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Parasite reduction ratio one day after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapies and its relationship with parasite clearance time in acutely malarious children

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1270-1283页

作者： Kazeem Akano Godwin Ntadom Chimere Agomo Christian T.Happi Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Olugbenga Mokuolu Finomo Finomo Joy C.Ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe Robinson Wammanda George Emechebe Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe Sikiru Amoo nnenna ezeigwe Stephen Oguche Bayo Fatunmbi Akintunde Sowunmi Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of LagosLagosNigeria Department of Biological Sciences and African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases(ACEGID) Redeemer UniversityEdeNigeria Institute for Medical Research and Training University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of IlorinIlorinNigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical CentreYenagoaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Uthman Dan Fodio UniversitySokotoNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of MaiduguriMaiduguriNigeria Department of Paediatrics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Imo State University Teaching HospitalOrluNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of JosJosNigeria World Health Organization Country OfficeKampalaUganda

Background:In acute falciparum malaria,asexual parasite reduction ratio two days post-treatment initiation(PRRD2)≥10000 per cycle has been used as a measure of the rapid clearance of parasitaemia and efficacy of artemisinin ***,there is little evaluation of alternative measures;for example,parasite reduction ratio one day after treatment initiation(PRRD1)and its relationship with parasite clearance time(PCT)or *** study evaluated the use of PRRD1 as a measure of responsiveness to antimalarial ***:In acutely malarious children treated with artesunate-amodiaquine(AA),artemether-lumefantrine(AL)or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine(DHP),the relationships between PRRD1 or PRRD2 and PCT,and between PRRD1 and PRRD2 were evaluated using linear *** between estimates of PCT using PRRD1 and PRRD2 linear regression equations was evaluated using the Bland-Altman *** of PRRD1>5000 per half cycle and PRRD2≥10000 per cycle were evaluated using stepwise multiple logistic regression *** the linear regression equation of the relationship between PRRD1 and PCT previously generated in half of the DHP-treated children during the early study phase,PCT estimates were compared in a prospective blinded manner with PCTs determined by microscopy during the later study phase in the remaining ***:In 919 malarious children,PRRD1 was significantly higher in DHP-and AA-treated compared with AL-treated children(P15months,parasitaemia>10000/μl and DHP treatment independently predicted PRRD1>5000 per half cycle,while age>30months,haematocrit≥31%,body temperature>37.4°C,parasi

关键词： Falciparum malaria Artemisinin-based combination therapies Parasite clearance Children Nigeria

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Declining responsiveness of childhood Plasmodium falciparum infections to artemisinin-based combination treatments ten years following deployment as first-line antimalarials in Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第4期8卷 96-97页

作者： Akintunde Sowunmi Godwin Ntadom Kazeem Akano Folasade O.Ibironke Adejumoke I.Ayede Chimere Agomo Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Christian Happi Stephen Oguche Henrietta U.Okafor Martin Meremikwu Philip Agomo William Ogala Ismaila Watila Olugbenga Mokuolu Finomo Finomo Joy C.Ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe Robinson Wammanda George Emechebe Wellington Oyibo Francis Useh Temitope Aderoyeje Titilope M.Dokunmu Omobolaji T.Alebiosu Sikiru Amoo Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe Chukwuebuka Okafor Odafe Akpoborie Bayo Fatunmbi Elsie O.Adewoye nnenna M.ezeigwe Ayoade Oduola Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria 不详

Background:The development and spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Greater Mekong Subregion has created impetus for continuing global monitoring of efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies(ACTs). This post analyses is aimed to evaluate changes in early treatment response markers 10 years after the adoption of ACTs as first-line treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in ***: At 14 sentinel sites in six geographical areas of Nigeria, we evaluated treatment responses in 1341 children under 5 years and in additional 360 children under 16 years with uncomplicated malaria enrolled in randomized trials of artemether-lumefantrine versus artesunate-amodiaquine at 5-year interval in 2009-2010 and 2014-2015 and at 2-year interval in 2009-2010 and 2012-2015, respectively after deployment in ***: Asexual parasite positivity 1 day after treatment initiation (APPD1) rose from 54 to 62% and 2 days after treatment initiation from 5 to 26% in 2009-2010 to 2014-2015(P=0.002 and P 75 000 μl^-1, haematocrit > 27% 1 day post-treatment initiatiortreatment with artemether-lumefantrine and enrolment in 2014-2015 independently predicted APPD1. In paralle , Kaplan-Meier estimated risk of recurrent infections by day 28 rose from 8 to 14% (P=0005) and from 9 to 15%(P=0.02) with artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine, respectively. Mean asexual parasitaemia half-life increased significantly from 1.1 h to 1.3h within 2 years (P<0.0001).Conclusions:These data indicate declining parasitological responses through time to the two ACTs may be due to emergence of parasites with r

关键词： Declining responsiveness Falciparum malaria Children Artemisinin-based combination treatment Nigeria

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Eosinophilic colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第24期15卷 2975-2979页

作者： nnenna Okpara Bassam Aswad Gyorgy Baffy Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University Department of Pathology Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Eosinophilic colitis (EC) is a rare form of primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease with a bimodal peak of prevalence in neonates and young adults. EC remains a little understood condition in contrast to the increasingly recognized eosinophilic esophagitis. Clinical presentation of EC is highly variable according to mucosal, transmural, or serosal predominance of inflammation. EC has a broad differential diagnosis because colon tissue eosinophilia often occurs in parasitic infection, drug-induced allergic reactions, inflammatory bowel disease, and various connective tissue disorders, which require thorough searching for secondary causes that may be specifically treated with antibiotics or dietary and drug elimination. Like eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease involving other segments of the gastrointestinal tract, EC responds very well to steroids that may be spared by using antihistamines, leukotriene inhibitors and biologics.

关键词： Eosinophilia Colitis Gastrointestinal disease Ascites

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The Influence of Storage Conditions on the Microbial Quality of Daucus carots(Carrots)and Capsicum annuum(Green Pepper)

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NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2022年第2期4卷 36-43页

作者： Omorodion nnenna Jennifer.P Oge Lilian Department of Microbiology University of Port HarcourtP.M.B 5323Port HarcourtRivers StateNigeria

The influence of different storage conditions on the microbial quality carrot(Daucus carots)and green pepper(Capsicum annuum)was determined using standard microbiological method from day zero to day *** bacteria count for carrot stored at room temperature ranged from Log10Cfu/g3.22 to 7.45 and for carrot stored at refrigeration temperature ranged from Log10 Cfu/g *** bacteria count for green pepper stored at room temperature ranged from Log10Cfu/g 4.22 to 7.45 and for green pepper stored at room temperature ranged from 1.12 to 4.14 for refrigeration *** isolated includes ***(4%),Bacillus sp.(8%),Pseudomonas(16%),Proteus vulgaris(4%),Staphylococcus sp.(28%),Klebsiella(8%),Salmonella(12%),Micrococcus sp.(12%)and Acinetobacter(8%).Fungal count for carrot at room temperature ranged from Log102.22 to 2.54 Cfu/g and 2.01 to 2.34 Cfu/g for refrigeration *** count for green pepper at room temperature ranged from Log10 Cfu/g 3.02 to and 7.45,Log101.81 Cfu/g to 3.34 for refrigeration *** isolated includes Penicillium(33.3%),Aspergillus(53.3%),and Candida(13.4%).Proximate composition indicates that moisture,ash,carbohydrates,lipid and fibre are lower at room temperature compared to refrigeration *** and storage duration have been said to affect the content of fruits and vegetables,therefore constant temperature and appropriate storage condition should be maintained.

关键词： Storage conditions Microbial quality Proximate composition Carrot and green pepper

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《新实用汉语课本》与《长城汉语：生存交际》的对比分析研究——以第一册为例

《新实用汉语课本》与《长城汉语：生存交际》的对比分析研究——...

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作者： UMEONONIGWE nnenna UZOMA（杨君谊）河北师范大学

学位级别：硕士

教材是教学内容的根基,是教师的助手,也是学生的助手。其编写影响着教学的质量因此影响着教学和学习的效果。基于《新实用汉语课本》和《长城汉语:生存交际》是使用得最广泛的对外汉语教材,本研究选择了对其进行分析和比较。本研究主要... 详细信息

教材是教学内容的根基,是教师的助手,也是学生的助手。其编写影响着教学的质量因此影响着教学和学习的效果。基于《新实用汉语课本》和《长城汉语:生存交际》是使用得最广泛的对外汉语教材,本研究选择了对其进行分析和比较。本研究主要对两部教材的第一册进行了语言要素方面的分析和对比。本研究的内容主要分为五部分:第一部分为《新实用汉语》与《长城汉语》语音编写对比与分析,主要对比了两部教材的语音项目量、语音知识分布情况、语音项目内容以及语音项目的讲解。第二部分为《新实用汉语》与《长城汉语》词汇编写对比与分析。此部分对比了两部教材的生词量(总生词量和每单元的生词量)、词汇的呈现方式以及词汇的释义方式。第三部分,《新实用汉语》与《长城汉语》语法编写对比分析对比了两部教材的语法项目量、语法项目的呈现方式以及语法项目的讲解方式。第四部分为《新实用汉语》与《长城汉语》汉字编写对比分析。此部分对比了两部教材的汉字项目量以及汉字项目的内容。第五部分,评价与建议主要为前四章对比分析结果的总结和评价,及对《新实用汉语》和《长城汉语》以及其它初级对外汉语教材的修订与编写建议。本研究采取了文献分析法、比较归纳法以及统计法,并断定了《新实用汉语》比《长城汉语》更适合零起点汉语学生。对于两部教材的不足提出了修订与编写建议称“四要”。“四要”为:要控制知识的数量和分布、生词的编写要有规律性、要对语言知识做解释、要安排充足的例子。本研究相信“四要”将对两部教材的修订以及教材的编写提供帮助。

关键词：对外汉语教材《长城汉语生存交际》《新实用汉语课本》对比分析

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Introduction of Inactivated Polio Vaccine and Specific Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy

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World Journal of Vaccines 2015年第1期5卷 8-18页

作者： Maduka Donatus Ughasoro Beckie nnenna Tagbo Dorothy Omono Esangbedo Department of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu Nigeria Institute of Child Health/Department of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Division of Paediatrics Providence Hospital Ikoyi Lagos Nigeria

Background: Introduction of inactivated polio vaccine is imminent and may encounter the challenges that face new vaccines especially vaccine hesitancy. The study evaluated factors that may contribute to hesitancy towards IPV. Methods: Questionnaire adapted from the model developed by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts Working Group (SAGE WG) was used to assess the factors among 408 parents. The evaluation was under the 3 Cs: Confidence, Complacency and Convenience. Questions were scored on Likert 4-unit-scale system. The data were analyzed using SPSS and, multivariate analysis was used to further test individual significant variables. Results: Overall, Complacency (2.29) and Convenience (2.11) domains were more pro-vaccine hesitant, than Confidence (1.83) domain. However, none was significantly associated with likelihood of a parent’s hesitancy towards IPV vaccination. But certain individual questions: competence of vaccinators (p = 0.04), confidence that their child will not to be infected with poliomyelitis even when not vaccinated (p = 0.03) and, willingness to vaccinate with IPV when OPV is still in use (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions: None of the factors can individually influence acceptance of IPV. However, competence of vaccinators, parental belief and availability of close alternative influenced parental decision to vaccinate.

关键词： Vaccine Hesitancy Parental Decision Nigeria

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HIV Status Disclosure Rate to a Sexual Partner, Associated Factors and Outcomes among Pregnant Women in PMTCT Care in Two Large HIV Facilities in Abuja, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2023年第4期13卷 193-209页

作者： Prosper Okonkwo Oluseye Ajayi Ojukwu Chinonso nnenna Abiodun Isah Program Department APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria Community Medicine Department Bingham University Karu Nigeria Prevention and Community Service Directorate APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria Clinical Service Directorate APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria

HIV status disclosure to partners is critical in improving the health and well-being of mother-infant dyad in the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child (PMTCT) program. This study assesses the HIV disclosure rate to intimate partners, associated factors, and outcomes among women in the PMTCT program in two large HIV clinics in Abuja, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage sampling technique in selecting 220 pregnant women enrolled in PMTCT care in two clinics. Outcomes measures include HIV status disclosure to intimate partner, women’s viral suppression status (suppressed < 1000 copies/mL, unsuppressed ≥ 1000 copies/mL), and previous MTCT experience. Exposure variables include the participant’s socio-demographic characteristics and HIV care history. Data were presented using frequency tables. Simple and multivariate logistic regression was done to ascertain the predictors of HIV status disclosure and assess the association between HIV disclosure, viral suppression, and MTCT experience at a p-value of less than 0.05. Only 205 (96.7%) entries were completed and analyzed A larger percentage of the participants were married women, 158 (77.1%), within the age group 26 - 35 years (53.3%). Women’s HIV status disclosure rate to intimate partners was 49.3% (101/205). Factors associated with HIV disclosure rate to intimate partners at the univariate level were the participant’s age, Christian religion [COR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.04 - 3.21, p = 0.04], full employment [COR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.10 - 3.34, p = 0.02], HIV positivity prior to PMTCT enrollment [COR: 2.88, 95%CI: 1.26 - 6.59, p < 0.01], duration on antiretroviral therapy [COR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.13, p = 0.03], and knowledge of partner’s HIV status [COR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.08 - 0.51, p < 0.01]. Only HIV positivity prior to PMTCT enrollment [AOR: 3.27, 95%CI: 1.23 - 8.70, p < 0.01] and awareness of the partner’s HIV status, [AOR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.06 - 0.49, p < 0.01] were significant predict

关键词： HIV Status Disclosure Intimate Partner PMTCT Pregnant Women

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Relationship between glycemic control and perceived family support among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus seen in a rich kinship network in Southwest Nigeria

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2018年第4期6卷 168-177页

作者： nnenna A.Osuji Oluwaseun Solomon Ojo Sunday O.Malomo Peter T.Sogunle Ademola O.Egunjobi Olufisayo O.Odebunmi Family Medicine Department Federal Medical CentreAbeokutaNigeria

Objective:The practice of diabetes self-care behaviors has been cited as a foundation for achieving optimal glycemic *** motivation of people with diabetes mellitus is,howev-er,needed for the performance of these *** is therefore pertinent to know if motivation by the family will improve glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes *** study aimed to investigate the relationship between glycemic control and perceived family support among Ni-gerians with type 2 diabetes ***:A cross-sectional study was conduced on 316 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended a medical outpatient *** were collected through a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and a standardized tool(Perceived Social Support-Family scale).Hemoglobin A1c level was used as an indicator of glycemic ***:The proportion of participants with good glycemic control was 40.6%.Most of the participants(137,43.8%)had strong perceived family *** perceived family support(P=0.00001,odds ratio 112.51)was an independent predictor of good glycemic ***:This study shows that strong perception of family support is a predictor of gly-cemic control among the adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus *** working in sub-Saharan African countries with rich kinship networks should harness the available family support of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in their management.

关键词： Glycaemic control perceived family support type 2 DM kinship Nigeria

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Adenovirus and Rotavirus Associated Diarrhoea in under 5 Children from Enugu Rural Communities, South East Nigeria

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World Journal of Vaccines 2019年第3期9卷 71-83页

作者： Beckie nnenna Tagbo Chinedu Michael Chukwubike Roseline Ifeyinwa Ezeugwu Ebele Oliaku Ani Institute of Child Health University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Microbiology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria

Globally, diarrhoea is the second commonest infectious cause of death in children less than 5 years old. It is estimated that more than one billion diarrhoea episodes occur every year causing up to 700,000 deaths among children younger than 5 years of age. Seventy-two percent of these deaths occur in children below two years and enteric viruses have been recognized as a major cause of childhood diarrhoea. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of enteric Adenoviruses and Rotaviruses in children with diarrhoea in rural Enugu communities of Enugu State South East Nigeria. Methods: Stool samples were collected from children less than 5 years with diarrhoea seen in any of the participating hospitals in Enugu State. Samples were collected between June 2015 and May 2017. Detection of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigens were performed using commercially available ELISA kit (Oxoid-ProspecT®). Demographic data of the children were also collected. Results: Of the 290 stool samples that had sufficient materials for adenovirus and rotavirus ELISA, 14 (4.8%) and 89 (30.7%) were positive for enteric adenovirus and rotavirus respectively. 3 (1%) were co-infected with adenovirus and rotavirus. Rotavirus positive cases were more among hospitalized patients while enteric adenovirus was more among outpatients. Marked peaks of rotavirus positivity were seen in January of each year but no peak was seen among adenovirus positive cases. Higher vomiting frequencies and severe dehydration were more among rotavirus positive cases compared to adenovirus positive cases (p = 0.030 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Many diarrhoea cases among children aged <5 in the population studied were associated with enteric adenoviruses and rotavirus. This finding suggests that enteric viral agents (adenovirus and rotavirus) are important aetiologies for childhood diarrhoea in Enugu state Nigeria. Appropriate preventive, diagnostic and treatment interventions should be institute

关键词： Adenovirus Rotavirus Diarrhoea Children Enugu Nigeria

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Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used as antiulcer in Gwandu Emirate, Kebbi State, Nigeria

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History & Philosophy of Medicine 2021年第3期3卷 26-32页

作者： Angela nnenna Ukwuani-Kwaja Ibrahim Sani Lesley Sahber Kindzeka Grace Joseph Gudu Department of Biochemisty Faculty of Life SciencesKebbi State University of Science and TechnologyAlieroKebbi StateNigeria Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology Faculty of Life SciencesKebbi State University of Science and TechnologyAlieroKebbi StateNigeria.

Background:Peptic ulcer is a common disease of the gastrointestinal tract often self-treated in Nigeria,par-ticularly among the rural population with various forms of herbal ***:The ethno-botanical survey conducted was aimed at collecting and identifying medicinal plants used and sold for the treatment of peptic ulcer in Gwandu emirate,Kebbi State,***:Administration of structured questionnaire/interview was *** sellers around some major towns in Gwandu emirate(Birnin Kebbi,Aliero,Kalgo,Bunza and Jega Local Government Areas)were the *** species were photographed and identified from December 2017 to February,2018,Local names,botanical names and families of antiulcer plant as well as the mode of preparation and administration of these plants were also ***:A total of 27 respondents mentioned 16 medicinal plants used,plant parts,mode of preparation and *** plants with high frequently index include Mangifera indica(37.04%),Moringa oliefera(37.04%),Acacia nilotica(33.30%),and Azadirachta indica(29.63%).The plant parts mostly used in antiulcer herbal preparations are the roots,leaves and seeds and are usually administered ***:This documentation showcases the indigenous knowledge and inventory of traditional antiulcer medicinal plants used locally for ulcer treatment in Gwandu emirate,Kebbi State,Nigeria.

关键词： Plants Peptic ulcer Ethno-botany Gwandu:emirate Kebbi State

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