 详细信息

预算编制是对企业组织绩效管控有效的、体系化的方法,应用于组织计划的履行、协同安排和控制,以定量的方式对计划进行概括描述,运用多方面的管理知识,提升企业组织目标的满意度。通过预算编制,可以有效衡量组织计划,在规定的时间跨度之前策划和支持,清晰掌握在这段时间内要交付的精心安排的工资或可能获得的利用率,以及用于实现既定目标的融资。预算控制使组织能够通过实现这些计划和检查活动来制定未来的组织计划是否符合行动过程;运用预算控制,是组织合理执行支出设计的基本确认和前提。本文重点研究了预算编制和预算控制技术对组织绩效的影响,具体开展了责任会计、零度基预算编制、参与性预算管理等对组织绩效的影响,并进行了差异分析。本文采用有针对性的抽样技术,研究者选取了大约80%的目标人群（纺织业）使用预算控制技术,数据收集的来源主要包括邮件调查和个人调查问卷,并利用SPSS软件对收集到的数据进行数字化转换。此外,本文利用SmartPLS3.0进行数据分析,报告了验证测量和结构模型的标准。

关键词：预算重要性差异分析责任会计零基预算参与式预算企业绩效

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丝素纤维接枝粘多糖构建细胞捕获丝及其循环肿瘤细胞捕获

丝素纤维接枝粘多糖构建细胞捕获丝及其循环肿瘤细胞捕获

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作者： Ain noor ul 苏州大学

学位级别：硕士

循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）的检测对肿瘤的诊断、监测和治疗具有重要意义。目前,CTC的检测方法包括体外检测和体内检测两种。由于外周静脉血中CTC浓度极低,捕获时存在大量的血细胞干扰（通常108个血细胞中约1个CTC）,因此希望富集CTC捕获,以... 详细信息

循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）的检测对肿瘤的诊断、监测和治疗具有重要意义。目前,CTC的检测方法包括体外检测和体内检测两种。由于外周静脉血中CTC浓度极低,捕获时存在大量的血细胞干扰（通常108个血细胞中约1个CTC）,因此希望富集CTC捕获,以提高检测血样中CTCs的检出率,提高癌症诊断和预后效率。目前大多数CTC检测方法都是以筛选为主的体外捕获法,存在明显的缺陷。首先,CTCs在血液中的分布不均匀,无法进行标准化采样,结果可能呈现假阴性;其次,检测时不能采集大量血样,而血液中CTC含量很低,故需要建立高灵敏度、高细胞负荷的捕获方法。这些问题可以通过使用体内临时静脉留置CTCs捕捉装置来解决,该装置可以接触患者的全部血液,故无需取血样,可进行治疗监测。金属丝和化纤丝是体内识别CTCs的常用载体材料。细丝直径（＞500μm）通常远大于目标细胞（CTC 10-50μm）,这给CTCs的捕获造成了很大的空间位阻。此外,在有限直径（2-3mm）的静脉血管中,可置入的捕获针数量较少,仅一根捕获针与高速流动血液中的CTCs接触的概率极低。这些问题将导致捕获设备捕获的CTCs数量少及捕获设备的CTCs载量小,从而产生假阴性结果,因而这些类型的所有捕获设备具有低灵敏度和低负载率的缺点。目前,FDA批准了 CellCollector（?）用于临床体内CTCs的检测,但其价格昂贵,且也有一定的局限性。研究发现,以丝素蛋白为基础的材料是酶和非酶催化剂固定化合物的优良稳定载体。丝素蛋白可以通过物理或机械作用吸附化合物或在催化剂催化作用下与化合物生成共价键而达到接枝化合物的目的。为了有效地捕获CTCs,解决上述问题,本文采用天然大分子丝素作为载体,丝素具有质地柔软、直径小、空间位阻小、接枝速度快、经济实惠等优点。为了获得最大捕获数量的CTCs,我们采用在丝素蛋白活性位点接枝有机化合物的方法。首先,提出用有机胺EDA与丝素表面蛋白质反应,将表面的羧基接枝转化为氨基,从而修饰丝素表面。然后我们再用环氧化合物BDE修饰载体丝表面并增加化学链长度,已知的“双功能团聚乙二醇”这种环氧化合物容易与胺反应,为了增加蚕丝表面的—NH2位点,我们再次在载体丝表面接枝EDA。通过这种方法,我们得到了一种称为“表面改性丝”或SF-EDA-BDE-EDA的基料。我们用氨基比色法对载体丝表面氨基进行了表征,用扫描电镜和显微镜（×40）对表面进行观察,用红外光谱对化学键进行了确证,证明这种改性的丝表面具有结合大量化合物的能力。为了在接枝时进一步减少空间位阻,我们使用了使用广泛的粘多糖抗凝剂肝素（HPR）。我们以肝素羧基为靶点,将其接枝到我们先前制备的“表面修饰丝素”上,从而制备了 CTCs捕获装置“SF-EDA-BDE-EDA-HPR”。采用紫外分光光度法、10倍显微镜视野和扫描电镜对表面修饰的肝素接枝物进行了表征,并对肝素是否成功接枝进行了红外光谱分析。用该装置固定化适体,后进行捕获CTCs的选择性和灵敏度的评价。我们用细胞浓度梯度法在全血的情况下进行了 CTC的捕获。该装置捕获的最大细胞数为902个,约为CellCollector（?）的11倍,在等离子体（血浆中其他干扰因子）存在下,细胞捕获器的性能具有相当好的平行性。我们对表面修饰肝素的载体丝进行了稳定性表征,结果表明该载体丝在接枝肝素后的45天内稳定,细胞毒性试验显示其具有安全性。虽然接枝HPR捕集器的CTCs负荷比CellCollector（?）大得多,但与我们实验室以前制作的捕集器相比,细胞负荷略低,这应该是HPR分子量较低（约17000）所致。在基础载体丝的接枝想法上,我们选择不同分子量的粘多糖HA作为接枝剂,建立了另一种接枝HA的捕获装置。我们再次构建了表面修饰的载体丝,即SF-EDA-BDE-EDA,以此为基础研究了HA的接枝效率。每5mgHA、8mg EDC和16mg NHS（所有三种药物均在pH=7的磷酸盐缓冲液中溶解）溶解后与需要表面修饰的80根载体丝反应接枝,用0.1M/L的HC1调节溶液的pH值到6.4-6.8。研究表明,PBS溶液不利于核酸适体的固定,50μl适体是该体系固定化的最大量。我们研究了HA的分子量对捕获效率的影响,发现高分子量HA更适用于我们构建的装置。在60mL PBS中加入1000个细胞,该捕获器可捕获16个细胞,而在10万个细胞中最多可捕获4166个细胞。相对而言,这种捕获器的单元负载约为CellCollector（?）的51倍。血浆中有其他物质干扰后的效率也通过在稀释1mL的抗凝全血中实验进行检测,证明CTC捕获效率比在PBS中的降低了14.4%。最后我们对所构建的装置进行了生物相容性表征和MTT实验。研究结果表明,我们捕获器的捕获效率很高,尽管需要进一步的动物模型研究和临床研究数据证

关键词：肝素 HA 接杆丝素纤维捕获循环肿瘤细胞

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通过确定不同的流量周期来分析生产数据的自动计算模型

通过确定不同的流量周期来分析生产数据的自动计算模型

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作者： noor ul Islam 西安石油大学

学位级别：硕士

在勘探和初步改善油气藏中生产数据分析对储层评价和油藏描述至关重要。它提供了重要参数的评估,例如储层渗透率和地层损害表皮因子,用于井产能预测,以改进这些参数并计算每个流动周期的这些参数值。.本论文讨论了“通过确定不同流动周... 详细信息

在勘探和初步改善油气藏中生产数据分析对储层评价和油藏描述至关重要。它提供了重要参数的评估,例如储层渗透率和地层损害表皮因子,用于井产能预测,以改进这些参数并计算每个流动周期的这些参数值。.本论文讨论了“通过确定不同流动周期以分析生产数据的自动计算模型”来解释生产数据,从而可以自动划分流动周期并计算每个流动周期的参数。本论文还讨论了使用RTA软件进行井性能的未来预测。评估油藏的特性始终是一项艰巨的工作。使用常规方法来来实现这点非常复杂,特别是对于完全压裂的井。编程是解决测试问题的强大工具。程序是在python软件中设计的。编程分析可改进未来的石油工业。该程序可成功自动对流动周期进行划分,并自动准确地计算每个流动周期的储层参数(渗透率和表皮因子)。采用不同类型的曲线进行未来预测,并通过数值反演算法,分析流动周期和敏感因素。裂缝井的源功能和解决方案在生产数据解释中具有理论和实际应用。通过RTA软件,阿加瓦尔加德纳对时间曲线和传统递减分析理论与通过程序设计的模型进行比较。结果之间有些微差别。尽管编程模型的结果更加准确和改进。

关键词：试井分析流动期划分计算模型生产数据

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Heavy Metals Accumulation in Soil Irrigated with Industrial Effluents of Gadoon Industrial Estate, Pakistan and Its Comparison with Fresh Water Irrigated Soil

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2014年第2期3卷 80-87页

作者： noor amin Dawood Ibrar Sultan Alam Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of Malakand Chakdara Pakistan

Wastewater mixed with industrial effluents is used for irrigation in Gadoon Industrial estate and thus contaminating soil. This soil was tested for heavy metal content by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (perkin elmer 700) and compared with control soil irrigated with tube well water at seven selected spots. Accumulation of the toxic metal was significantly greater in the soil irrigated with industrial effluent than control soil (p ulated up to 9.95 ppm in the soil irrigated with industrial waste water. It was found that the samples were containing Zn in the range of 1.596 - 6.288, Cu 0.202 - 1.236, Co 0.074 - 0.115, Ni 0.0002 - 0.544, Cr 0.243 - 0.936, Mn 3.667 - 9.955 and Pb 0.488 - 1.259 ppm. No sample was containing the heavy metal above the critical level mentioned in typical and unsafe heavy metal levels in soil.

关键词： Industrial Effluents Soil Tube Well Water Heavy Metals Pollutio

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